• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.23-32
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• 2019

Objectives: Insomnia is not only the most common sleep-related disorder, but also is one of the most important. Knowledge of the comorbidities of insomnia is essential for proper treatment including pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods to prevent disease chronification. This study aimed to determine sleep clinic patients' knowledge of insomnia. Methods: This study recruited 44 patients (24 males and 20 females; mean age $54.11{\pm}16.30years$) from the sleep clinic at National Center for Mental Health. All subjects were asked to complete a self-report questionnaire about their reasons for visiting a sleep clinic and about their knowledge of treatment and comorbidities of insomnia. Results: The reasons for visiting the sleep clinic were insomnia symptoms of daytime sleepiness, irregular sleeping time, nightmares, snoring, and sleep apnea, in that order. Of the responders, 72.7% had a comorbidity of insomnia, and 22.7% showed high-risk alcohol use. In addition, 70.5% of responders chose pharmacological treatment of insomnia as the first option and reported collection of information about treatment of insomnia mainly from the internet and medical staff. More than half (52.3%) of the respondents reported that they had never heard about non-pharmacological treatments of insomnia such as cognitive behavioral treatment (CBT-I) or light therapy. The response rate about comorbidities of varied, with 75% of responders reporting knowledge of the relation between insomnia and depression, but only 38.6% stating awareness of the relation between insomnia and alcohol use disorder. Of the total responders, 68.2% were worried about hypnotics for insomnia treatment, and 70% were concerned about drug dependence. Conclusion: This study showed that patients at a sleep clinic had limited knowledge about insomnia. It is necessary to develop standardized insomnia treatment guidelines and educational handbooks for those suffering from insomnia. In addition, evaluation of alcohol use disorders is essential in the initial assessment of sleep disorders.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.303-320
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• 2019

Plants interact with various biotic and abiotic environmental factors. It requires much information to understand the traits of a plant species. A shortage of information would restrict the assessment, especially in the evaluation of what kind of factors influence a plant species to face extinction. Polygonatum stenophyllum Maxim. is one of the northern plants of which Korea is the southern distribution edge. The Korean Ministry of Environment had designated it to be the endangered species until December 2015. Although it is comparatively widespread, and a large population has recently been reported, it is assessed to be vulnerable due to the low population genetic diversity. This study evaluated the current distribution of Polygonatum stenophyllum Maxim. We investigated the vegetational environment, population structures, phenology, soil environment, and self-incompatibility based on the results. Lastly, we evaluated the current threats observed in the habitats. The habitats tended to be located in the areas where the masses at the edge of the stream accumulated except for those that were located on slopes of some mountainous areas. Most of them showed a stable population structure and had re-established or recruited seedlings. Polygonatum stenophyllum Maxim. had the difference in time when the shoots appeared above the ground depending on the depth of the rhizome located in the underground. In particular, the seedlings and juveniles had their rhizome located shallow in the soil. Visits by pollinator insects and success in pollination were crucial factors for bearing of fruits by Polygonatum stenophyllum Maxim. The threats observed in the habitat of Polygonatum stenophyllum Maxim. included the expansion of cultivated land, construction of new buildings, and construction of river banks and roads. Despite such observed risk factors, it is not likely that there would be rapid population reduction or extinction because of its widespread distribution with the total population of more than 2.7 million individuals and the new populations established by the re-colonization.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.613-621
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of supportive devices which are for minimizing the patient's movement during lower extremity angiography and to verify image quality of phantom by analyzing of Mask image, DSA image and Roadmap image into SNR and CNR. As a result of comparing SNR with CNR of mask image obtained by DSA technique using the phantom alone and phantom placed on the supportive devices, there was no significant difference between about 0~0.06 for SNR and about 0~0.003 for CNR. The study showed about 0.11~0.35 for SNR and 0.016~0.031 for CNR of DSA imaging by DSA technique about only water phantom of the blood vessel model and the water phantom placed on the device. Analyzing SNR and CNR of Roadmap technique about water phantom on the auxiliary device (hardboard paper, pomax, polycarbonate, acrylic) and water phantom alone, there was no significant difference between 0.02~0.05 for SNR and 0.002~0.004 for CNR. In conclusion, there was no significant difference on image quality by using supportive devices made by hardboard paper, pomax, polycarbonate or acryl regardless of whether using supportive devices or not. Supportive devices to minimize of the patient's movement may reduce the total amount of contrast, exam-time, radiation exposure and eliminate risk factors during angiogram. Supportive devices made by hardboard paper can be applied easily during angiogram due to advantages of reasonable price and simple processing. It is considered that will be useful to consider cost efficiency and types of materials and their properties in accordance with purpose and method of the study when the operator makes and uses supportive devices.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.915-929
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• 2019

This study attempted to investigate the effects of natural henna-treated permanent wave on degree of damage and morphological changes of hair. For this, amino acid was analyzed, and hair thickness and surface were observed through SEM. In addition, hair curl formation & retention, methylene blue coloring, tensile strength and elongation were measured. The results found the followings: Total amino acid contents rose as the number of natural henna treatment increased, hair protection effects are expected. In terms of curl formation, in an experimental group hair became more elastic as the number of natural henna treatment increased, compared to a control group. In both control and experimental groups, hair retention decreased as shampooing frequency increased because of extension of (C) and (C)', According to analysis of hair thickness using SEM, hair became thick in an experimental group after natural henna treatment, compared to a control group. In morphological observation of hair surface, it was mostly clean, and cuticle was tidy and healthy. In methylene blue coloring, as the number of natural henna treatment increased, absorbance went up. In addition, tensile strength declined in an experimental group, compared to a control group. As the number of natural henna treatment increased, elongation in an experimental group increased, compared to a control group. The above results show that as the number of natural henna treatment increased, hair became thicker, and curl formation and retention improved. In addition, hair elasticity and flexibility were enhanced, reducing a risk of hair damage. Therefore, the study results would be available as basic data in reducing scalp and hair damage, proposing the natural henna treatment as a method to reduce hair damage from chemical perm in cosmetology industry.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.169-197
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to present a reasonable and concrete standard for the Korean aviation insurance compulsory subscription system. Through this, we aim to improve the current revision of laws and regulations, and ultimately create an environment in which the safety and property of the Korean people who use aircraft with appropriate aviation insurance can be secured. In particular, by reviewing the aviation business law and its new laws and regulations enacted in 2017, the legislative improvement direction of aviation insurance will be proposed. In order to maintain the continuous growth of the air transportation industry and to make amicable compensation for the victims, considering the characteristics of the total accident, instantness, and giganticness of air accidents in which a lot of people and property are lost in the event of an accident, adequate insurance coverage is essential. In this respect, the compulsory insurance to amend the principle of freedom of contract, which is the great principle of the modern judicial system, will be persuasive. However, in comparison with foreign legislation, the legal provisions on Korea's obligation to comply with aviation insurance need to be revised around the following issues: First, it is reasonable to enforce the regulation of the mandatory aviation insurance by legislation from the Congress not by administrative regulations. Because it will force the monetary obligations of the individual such as common air carriers. Second, our law regulations respond to various kinds of air damages by using the phrase "limit of liability stipulated in international conventions". However, as we have seen in the text, the range of compensation are various according to the use of legal instruments in international conventions such as the Montreal Convention, which governs the compensation of passengers for damages to passengers today. Third, in countries with narrow territories, such as Korea, there are big differences in flying time and insurable risk between domestic and international transportation. Therefore, it is necessary to divide domestic transportation and international transportation even in the obligation to join the insurance. This dual discipline has the advantage for rookies in air carrier market who mainly start their business from domestic service. Fourth, according to Korean law, the regulations of automobile loss insurance is applicable to the aviation mandatory insurance of unmanned aerial vehicle accident which is lack of persuasion. In the future, it will be appropriate to discipline insurance for unmanned aerial vehicles with unlimited potential for development from a long-term perspective.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.127-137
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• 2019

Recidivism prediction has been a subject of constant research by experts since the early 1970s. But it has become more important as committed crimes by recidivist steadily increase. Especially, in the 1990s, after the US and Canada adopted the 'Recidivism Risk Assessment Report' as a decisive criterion during trial and parole screening, research on recidivism prediction became more active. And in the same period, empirical studies on 'Recidivism Factors' were started even at Korea. Even though most recidivism prediction studies have so far focused on factors of recidivism or the accuracy of recidivism prediction, it is important to minimize the prediction misclassification cost, because recidivism prediction has an asymmetric error cost structure. In general, the cost of misrecognizing people who do not cause recidivism to cause recidivism is lower than the cost of incorrectly classifying people who would cause recidivism. Because the former increases only the additional monitoring costs, while the latter increases the amount of social, and economic costs. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an XGBoost(eXtream Gradient Boosting; XGB) based recidivism prediction model considering asymmetric error cost. In the first step of the model, XGB, being recognized as high performance ensemble method in the field of data mining, was applied. And the results of XGB were compared with various prediction models such as LOGIT(logistic regression analysis), DT(decision trees), ANN(artificial neural networks), and SVM(support vector machines). In the next step, the threshold is optimized to minimize the total misclassification cost, which is the weighted average of FNE(False Negative Error) and FPE(False Positive Error). To verify the usefulness of the model, the model was applied to a real recidivism prediction dataset. As a result, it was confirmed that the XGB model not only showed better prediction accuracy than other prediction models but also reduced the cost of misclassification most effectively.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.699-709
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• 2021

Muscle mass improvement through lifestyle modification has been shown to reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome. This study examined the capacity of ethanol extracts of Scytosiphon lomentaria (SLE) to suppress the bioactivity of myostatin, a potent negative regulator of skeletal muscle mass, as well as the effect of SLE treatment on metabolic homeostasis in obese zebrafish induced by high feeding. A total of 10 ㎍/ml SLE completely blocked myostatin (1 nM/ml) signaling in the pGL3-(CAGA)₁₂ luciferase assay and suppressed myostatin-induced Smad2 phosphorylation in the Western blot analysis. In the zebrafish larvae analysis, the whole body glucose concentration of the high feeding control (HFC) group was significantly higher than that of the normal feeding control (NFC) group. However, the glucose levels of the high feeding group treated with 12.5 ug SLE and of the high feeding group treated with 18.75 ug SLE were similar to those of the NFC group. The mRNA expression level of the GLUT2 gene of the HFC group was significantly lower than that of the NFC group. SLE treatment restored the expression of the GLUT2 gene to a level that was close to that of the NFC group, indicating that SLE is capable of regulating glucose levels in zebrafish larvae. The current results highlight the potential of SLE as a natural MSTN inhibitor and supplement that can be used to facilitate the treatment of metabolic syndrome.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.235-244
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• 2020

Objectives: Gyeongsangbuk-do has entered a super-aged society with 20.7% of the population aged 65 and older. As of April 30, 2020, the death rate of COVID-19(3.8 people) in Gyeongsangbuk-do is higher than the national mortality rate (2.3 people), and the fatality rate of COVID-19 by age accounts for more than half of the total of 58.6%, so it is time to propose to prevent infectious diseases in the event of additional infectious disease disasters COVID-19. Methods: We collected daily data on the number of confirmed cases and deaths due to COVID-19 from 19 February to 30 April 2020. The data collected was evaluated using the SPSS 21.0 statistical package. Results: As a result of comparing the incidence and death-related factors of confirmed patients in Gyeongsangbuk-do, there were significant differences in age group (p<0.001), underlying disease (p<0.001), and residence type (p<0.033). Conclusion: Factors affecting the mortality rate of confirmed patients in Gyeongsangbuk-do have been combined with individual level factors(age, gender, underlying disease), which means individual characteristics that have existed since before the disease, and regional level factors(Type of Residence), which are external factors that enable the use of medical resources. Therefore, each local government is required to establish preventive measures considering individual and regional level factors.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.66 no.1
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• pp.18-28
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• 2021

The growth period and productivity of cropping system of winter wheat-rice, winter wheat-bean and winter wheat-grain corn for 4 years from 2015 to 2018 were compared at the experimental field of National Institute of Crop Science in Miryang city. The harvest period of winter wheat was in mid-June, and summer crops were sown (transplanted) in late June. In transplanting of rice in late June, there was no difficulty in securing the heading of panicle and the yield of rice, but there was a lot of trouble in sowing wheat in proper time because the harvest time of rice was delayed to early November due to late maturity of rice, particularly in the mid-late maturing cultivar. There was no problem in soybean planting after winter wheat because the proper period of soybean planting is late-June. In addition, there was no problem in winter wheat sowng after soybean because the maturity period of soybean was mid-October. Selection of grain maize in double cropping with winter wheat in terms of growing periods, was desirable because grain maize had the fastest maturity among summer crops. In double cropping of winter wheat-summer crops, wheats combined with soybean and grain maize showed stable yields during three years, but there was a risk of yield declines in the wheat combined with rice in heavy rainfall year. It was possible to secure high yields in three summer crops as yields of rice, soybean, and corn were 600, 350, and 800 kg/10a, respectively. Summer crops with medium maturity was recommended because of no significant difference in yield between medium maturity and medium-late maturity cultivar. Soil physical properties were improved in soils cultivated with soybean and grain maize. Therefore, It was thought that double cropping systems of winter wheat with soybean and grain maize were superior to that of winter wheat with rice in terms of connecting period between winter wheat - summer crops and improvement of soil physical properties, and total income, particularly in soybean.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.101-119
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• 2022

Purpose: This study examined the demographics, health status, dietary habits, energy, nutrient intake, and protein intake based on levels of inclusion of animal food among females in their 20s by using data from the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Methods: The subjects (n = 912) were divided into 4 groups according to the frequency of animal foods consumed which were categorized as meat, seafood, eggs, and dairy products, or other animal-derived foods. Results: The subjects with a lower frequency of animal food intake ate out less frequently. As the frequency of animal food intake decreased, the total energy intake too decreased with higher carbohydrate and lower protein intake ratios. In the low frequency of animal food intake group, a higher proportion of subjects had energy intake below the estimated energy requirement and the intake of protein, vitamin B₁, vitamin B₂, niacin, calcium, phosphorus, and iron were below the estimated average requirements. The average protein intake was more than the recommended 45 g in all four groups. However, the lower the frequency of animal food intake, the higher the proportion of people having lower protein intake compared to the recommended intake of 0.91 g per kg body weight. It became apparent that people who do not consume animal foods at all did not meet the recommended levels of protein intake. Thus, people pursuing a vegan diet may be at risk of low protein intake. Conclusion: This study suggests that economic characteristics, dietary habits, energy, and nutrient intake are affected by the frequency of animal food consumed, or in other words, by the degree of vegetable-centered diet. Thus, this study would help improve the perception of vegetarianism, develop individualized dietary guidance and nutrition education programs for people practicing vegan or vegetarian diets to ensure that they have a balanced diet.