• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.103-118
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• 2024

The aim of this study is to compare the quality characteristics of dry-cured loins with different levels of proteolysis and lipid oxidation and to investigate the relationship between these factors on quality characteristics. The dry-cured loins were divided into four groups [proteolytic index (PI) and 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) of high levels (HH), PI of high level and TBARS of low level (HL), PI of low level and TBARS of high level (LH), and PI and TBARS of low levels (LL)] based on the proteolysis index and TBARS. Moisture, protein, and fat content were all significantly influenced by proteolysis and lipid oxidation (p<0.05). The total fatty acid content in the high proteolysis groups (HH and HL) was significantly lower than that in the low proteolysis groups (LH and LL; p<0.05). For total free amino acid content, HH was the highest, and LL was the lowest (p<0.05). On the other hand, there was no significant difference between HL and LH (p>0.05). In the amount of total volatile compounds, there was no significant difference between HH and HL (p>0.05), but LH and LL significantly differed (p<0.05). In conclusion, proteolysis and lipid oxidation can influence the quality characteristics of dry-cured loin. Additionally, proteolysis might be as influential in generating volatile compounds as lipid oxidation.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.15-27
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• 1990

Effects of oral administration of electrolyte solutions were studied in experimentally dehydrated adult sheep. By the latin square method five ruminal fistulated sheep were examined and dehydrated by deprivation of feed and water for 72 hours. Tap water, physiological saline, 0.45% NaCl+120 mM/L glucose and 0.9% NaCl+1% propylene glycol solution were orally administrated after dehydration, respectively. Rehydration effect and modification of the rumen function were compared. 1. After 72 hours of deprivation of feed and water, sheep were hypertonic dehydrated and blood acid-base parameters were not significantly changed. And there was marked increase in ruminal pH and decrease in ruminal total volatile fatty acid(VFA) concentration. 2. After the fluids administration the changes in blood acid-base parameters were not significant in all groups. 3. Although glucose fermentation in the rumen was observed, 0.45% NaCl+120 mM/L glucose was more effective in rehydration than physiological saline and tap water. But it was difficult to know the rehydration effect of 0.9% NaCl+1% propylene glycol solution exactly because of excessive increase in plasma osmolality. 4. After refeeding, total concentration and proportions of ruminal volatile fatty acid(VFA) were not significantly different among groups and recovered to normal concentration but not in proportions after 2 days in all groups. 5. In vitro cultured ruminal protozoa were susceptible to the decrease of the pH and osmolality.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.856-864
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• 2019

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate effects of mixed organic acids (MOA) on nutrient digestibility, volatile fatty acids composition and intestinal microbiota in growing-finishing pigs fed high wheat bran diet. Methods: Six crossbred barrows ($Duroc{\times}Landrace{\times}Yorkshire$), with an average body weight $78.8{\pm}4.21kg$, fitted with T-cannulas at the distal ileum, were allotted to a double $3{\times}3$ Latin square design with 3 periods and 3 diets. Each period consisted of a 5-d adjustment period followed by a 2-d total collection of feces and then a 2-d collection of ileal digesta. The dietary treatments included a corn-soybean-wheat bran basal diet (CTR), mixed organic acid 1 diet (MOA1; CTR+3,000 mg/kg OA1), mixed organic acid 2 diet (MOA2; CTR+2,000 mg/kg OA2). Results: Pigs fed MOA (MOA1 or MOA2) showed improved (p<0.05) apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of gross energy, dry matter and organic matter, and pigs fed MOA2 had increased (p<0.05) ATTD of neutral detergent fiber compared to CTR. Dietary MOA supplementation decreased (p<0.05) pH value, and improved (p<0.01) concentrations of lactic acid and total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) in ileum compared to CTR. Pigs fed MOA showed higher (p<0.05) concentration of acetic acid, and lower (p<0.05) content of formic acid in feces compared to CTR. Pigs fed MOA1 had increased (p<0.05) concentration of TVFA and butyric acid in feces. Pigs fed MOA1 showed higher concentration of Lactobacillus and lower concentration of Escherichia in feces compared to CTR. Conclusion: Dietary supplementation of MOA 1 or 2 could improve nutrients digestibility, TVFA concentration and intestinal flora in growing-finishing pigs fed high fiber diet.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.191-195
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• 2023

This study aimed to investigate the effect of amino acid additives to weaned piglet diets on the pH and volatile fatty acids of pig slurries. A total of 135 weaned 22 -day-old piglets (Yorkshire x Landrace x Duroc) were used in this 56-d study. The three dietary treatments were as follows: (1) Control as a basal diet, (2) 1% amino acid additive and (3) 2% amino acid additive. Both pH and acetic acid values at 71 and 78 days were significantly different in all treatment groups (p<0.05). In addition, significant differences in propionic acid values were observed among treatment groups at 64 and 78 days (p<0.05). However, pH, acetic acid, and propionic acid values did not differ between 1% and 2% amino acid treatment groups. In conclusion, adding 1% and 2% amino acid to weaned piglet diets reduced the pH, acetic acid and propionic acid contents of pig slurries by acting as a probiotic. This may help formulate increase management strategies for improving the pig housing environment.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.605-614
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• 2020

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of TMR on in vitro rumen fermentation and methane production of goat with different forage sources. The experiment was arranged 4×2 factorial design. The different forage sources were rice straw (RS), Italian rye grass (IR), timothy (TI) and alfalfa (AL), respectively. There were two different forage : concentrate ratios such as 20:80 (20) and 50:50 (50), respectively. Therefore, totally 8 treatments were used: 1) RS20, 2) RS50, 3) IR20, 4) IR50, 5) TI20, 6) TI50, 7) AL20, and 8) AL50, respectively. The rumen fluid of goat was collected from the slaughterhouse. For fermentation parameters, ruminal pH, total gas, methane, hydrogen, ammonia nitrogen, and volatile fatty acid were determined. The pH values were within an optimal range across all treatments. Total gas productions at TI20 and AL50 were significantly greater than others (p<0.05). Methane production was significantly lower in TI and AL compared with other treatments (p<0.05). The relatively high dietary NDF content in treatments showed significantly lower methane production (p<0.05). Significant alterations treatments were detected at ammonia nitrogen concentration according to the ratio of forage : concentrate (p<0.05). AL treatment showed greater total volatile fatty acid production compared with other treatments (p<0.05). Therefore, the present study suggests that both Timothy and Alfalfa could be recommendable forage sources for goat based on results with volatile fatty acid as an energy source and methane as an index for energy loss and environmental issues. Also, the 50:50 (forage : concentrate) ratio would prefer to 20:80.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.231-239
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• 2021

This study evaluated the effect of microwave-dried black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal (HILM) as a dietary protein source for broiler diets. A total of 250 male broilers were randomly allocated to five dietary treatment groups (10 replicates and 5 birds·pen^-1) which were respectively fed the following: a control diet (HI0) and four experimental diets in which soybean meal was replaced with 2 (HI2), 4, 6, and 8% HILM. At the end of the study (35 d), blood samples were collected from 10 randomly selected broilers (1 bird per pen) to determine serum parameters. Then, the broilers were slaughtered to determine volatile fatty acid (VFA) profiles in cecal digesta. The average daily gain and average daily feed intake linearly decreased (p < 0.01), and the feed conversion ratio linearly increased (p < 0.05) according to the inclusion level of HILM; however, there were no significant differences between the HI0 and HI2 groups. Dietary HILM increased (p < 0.01) the total VFAs in cecal digesta and decreased (p < 0.05) the triglyceride level in the blood. The broilers fed HILM had lower (p < 0.01) serum phosphorus levels; dietary HILM increased (p < 0.05) the serum calcium level. The total VFAs in cecal digesta were positively influenced by the dietary microwave-dried HILM. However, a low inclusion level (2%) of HILM in broiler diets is proper in terms of growth performance and health.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.246-251
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• 2001

As a series of studies on improving quality of seasoned-dried Pacific saury, fatty acid compositions and taste compounds of the seasoned-dried saury treated with liquid smoke (T2 product) were examined during storage, comparing with control (C, seasoning only). In the both samples, the major fatty acids were 22:6n-3, 16:0, 22: In-11I, 20: In-11, 18: In-9, 14:0, 20:5 n-3 and 16:1n-7. The contents of saturated fatty acids in C and T2 increased with increasing storage period, while those of polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased. After drying, the contents of 7 non-volatile organic acids contents detected in this study decreased, and the others of non-volatile organic acids, except for malic and citric acids, in both C and T2 decreased with storage period. The contents of nucleotides and their related compounds in both C and T2 decreased with increasing storage period. The content of total free amino acids in raw sample was 556.96 mg/100g and increased up to 895.77 mg/l00 g and 958.40 mg/100g in C and T2, respectively, after drying, and total contents of free amino acids in both C and T2 somewhat decreased after 60 days of storage.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.162-167
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• 1994

국내에서 자생하고 있는 광릉쥐오줌풀 및 넓은잎 쥐오줌풀의 지하부에서 지방산, 무기성분 및 휘발성 유기산의 조성을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 광릉 및 넓은잎 쥐오줌플의 조지방질 함량은 $3.7{\sim}4.5%$ 범위 이었고 지방산은 총11종이 동정되었는데 그중 특히 양적으로 많이 함유되어있는 linoleic acid, linolenic acid 및 palmitic acid 등은 산지에 따라 함량차이가 큰 경향을 보였다. 2. 희분함량은 $4.3{\sim}6.3%$ 이었고 무기성분중 많이 검출된 성분으로는 조규소$(SiO_2)$를 위시하여 K, Na, Ca, Mg, Al, Fe, Mn, Zn등 이었으며, Na, Fe, Zn 및 Cu 는 산지에 따라 함량차이가 큰 경향을 보였다. 3. 광릉 쥐오줌풀로 부터 분리한 산성분획으로 부터 40종의 성분을 확인하였으며 그중 dimethoxy-2-propenoic acid, 3, 4-dimethoxy benzoic acid, 4-methoxy phenyl-2-propenoic acid 이외에도 3-methyl butanoic acid(isovaleric acid), 3-methyl pentanoic acid, 2-methyl butanoic acid 등 branched-chain fatty acid 류가 양적으로 많이 검출되었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.95-98
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• 1985

생쑥의 건조방법에 따른 지방산 변화를 검토하기 위하여 강화도산 생쑥을 양건(陽乾), 음건(陰乾), 열풍건조(熱風乾燥) 및 냉동건조(冷凍乾燥)시켜 ethyl ether extract함량과 그 구성 지방산의 함량 변화를 조사하였다. 1. Ethyl ether extract의 함량은 냉동건조(冷凍乾燥)된 쑥이 5.68%로 가장 높았고 열풍건조(熱風乾燥)된 쑥이 2.45%로 가장 낮았다. 2. GLC에 의한 지방산 분석 결과 11종의 지방산 중 주된 지방산은 필수 지방산인 linoleic acid와 linolenic acid외에 palmitic acid가 다량 함유되어 식품 영양학적인 면에서 고무적인 것으로 사료된다. 3. 건조 방법에 따른 건조쑥의 지방산의 종류에는 차이가 없었으나 그 조성은 상이하였다. 즉 냉동건조(冷凍乾燥)된 쑥은 산화(酸化)되기 쉬운 고도(高度) 불포화지방산(不飽和脂肪酸)$(C_{18:2}+C_{18:3})$의 함량이 높을 뿐만 아니라 저비점지방산(低沸點脂肪酸)들의 감소가 가장 적었다. 한편 열풍건조(熱風乾燥)된 쑥은 저비점지방산(低沸點脂肪酸)들이 상당량 감소되었으나 고도(高度) 불포화지방산(不飽和脂肪酸)은 음건(陰乾) 및 양건(陽乾)시킨 쑥보다 다소 안정하였으며 양건(陽乾)시킨 쑥의 변화가 가장 현저하였다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.789-793
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• 1995

전통 화식문화(花食文化)의 재조명을 위한 노력의 일환으로 아카시아 꽃잎의 화학성분 조성을 분석 검토하였다. 꽃잎의 수분함량은 86.6%이었다. 건물량 기준으로 조단백질 24.55%, 조회분 8.51% 및 총당 40.97%은 비교적 높은 함량이었으며, 아스코르브산도 160.44 mg% 함유되어 있었다. 유리당 함량은 건물량으로 fructose 75.23mg/g, sucrose 61.70mg/g 및 glucose 43.69mg/g 순이었고, 무기질은 주로 칼륨, 마그네슘, 칼슘, 철, 나트륨 등이 함유되어 있었다. 지방산 조성은 팔미트산 44.44%, 리놀레산 19.31%, 리노렌산 12.90% 등의 순이었고, 포화지방산과 불포화지방산의 비는 약 1.7 : 1이었다. 분석된 18종의 아미노산 중 필수아미노산의 비는 약 0.32%이었다. 휘발성 향기성분은 대부분이 저비점의 탄화수소류, 알콜류, 에스테르류, 유기산류 등으로 확인되었으며 octadecanoic acid 24.19% benzyl alcohol, 9.41%, linalool 7.05% heptacosane 5.43%, geraniol 4.28% 등이 주요 향기성분이었다.