• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.337-342
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• 2004

A non-ionic surfactant, Tween 80 has been known to exert a number of positive effects on degradative enzymes in in vitro aerobic and anaerobic microbial cultures. An experiment was conducted to examine effects of supplementation of Tween 80 on ruminal fermentation and nutrient digestibility of Hanwoo steers. The experiment was designed as a $3{\times}3$ Latin square with duplication and six Hanwoo steers with rumen cannulae, average weight 497 (SE 61.1) kg. For the experiment the animals were given a basal diet consisting of rice straw and compound feed mixed at 4:6 ratio. The three experimental treatments were (1) the basal diet, supplemented with (2) 5 g/d Tween 80 and (3) 10 g/d Tween 80. Ruminal pH was significantly (p<0.05) affected by Tween 80 supplementation at 6 h after feeding. Increasing supplementation levels of Tween 80 linearly increased the total VFA concentration. CMCase activity by the 10g/d supplementation of Tween 80 were significantly increased (p<0.05) by 24.4% compared with that of control. Digestibility of crude fiber was significantly increased (p<0.05) in Hanwoo steers fed the diet supplemented with 10 g/d Tween 80 compared with those of control, whilst digestibility of ether extract (EE) was linearly increased by increasing Tween 80 supplementation level (p<0.05). In other nutrient components, their digestibilities of Hanwoo fed diets supplemented with Tween 80 tended to increase. It is concluded that Tween 80 has a potential for industrial application as a feed additive to improve ruminant production.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.47-57
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• 2014

Thai Jasmine rice (Oryza sativa, long grain Indica var.) is popular in southeastern Asia and China due to its non-glutinous, fluffy texture and fragrant smell. However it has a high starch digestibility, which leads to an increased glycemic index (GI). Therefore it may require modified cooking methods for diabetes patients. The objectives of this study were to optimize the ratio of Thai Jasmine rice, sea tangle, and olive oil (CLTR) based on consumers' acceptance. The GI of plain cooked Thai Jasmine rice (CLR) was measured as a control. Sensory evaluation and response surface methodology were used to determine the optimal ratio. Texture analysis and nutritional evaluation were also performed on the optimal recipe of cooked Jasmine rice with sea tangle. A multiple regression equation was developed in quadratic canonical polynomial models. We used 26 trained Chinese panelists in their forties to rate color, flavor, adhesiveness, and glossiness, which we determined were highly correlated with overall acceptability. The optimal CLTR formula was 34.8% rice, 2.8% sea tangle, 61.9% water, and 0.5% olive oil. Compared to CLR, CLTR had a lower hardness, but a higher springiness and cohesiveness. However, CLR and CLTR had the same adhesiveness and chewiness. The addition of sea tangle and olive oil delayed retro-gradation of starch in CLTR and increased total dietary fiber, and protein and ash contents. The degree of gelatinization, and in vitro protein and starch digestibility of CLTR were lower than those of CLR. Based on Wolver' method, the GI of CLTR (52.9, incremental area under the glycemic-response curve, ignoring the area below fasting, as used for calculating the GI [Inc]) was lower compared with that of CLR (70.94, Inc), which indicates that CLTR is effective in decreasing and stabilizing blood glucose level, owing to its lower degree of gelatinization and starch digestibility. Our results show that CLTR can contribute to the development of a healthier meal for families and the fast food industry.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.529-538
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• 1999

It is very important to collect information on the nutritional status of the Korean population for the development of health promotion programs including nutrition. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutritional status of various population living in selected areas for model nutritional work. Seven hundred eighty households(30 households per each area)from 26 areas participated in this study from November 1 to November 20, 1996. Dietary intake data for two consecutive days were collected at household level by a weighting method. The mean energy intake of the subjects(1,934kcal) was higher than that resulted from the ‘95 Korean National Nutrition Survey(1,839kcal). The proportion of energy derived from cereals was 60.1%. The proportion of total protein intake from animal sources was 49.4%. These results were similar to those found in the ‘95 Korean National Nutrition Survey. Most nutrients(except iron, thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin C, and crude fiber) were higher than the result of the ‘95 Korean National Nutrition Survey. However, the average iron intake was about 68% of the result of ‘95 Korean National Nutrition Survey. This may be due to the adjustment of iron content in rice(3.7mg/100glongrightarrow0.5mg/100g) included in nutrient database for calculating nutrient intakes. The mean energy contribution from carbohydrate, protein, and fat were 64.2%, 16.4% and 19.4%, respectively. Significant differences of nutrient intakes were noted among some areas, which may be due to different food intake patterns according to the needs of the particular area. Therefore, the result of this study indicates that there are significant differences in food and nutrient intakes among the areas, suggesting that nutritional improvement programs may need to be developed differently by areas.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.552-560
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• 2009

Bamboo leaf powder was added to Chiffon cake to increase its neutraceutical effects and storage periods. Specifically, 0, 7, 10 and 13% leaf powder was added to the cakes. The content of total dietary fiber in the bamboo leaf powder was 65.57%. The moisture content did not differ significantly among groups. The cake containing 10% bamboo leaf powder had the greatest volume, whereas the control group (0% bamboo leaf powder) had the lowest volume (p<0.05). The Hunter's L and a values decreased significantly as the amount of bamboo leaf powder increased. The b value of the control was lowest among the groups (p<0.05). Evaluation of the consumer acceptance of flavor revealed that the cakes containing the added bamboo leaf had greater consumer acceptance than the control. However, when the color was evaluated, the 13% group showed the lowest acceptance (p<0.05). Other factors such as texture, taste and overall acceptance did not differ significantly among groups. Additionally, the elasticity did not differ among groups, while the air cells were most uniform in the control. The strength of bamboo leaf aroma, bitter taste and aftertaste increased as the amount of bamboo leaf powder added increased. Cakes containing 10% and 13% added powder had the greatest moisture content, while the control had the lowest content (p<0.05). As in previous studies, the results of this study indicated that 10% bamboo leaf powder was the optimal level for the preparation of Chiffon cake. To evaluate the storage of cakes, the 10% group and the control were inoculated with Aspergillus oryzae and then incubated at $30^{\circ}C$ for 6 days. The microbial colony counts in the control group were dramatically increased after 48 hrs; however, the fungal concentration of the 10% group did not increase for 4 days. In conclusion, the addition of 10% bamboo leaf powder to Chiffon cake increased the storage time while maintaining adequate consumer acceptance.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.17-25
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• 2013

홍마늘 추출물(RG)과 홍마늘 추출물에 녹차 및 식이섬유를 혼합한 복합물(RGT, RGF 및 RGTF)이 고지방-콜레스테롤 식이성 흰쥐에 급이 시 체내 지질 배설 및 간 조직의 항산화 효소활성에 미치는 영향을 알아보고 in vitro에서 이들 복합물의 항산화 활성을 비교하였다. in vitro에서 DPPH 라디칼 소거활성은 홍마늘 추출물(RG)에 비해 RGT 및 RGTF에서 높았으며, ABTs 라디칼 소거활성은 RGT와 RGTF의 활성이 유사하였고 이는 RG보다 유의적으로 높은 활성이었다. 환원력은 라디칼 소거활성과 비슷한 경향이었다. 간 조직의 총 지질, 심장 조직의 중성지방 함량은 HRG군에 비해 홍마늘 복합물 급이군에서 유의적인 감소를 보였다. 실험 식이를 급이한 4주 후에 분변 중의 총 지질 함량은 HRGF 및 HRGTF군이 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 증가되었다. 간 조직의 지질과산화물 함량은 대조군에 비해 홍마늘 복합물 급이군에서 6.2~12.1% 감소되었으며, 항산화 활성은 복합물 급이군이 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 증가되었으나 그 차이는 미미하였다. 간 조직의 SOD 활성은 복합물 급이군이 HRG군보다 높았다. Catalase 활성은 HRGT군, GSH-px 활성은 HRGT 및 HRGTF군의 활성이 대조군보다 높았다. UDPGT 활성은 대조군에 비해 HRGT 및 HRGTF군에서 유의적으로 높았다. 따라서 홍마늘 복합물은 시료 중의 페놀 화합물, 식이섬유에 의해 분변 중으로 지질 배설작용이 촉진됨으로써 간 조직의 지질 수준 감소와 항산화 효소활성의 증가에 기여하는 것으로 생각된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.1416-1424
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• 2017

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the effects of alfalfa flavonoids on the production performance, immunity, and ruminal fermentation of dairy cows. Methods: The experiments employed four primiparous Holstein cows fitted with ruminal cannulas, and used a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design. Cattle were fed total mixed ration supplemented with 0 (control group, Con), 20, 60, or 100 mg of alfalfa flavonoids extract (AFE) per kg of dairy cow body weight (BW). Results: The feed intake of the group receiving 60 mg/kg BW of AFE were significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of the group receiving 100 mg/kg BW. Milk yields and the fat, protein and lactose of milk were unaffected by AFE, while the total solids content of milk reduced (p = 0.05) linearly as AFE supplementation was increased. The somatic cell count of milk in group receiving 60 mg/kg BW of AFE was significantly lower (p<0.05) than that of the control group. Apparent total-tract digestibility of neutral detergent fiber and crude protein showed a tendency to increase (0.05<$p{\leq}0.10$) with ingestion of AFE. Methane dicarboxylic aldehyde concentration decreased (p = 0.03) linearly, whereas superoxide dismutase activity showed a tendency to increase (p = 0.10) quadratically, with increasing levels of AFE supplementation. The lymphocyte count and the proportion of lymphocytes decreased (p = 0.03) linearly, whereas the proportion of neutrophil granulocytes increased (p = 0.01) linearly with increasing levels of dietary AFE supplementation. The valeric acid/total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) ratio was increased (p = 0.01) linearly with increasing of the level of AFE supplementation, the other ruminal fermentation parameters were not affected by AFE supplementation. Relative levels of the rumen microbe Ruminococcus flavefaciens tended to decrease (p = 0.09) quadratically, whereas those of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens showed a tendency to increase (p = 0.07) quadratically in response to AFE supplementation. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate that AFE supplementation can alter composition of milk, and may also have an increase tendency of nutrient digestion by regulating populations of microbes in the rumen, improve antioxidant properties by increasing antioxidant enzyme activities, and affect immunity by altering the proportions of lymphocyte and neutrophil granulocytes in dairy cows. The addition of 60 mg/kg BW of AFE to the diet of dairy cows was shown to be beneficial in this study.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권9호
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• pp.1305-1313
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• 2006

Five male dairy goats (Saanen), 4.6 month old with a body weight of 21.4 ($SD{\pm}1.6$) kg, were used to examine 5 dietary urea treatments in a $5{\times}5$ Latin Square experimental design. The five levels of urea were 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 g urea/kg DM of steam-treated oil palm fronds (OPF) and dry matter intake tended (p>0.05) to increase with increasing urea supplementation up to 30 g/kg OPF (77.7 g/kg $BW^{0.75}$), but decreased (p<0.05) with 40 and 50 g urea/kg OPF (67.4 and 63.7 g/kg BW0.75, respectively) supplementation. Similarly, dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and hemicellulose digestibilities increased (p<0.05) with the addition of urea to 30 g/kg OPF but thereafter decreased (p<0.05) with 40 and 50 g/kg OPF. Ruminal pH, ruminal $NH_3$-N concentration and plasma urea concentration increased linearly (p<0.01) and quadratically (p<0.01) as a consequence of addition of urea to the diet. Excretion of total purine derivatives (PD) by goats fed 30 g of urea/kg OPF was highest (p<0.05) followed by goats fed 20, 40, 10 and 50 g of urea/kg OPF. Microbial N (g N/day) and efficiency of microbial N supply expressed as g N/kg organic matter apparently digested in the rumen were higher (p<0.05) in goats fed 30 g of urea/kg OPF (5.5 g N/day and 22.0 g N/kg DOMR, respectively) than in goats on 10 and 50 g of urea/kg OPF treatments. However, the former did not differ from goats fed 20 g of urea/kg OPF (3.9 g N/day and 16.6 g N/kg DMOR, respectively). Ruminal VFA concentration, protein/energy ratio, N absorption and N retention increased (p<0.05) with the addition of urea to the diet up to 30 g/kg OPF but decreased (p<0.05) with 40 and 50 g/kg OPF. This implies that the optimal level of urea supplementation in an OPF based diet was about 30 g urea/kg OPF.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.406-415
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• 2020

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the nutritional intake and Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I) of gynecological cancer survivors and normal women. Methods: This study compared the anthropometric indices, dietary behavior, nutritional intake, and DQI-I in women with previous history of breast or uterine cancer [Gynecological cancer survivors group (GCSG, n=126)] and normal women [Normal control group (NCG, n=7,011)] using the 2013~2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. Results: Body mass index and waist circumference were lower in the GCSG compared the NCG. The frequency of skipping breakfast and eating out was higher in the NCG compared to GCSG. Energy and fat intake were significantly higher in the NCG than in the GCSG, whereas intake of all minerals and vitamins (excluding thiamine), and dietary fiber intake were higher in GCSG. It was observed that the fatty acid intake of the GCSG was significantly lower than that of the NCG. The diet quality evaluation using DQI-I results showed that GCSG was higher in the "within-group" diet variety and adequacy of vegetable group than the NCG, whereas the intake level of the fruit group was higher in NCG. Besides, protein, calcium, and vitamin C intake were higher in the GCSG than in the NCG. The GCSG showed higher levels of total fat and saturated fat moderation than the NCG, whereas cholesterol moderation showed the opposite results. The results of DQI-I comparison according to the cancer survival years showed that the overall score and scores related to diet adequacy and balance were higher in the below 5-year group, whereas the over 5-year group scored higher in terms of moderation of diet. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that a chronic disease based management approach is needed in cancer survivors. The study provides important data which can help in the preparation of guidelines for long-term lifestyle and diet management, in these patients.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.316-325
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• 2003

This study was carried out to compare the characteristics of the over weight elementary school students with those of desirable-weight children. Anthropometric parameters such as height, weight, BMI, body fat percentile, triceps skin fold thickness were measured. Dietary assessment and blood analysis were performed. The average ages of over weight children and desirable-weight children were 10.9$\pm$2.5 and 10.2$\pm$2.8 years, respectively. The means body fat percentile of over weight children and desirable-weight children were 27.5$\pm$3.7% and 20.2$\pm$3.8%. respectively. Plasma levels of TG, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol of over weight children and desirable-weight children were 179.3$\pm$30.0, 104.9$\pm$26.6, 52.3$\pm$6.7 and 178.3$\pm$84.1 mg/dl, and those of desirable-weight children were 86.1$\pm$43.5, 183.7$\pm$16.5, 101.0$\pm$2.1 and 67.7$\pm$20.0 mg/dl, respectively. Plasma TG levels of over weight children were significantly higher than those of desirable weight children. On the other hand, plasma HDL-cholesterol levels of over weight children were significantly lower than those of desirable-weight children. Plasma levels of GOT and GPT were in normal range in both group however, GPT level of over weight children was higher than that of desirable weight children. Plasma levels of albumin, globulin, and BUN were all in normal range and no differences were found in both groups. Hematologic data did not show any difference between two groups except WBC, RBC and Hgb levels which were significantly higher in over weight group than those of desirable-weight children. Daily nutrients intake of over weight children and desirable-weight children were very similar and they were around the Korean RDA levels for each nutrients. However the intake of calcium of both groups were little over 50% of RDA. The consumption of dietary fiber was very low and the cholesterol intake was very high showing that the habitual meals of Korean school children were not well balanced.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제42권8호
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• pp.1255-1262
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• 2013

본 연구는 검정콩 2호, 대원콩, 선흑콩, 소명콩, 신팔달콩 2호, 진품콩 2호, 태광콩, 푸른콩에 대해 이화학적 특성과 기능성 성분에 대한 기초 자료를 얻기 위하여 실시하였다. 일반성분 분석 결과, 수분함량은 5.50~6.16% 범위였고, 조단백 함량은 40% 내외로 시료 간 큰 차이는 없었다. 조지방 함량은 푸른콩, 대원콩, 소명콩 및 검정콩 2호가 20% 내외로 비교적 높은 편이었고, 진품, 선흑, 신팔달콩 2호, 태광콩는 15% 내외로 비교적 낮은 편이었다. 회분 함량은 4.89~5.86%로 나타내어 품종 간의 큰 차이를 보이지 않고, 탄수화물 함량은 26.20~35.45%로 분포하였다. 무기질의 함량에서 콩나물용 칼슘 함량은 소명콩이 406.36 mg/100 g으로 가장 높았고, 마그네슘 함량은 신팔달 2호가 247.79 mg/100 g으로 가장 높았다. 이에 반해 진품콩은 칼슘이 199.51 mg/100 g으로 가장 낮았고, 선흑콩은 가장 낮은 마그네슘 함량(90.03 mg/100 g)을 나타냈다. 총 이소플라본 함량은 97.54~402.00 mg/100 g으로 품종 간 차이를 보였다. 시료 중 가장 높은 함량을 나타낸 것은 콩나물용 소명콩이었고, 가장 낮은 함량을 나타낸 것은 밥밑용 선흑콩이었다. 총 올리고당 함량은 5.84~9.35 mg/100 g이었다. 총 올리고당 중 sucrose의 함량이 약 50% 정도로 나타났다. Raffinose는 0.52~0.81 mg/100 g으로 함량이 나타났고, stachyose의 함량은 2.05~3.45 mg/100 g으로 나타났다. Bracassisterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, ${\beta}$-sitosterol을 분석한 것으로 ${\beta}$-sitosterol이 평균적으로 식물성 sterol의 50%를 차지하였고, 그 다음으로 campesterol, stigmasterol 순서였으며 bracassisterol은 소량이 분석되었다. Phytic acid 함량은 신팔달콩 2호와 진품콩 2호가 0.86%, 1.65%로 이를 제외한 시료들은 약 2% 정도를 함유한 것으로 분석되었다. 식이섬유소 함량은 24.20~29.20% 범위로 나타났다.