• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.28 no.7
• /
• pp.958-965
• /
• 2015

Lycopene, a red non-provitamin A carotenoid, mainly presenting in tomato and tomato byproducts, has the highest antioxidant activity among carotenoids because of its high number of conjugated double bonds. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of lycopene supplementation in the diet on plasma lipid profile, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense system in feedlot lamb. Twenty-eight Bamei male lambs (90 days old) were divided into four groups and fed a basal diet (LP0, 40:60 roughage: concentrate) or the basal diet supplemented with 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg lycopene. After 120 days of feeding, all lambs were slaughtered and sampled. Dietary lycopene supplementation significantly reduced the levels of plasma total cholesterol (p<0.05, linearly), total triglycerides (TG, p<0.05) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C, p<0.05), as well as atherogenic index (p<0.001), whereas no change was observed in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p>0.05). The levels of TG (p<0.001) and LDL-C (p<0.001) were decreased with the feeding time extension, and both showed a linear trend (p<0.01). Malondialdehyde level in plasma and liver decreased linearly with the increase of lycopene inclusion levels (p<0.01). Dietary lycopene intake linearly increased the plasma antioxidant vitamin E level (p<0.001), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC, p<0.05), and activities of catalase (CAT, p<0.01), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px, p<0.05) and superoxide dismutase (SOD, p<0.05). The plasma T-AOC and activities of GSH-Px and SOD decreased with the extension of the feeding time. In liver, dietary lycopene inclusion showed similar antioxidant effects with respect to activities of CAT (p<0.05, linearly) and SOD (p<0.001, linearly). Therefore, it was concluded that lycopene supplementation improved the antioxidant status of the lamb and optimized the plasma lipid profile, the dosage of 200 mg lycopene/kg feed might be desirable for growing lambs to prevent environment stress and maintain normal physiological metabolism.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
• /
• 2017.06a
• /
• pp.289-289
• /
• 2017

The climate change impact has facilitated double cropping system on maize production in Korea. The objectives of this study were to investigate the chemical composition changes according to the sowing dates on double cropping in 8 dent type, 2 intermediate type, and 4 semiflint type of Korean maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids and evaluate its antioxidant characteristics. Fourteen maize hybrids were sown on April 5 and July 5 of 2015. The average crude protein contents in dent and semiflint type maize sown on April 5 were higher than those sown on July 5 (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in average of total amino acid contents in all types of maize according to the sowing dates. Major amino acid in maize hybrids were glutamic acid followed by proline, alanine, and aspartic acid, which has no significant difference according to the sowing dates. The average crude fat contents in semiflint and intermediate type maize sown on April 5 were higher than those sown on July 5 (p<0.05). The average composition of saturated fatty acid in dent type maize sown on April 5 was higher than those sown on July 5. However, the average unsaturated fatty acid composition showed the opposite result (p<0.05). Fatty acids were mainly composed of linoleic acid (C18:2) and oleic acid (C18:1) in maize hybrids. The average oleic acid percentage of dent and semiflint type maize sown on April 5 were higher than those sown on July 5, while the average linoleic acid was lower. The average amylose content of all types of maize sown on April 5 was higher than those sown on July 5. On the other hands, the average carotenoid contents had the opposite result (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in total average of polyphenol contents and DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities in all types of maize based on the sowing date. Total polyphenol contents had positive correlation with DPPH (r=0.33, p<0.01) and ABTS (r=0.50, p<0.0001) radical scavenging activities. In conclusion, the kernel composition affects maize quality. These data are useful for maize breeding program and cultivation and food processing industry.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.171-177
• /
• 2005

Nutritional compositions and antioxidative activity of Kabocha squash (Cucurvita maxima Duch) as health food were compared with those of pumpkin (Cucurvita moschata Duch). Kabocha squash had higher soluble solids and twofold harder flesh than pumpkin. Crude protein, crude lipid and total amino acid contents of Kabocha squash were higher than those of pumpkin. Major free sugar in Kabocha squash was sucrose, and its content were 2.1 times higher than that of pumpkin. Major organic acids of Kabocha squash and pumpkin were succinic and malic acid, respectively. Kabocha squash had higher amounts of vitamins $A,\;B_1,\;B_2,\;C$ and C than pumpkin, while both showed similar mineral contents except for iron. Contents of Total pectin and hydrochloric acid soluble pectin of Kabocha squash were 17.00 and 7.37 g/100 g AIS, respectively. In pumpkin, total pectin content was 25.14 g/100 g AIS, and water soluble pectin content was higher than those of other pectin fractions. Contents of carotenoid in Kabocha squash and pumpkin were 285.91 and 24,62 mg% d.b., respectively. Kabocha squash had higher electron-donating radical-scavenging activity, SOD-like activity and nitrite-scavenging effect than pumpkin.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.105-114
• /
• 2014

We established a high throughput screening system of African yam tuber lines which contain high contents of total carotenoids, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds using ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy in combination with multivariate analysis. The total carotenoids contents from 62 African yam tubers varied from 0.01 to $0.91{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$ dry weight (wt). The total flavonoids and phenolic compounds also varied from 12.9 to $229{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$ and from 0.29 to $5.2mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$dry wt. FT-IR spectra confirmed typical spectral differences between the frequency regions of 1,700-1,500, 1,500-1,300 and $1,100-950cm^{-1}$, respectively. These spectral regions were reflecting the quantitative and qualitative variations of amide I, II from amino acids and proteins ($1,700-1,500cm^{-1}$), phosphodiester groups from nucleic acid and phospholipid ($1,500-1,300cm^{-1}$) and carbohydrate compounds ($1,100-950cm^{-1}$). Principal component analysis (PCA) and subsequent partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were able to discriminate the 62 African yam tuber lines into three separate clusters corresponding to their taxonomic relationship. The quantitative prediction modeling of total carotenoids, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds from African yam tuber lines were established using partial least square regression algorithm from FT-IR spectra. The regression coefficients ($R^2$) between predicted values and estimated values of total carotenoids, flavonoids and phenolic compounds were 0.83, 0.86, and 0.72, respectively. These results showed that quantitative predictions of total carotenoids, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds were possible from FT-IR spectra of African yam tuber lines with higher accuracy. Therefore we suggested that quantitative prediction system established in this study could be applied as a rapid selection tool for high yielding African yam lines.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.101 no.4
• /
• pp.613-618
• /
• 2012

The 5-year-old seedlings and emblings which regenerated from somatic embryos were compared to the height, DBH, foliar characteristics, content of chlorophyll (chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll), carotenoid and leaf microstructure in Liriodendron tulipifera. In comparison of height and DBH (diameter at breast height), no significant differences were found in height (seedling, 3.8 m; embling, 3.87 m) and DBH (seedling, 12.09 cm; embling, 12.53 cm). The emblings and seedlings were similar in values of length (seedling, 108.11 mm, embling, 113.59 mm), width (seedling, 149.1 mm; embling, 167.71 mm), surface area (seedling, $119.92mm^2$; embling, $164.43mm^2$), fresh weight (seedling, 2.1 g; embling, 2.62 g) of leaf, and length (seedling, 81.49 mm; embling, 98.41 mm) and thickness (seedling, 1.66 mm; embling, 1.98 mm) of petiole. In case of chlorophyll content in the leaves, the chlorophyll a (seedlings, $11.2{\mu}g/g$; emblings, $13.2{\mu}g/g$), b (seedlings, $4.8{\mu}g/g$; emblings, $5.4{\mu}g/g$) and total content were higher in emblings ($930.2{\mu}g/g$) than seedlings ($800.1{\mu}g/g$), however, content of carotenoid (seedlings, $260.3{\mu}g/g$; embling, $265.2{\mu}g/g$) showed similar in both plants. Leaves of emblings had a similar pattern of histological structure (palisade or sponge parenchyma) to that of seedlings leaves. Therefore, the results showed that there were no remarkable growth differences when compared with 5-year-emblings and seedlings of yellow poplar.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.325-334
• /
• 1995

The early senescence mutant induced from Gihobyeo by $\gamma-ray$ irradiation was determined. The mutated gene expression was identified with comparing the characteristic of original cultivar. The mutant had so similar the morphological characteristics to original cultivar that it couldn't be distinguished until senescence occurred at about 20 days after heading. Suddenly yellow leaves were observed within a few days due to great decreases in total chlorophyll and various carotenoid contents. Transmission electron microscopy showed the formation of starch granules, distortion of fine structure of leaf cell organelles, especially grana structures, and the decrease in grain filled after senescence occurred. But banding patterns of total proteins and isozymes have not show any differences, The early senescence mutant will be very useful for study material not only on physiological and biochemical properties of plant senescence but also on gene expression regulating senescence which gives great influence on yield potential and its stability.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.24 no.8
• /
• pp.827-836
• /
• 2014

There is a rising trend in obesity due to various factors, including changes in eating habits, lack of exercise, and genetic and psychological factors. Citrus peel has been reported to prevent obesity via antioxidative, antihypertensive, and LDL cholesterol-lowering effects. This study investigated the effects of citrus peel extract fermented with or without Aspergillus oryzae in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. The animals were divided into four groups: a high-fat diet group (HFD), a normal fat diet (NFD) group, a citrus peel extract (CP) group, and a citrus peel extract fermented with A. oryzae (CPA) group. The citrus peel extract improved lipid metabolism and weight loss in the high-fat diet-induced obese mouse model. As expected, the body weight was higher in the HFD group compared with the NFD, CP, and CPA groups. However, the concentrations of total cholesterol (TG) and triglyceride (TC) in the serum and liver of the CP and CPA groups were lower than in the HFD group. There were no significant differences in the HDL cholesterol concentration among the groups. Taken together, our results suggest that extract of citrus peel biotransformed with A. oryzae had more antiobesity activity than citrus peel not transformed by A. oryzae through the fermentation of metabolites.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.43-49
• /
• 2006

The chemical components of Korean paprika according to cultivars were investigated and analyzed to provide basic data for food materialization and processing. Nitrogen free extract contents of President, Special and Fiesta were 6.64, 6.22 and $6.01\%$ respectively. The contents of crude lipid and crude fiber in the Special, President and Fiesta were similar. Mineral components of paprika were rich in $K(83.41\-152.98\;mg\%),\;Mg(28.66\~39.46\;mg\%)\;and\;Mn(10.34\~18.96mg\%)$. Among the cultivars of paprika, K content had a slightly higher level in the President than those of Special and Fiesta. The major free Sugars of paprika were glucose $(1.36\~1.45\%)$ and fructose$(0.06\~1.53\%)$, respectively. The contents of total amino acids in paprika were $1,168.08\;mg\%$ in the Special, $1,112.97\;mg\%$ in the President and $874.79\;mg\%$ in the Fiesta. The major amino acids in the paprika were lysine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid Abundant organic acids of paprika were tartaric $(2.34\~4.32\;mg\%)$, succinic $(2.01\~2.42\;mg\%)$ and malic acids $(0.67\~1.72\;mg\%)$. Eight fatty acids in paprika were identified and the major fatty acids were stearic $(15.11\~34.68\%)$ and linoleic acids $(32.12\~60.36\%)$. The contents of ascorbic acid in paprika were $263.45\;mg\%$ in the Special, $284.24\;mg\%$ in the President and $206.34\;mg\%$ in the Fiesta. Total phenolics and carotenoid contents were higher in President cultivar than any other cultivars.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
• /
• v.5
• /
• pp.89-99
• /
• 1987

The changes of lipid components in apple peels which effects physiological characteristic in apple storage, and pigment which is important base in quality, were investigated in terms of temperature and pressure. The results obtained were as follows ; The contents of total lipid of Ralls which is resistant to cold temperature were higher than those of Fuji. The contents of total lipid of Fuji and Ralls were decreased up to about 60 days and then increased up to the final stage of storage. Especially, the increasing rate at low temperature storage was greater than at normal temperature storage. In the case of Fuji, the contents of neutral lipid of normal temperature were increased up to 90 days, while those of low temperature were decreased up to 60 days and then increased up to 90 days. The contents of glycolipid, in both Fuji and Ralls were decreased up to about 30 days and then increased up to about 60 days and the decreased up to 90 days. The contents of phospholipid in Fuji were decreased during storage, while those in Ralls were appeared very slight changes. The ratios of unsaturated fatty acid to saturated fatty acids in neutral lipid of Fuji were decreased during storage, but those of Ralls were increased. Those of glycolipid of Fuji were decreased up to 60 days and then increased up to 90 days, while those in Ralls were increased during storage. In both Fuji and Ralls, those of phospholipid increased during storage and were high in order of sub-atmospheric pressure at $1^{\circ}C$ (SAP-L), normal atmospheric pressure at $1^{\circ}C$ (NAP-L), sub-atmospheric pressure at $20^{\circ}C$ (SAP-N) and normal atmospheric pressure at $20^{\circ}C$(NAP-N) for storage condition. The contents of chlorophyll of Ralls were higher than those of Fuji and the decreasing rate was the lowest in SAP-L. The changes of carotenoid and anthocyanin contents were the greatest increasing at NAP-N and colouring was delayed at SAP-L.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.232-240
• /
• 2015

This study investigated the microbiological and nutritional characteristics of bimonthly radish sprouts purchased at a local market. The total bacteria and coliform measurements were highest in summer (June and August) and lowest in winter (February and December). The total phenol content was $16.82{\pm}0.69GAEmg/g$, and it did not significantly differ during the investigation period. The total carotenoid contents were highest in February (about $12.81{\pm}0.49$ ${\beta}$-carotene mg/g) and lowest in April (about $8.09{\pm}1.01$ ${\beta}$-carotene mg/g). However although total glucosinolates content differ between the total crude glucosinolate and the sum of the individual glucosinolates, it was highest in December. The individual glucosinolates were found to have been gucoraphenin, glucoerucin, glucobrassicin and gluconasturtiin in radish sprouts via HPLC analysis. The purchasing time of the glucoraphenin content did not significantly differ. The measured glucoerucin was highest in February and lowest in October. The gucobrassicin and gluconasturtiin were higher in summer than in winter, but did not significantly differ. The antioxidant activity (i.e., the $IC_{50}$ values of the DPPH radical scavenging) was highest in February. In conclusion, the microbial contamination, total carotenoids, and antioxidant activity changed according to the purchasing season, but the total phenolic compounds and total glucosinolates were maintained regardless of the time in the radish sprouts.