• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2010

To protect information resources, many organizations including private corporate and government employ integrated information security systems which provide the functions of intrusion detection, firewall, and virus vaccine. So, in order to develop a reliable integrated information security system during the development life cycle, the managers in charge of the development of the system must effectively distribute the development resources to the quality factors of an integrated information security system. This study suggests a distribution methodology that minimizes the total cost with satisfying the minimum quality level of an integrated information security system by appropriately assigning development resources to quality factors considered. To achieve this goal, we identify quality factors of an integrated information system and then measure the relative weights among the quality factors using analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The suggested distribution methodology makes it possible to search an optimal solution which minimizes the total cost with satisfying the required quality levels of processes by assigning development resources to quality factors during the development life cycle.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.345-377
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• 2013

Government agencies have many difficulties for the information system development and operation. One of the difficulties is a budget estimation. Each government agency suggests individually different estimation for the personnel expenses and IT infrastructure adoption costs in the same field of informatization promotions. The other one is the operation costs are increased exponentially in every year[42, 51]. Those difficulties make government agencies can not help adopting SaaS. In fact, most of IT consulting company and government agencies already recognized a variety of SaaS advantages. The most typical SaaS's advantages are cost reduction, Software rapid development and deployment. However, once government agencies decide to adopt SaaS, they can not avoid many problems and difficulties. There is no information in a detailed item in a budget. In those kinds of situation, there is no choice whether government agencies accept SaaS provider's suggesting adoption costs or not. Thus, we provide a sheet of SaaS adoption cost estimation to government agencies. To know the cost factors, this study uses TCO(Total Cost of Ownership)'s criteria. To give a management point, this study uses Gartner's Application development Life Cycle. In this study, the integration check framework which is SaaS adoption cost estimation makes government agencies possible to establish a adequate budget.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.73-81
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• 2024

In South Korea, NO_X emissions are a major concern, leading to acid rain and smog, harming both the atmosphere and human health, particularly in urban areas. This study seeks to determine the most advantageous pavement material for NO_X reduction in urban areas and assess whether photocatalytic pavement blocks, proven to reduce NO_X emissions, can serve as a viable alternative to conventional cement pavement blocks. To achieve this, a comparative life cycle cost (LCC) analysis was conducted between photocatalytic pavement blocks and conventional cement pavement blocks installed for their NO_X reduction capabilities. The cost-saving benefits of NO_X reduction were monetized for photocatalytic pavement blocks. The analysis period was based on the least common multiple of the replacement cycles of both pavement materials: 30 years. The results revealed that while photocatalytic pavement blocks initially produce higher installation costs than cement pavement blocks, they offer greater cost savings in terms of total cost and net present value due to their NO_X reduction effect over the life cycle. Additionally, the cost-saving effects of photocatalytic pavement blocks are even more pronounced because their replacement period is 5 years longer than that of cement pavement blocks. This study holds significance in performing an LCC analysis of the previously unanalyzed photocatalytic pavement blocks while also demonstrating their potential as substitutes for cement pavement blocks.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.85-94
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• 2015

Recently, research on the smart grid that combines ICT(Information & Communication technology) to the power system has been actively progressed. If the occupancy of the EV(Electric vehicle) is increased. the V2G(Vehicle to grid) system is available which constitutes the micro-grid through battery of EV. V2G system performs load leveling and efficient energy consumption by battery operation considering load condition. But, if the battery is used only depending on the electricity rates, it doses not consider the life of the battery. The ACC(Achievable cycle) and the total transferable energy of battery varies corresponding to the selected DOD(Depth of discharge). In this paper, the optimal DOD selection method of V2G system considering battery wear cost and average driving distance of EV. Also, the total revenue prediction of various nation is presented considering the actual electricity costs per hour.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.405-412
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• 2011

Environmental impact by proposed pump and treatment remediation of groundwater contaminated with TCE over 0.6 mg/L down to 0.005 mg/L was assessed for 30 years operation in an industrial park. Total amount of groundwater treated was $2.96{\times}10^7m^3$ and the amount of TCE removed was 17.6 kg at most. The life cycle assessment was used to estimate the environmental cost and environmental benefit and their effects on the environment could be analyzed. Most of the environmental cost was accrued from electricity generation for 30 years pump operation, which includes energy consumption, resources consumption such as coal, crude oil, emission of global warming gas and acid gas into air, waste water production, and waste generation. Environmental impact could be quantified with a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) model for soil and groundwater remediation and normalized based upon consumption and emission quantities per capita in the world. Among the normalized values, acidification material release was the most significant.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.720-723
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• 2004

This study is intended to propose a systematic approach for determining optimum Life-Cycle Cost (LCC)-effective seismic design for continuous PSC bridges considering lifetime expected seismic risks. In the paper, a set of cost function for LCC analysis of bridges is proposed. The total LCC functions consist of initial cost and direct/indirect damage costs considering repair/replacement costs, human losses and property damage costs, road user costs, and indirect socio-economic losses. The damage costs are expressed in terms of Park-Ang median global damage indices (Park and Ang, 1985) and lifetime damage probabilities. The proposed approach is applied to model bridges of both moderate seismicity regions like Korea and high seismicity regions like Japan. Since, in case of bridges, a number of parameters may have an influence on optimal target reliability, various sensitivity analyses are performed in this study. It may be expected that the proposed approach can be effectively utilized for the development of cost-effective performance criteria for design and upgrading of various types of bridges as well as continuous PC bridges.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.141-150
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• 2004

Recently, it is really concerned about corrosion and aging of reinforced concrete bridges. Corrosional steel reinforcing in concrete affects not only safety of bridges structure but also bending strength of reinforced concrete's member. Rate of corrosion, characteristic of bending strength, and economical evaluation aren't clear in reinforced concrete, considering performance evaluation. The purpose of study is as follows. It studies about ability of resistance's strength and cost of life cycle according to reduction of steel reinforcing's corrosion. Moreover, it shows calculating formula of bending strength with corrosion of current rate and exactly evaluates about the rest life at corrosional reinforced concrete bridges.

• Journal of Applied Reliability
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.135-144
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• 2008

The economic life for three types of military wheeled vehicles with load capacities of 1/4, $1{\cdot}1/4$, and $2{\cdot}1/2$ tones has been evaluated on the basis of the equivalent acquisition and operating costs. The economic life of wheeled vehicles were calculated from 12 to 18 years by using the annual equivalent cost method. The equivalent cost was decided at the lowest point of the total amount of equivalent acquisition cost and operating cost. The operating cost were collected from the field data. The evaluated economic life can be very useful for deciding the total life cycle of these three types of military vehicles. The annual equivalent cost method may be also applied to other military equipments such as communication electronics, weapon systems, and other type of vehicles.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.6A
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• pp.977-988
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• 2006

The goal of this study is to develop a realistic methodology for determination of the Life-Cycle Cost (LCC)-effective optimal seismic retrofit and maintenance strategy of deteriorating bridges. The proposed methodology is based on the concept of minimum LCC which is expressed as the sum of present value of seismic retrofit costs, expected maintenance costs, and expected economic losses with the constraints such as design requirements and acceptable risk of death. The proposed methodology is applied to the LCC-effective optimal seismic retrofit and maintenance strategy of a steel bridge considered as a example bridge in the accompanying study, and various conditions such as corrosion environments and Average Daily Traffic Volumes (ADTVs) are considered to investigate the effects on total expected LCC. In addition, to verify the validity of the developed methodology, the results are compared with the existing methodology. From the numerical investigation, it may be positively expected that the proposed methodology can be effectively utilized as a practical tool for the decision-making of LCC-effective optimal seismic retrofit and maintenance strategy of deteriorating bridges.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.49-54
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• 2012

In this paper, a software policy considering testing time and the number of errors corrected is presented. The software is tested until a specified testing time or the time to a specified number of errors are corrected, whichever comes first. The model includes the cost of error correction and software testing during the testing time, and the cost of error correction during operation. It is assumed that the length of software life cycle has no bounds, and the error correction follows an non-homogeneous Poisson process. An expression for the total cost under the policy is derived. It is shown that the model includes the previous models as special cases.