• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.497-501
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• 2000

We investigated the effect of tea fungus/kombucha(TF) beverage on serum and liver lipid metabolism in growing male rats. The rats(Sprague-Dawley) were divided into five groups; control(TF free water), 20 or 40% TF groups(20 or 40% TF in water) and 20 or 40% TFS groups(20 or 40% TF autoclaved in water) according to the level of TF supplementation. The rats were fed ad libitum each of the experimental beverage for 7 weeks. The body weight gain of all the TF and TFS groups were similar to that of the control group. The total lipid and triglyceride concentrations of serum in the 40% TF group were increased more than those in the control group, but those in the 20% TF and 20% TFS groups were similar to that of the control group. The total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol concentrations, HDL-cholesterol / total cholesterol ratio and atherogenic index of serum in all the TF and TFS groups were similar to those of the control group. The LDL-cholesterol concentration of serum was significantly lower in the 20% TF group than that in the control group. The LDL-cholesterol concentration of serum was significantly lower in the 20% TF group than that in the control group, but those of the 40% TF, 20% TFS and 40% TFS groups were similar to that of the control group. The liver weights of all the TF and TFS groups were heavier than that of the control group. The concentrations of hepatic triglyceride in the 20% TF and 20% TFS groups were significantly decreased, compared with that in the control group. The concentrations of hepatic total cholesterol in all the TF and TFS groups were significantly more decreased than that in the control group. These results indicated that the liver weights of tea fungus/kombucha beverage feeding rats were increased, also the serum triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations of 40% TF feeding rats were increased. but the serum LDL-cholesterol, hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol levels of 20% TF feeding rats were decreased.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.322-329
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• 2001

There is growing evidence that soy isoflavones play beneficial role in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. However, current data are not sufficient to determine the effective dose of isoflavone on improving plasma lipid profiles and total antioxidant capacity in Korean menopausal women. In the present study, 24 perimenopausal and 23 postmenopausal women were divided into 3 groups and were given soy isoflavone supplements of 100, 150, 200mg/day for 12weeks. Blood samples were taken before and after 6, 12weeks of soy isoflavone supplementation for analysis of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride and total antioxidant status(TAS). In the perimenopausal women, serum total cholesterol level decreased significantly in all three groups after 12weeks of isoflavone supplementation(p< 0.05). However, serum LDL cholesterol level significantly lowered only in 150 and 200mg groups, and serum triglyceride level decreased significantly in 200mg group(p<0.05). In the postmenopausal women, the 150mg isoflavone supplementation group demonstrated significant effects on lowering serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol levels and raising HDL cholesterol level after 12weeks of isoflavone supplementation(p<0.05). Two hundred mg isoflavone supplementation group had a significantly higher TAS than other groups in both perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. (Korean J Nutrition 34(3) : 322∼329, 2001)

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.521-528
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• 2008

This study examined the effects of 2% Lycii fructus powder (LFP) supplementation on lipid metabolism in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered 1% cholesterol and 0.25% sodium cholate to induce hypercholesterolemia. Then, 40 rats were divided into four diet groups: a normal diet group (NC), high cholesterol diet group (HC), normal diet plus 2% Lycii fructus powder (NC-LFP) group, and high cholesterol diet plus 2% Lycii fructus powder (HC-LFP) group. The HC group presented higher growth rates and liver weights than NC and NC-LFP however, growth rates and liver weights in the 2% LFP administered groups gradually decreased. HC also showed increased serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, free cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol levels and decreased atherogenic index values, HDL-cholesterol, and phospholipid levels, whereas LFP group showed decreased serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, free cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol levels as compared to HC. There were no differences in serum triglyceride, phospholipid, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and free cholesterol concentrations between the normal diet groups (NC and NC-LFP). The high cholesterol diet groups (HC and HC-LFP) had significant increases in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), asparate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDHase) activities. And the 2% LFP administered groups had lower hepatic concentrations of total cholesterol and triglycerides than the HC groups. Overall, the results suggest that Lycii fructus powder has hypochloesterolemic effects by reducing serum and liver cholesterol contents.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.107-115
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• 1998

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary fibers (cellulose ; polydextrose ; pectin ; ricebran) supplementation on the kidney fucntion of hyperlipidemic-induced rats on a high cholesterol diet (5% cholesterol). Serum lipid concentrations were not influenced by dietary fiber sources, but the pectin group was effective in reducing serum lipid levels. Total serum protein and albumin concentrations tended to higher in the polydextrose group, and serum creatinine and urea-N concentrations were higher in the pectin group than those in the other groups. Even though total urinary protein was high in the pectin group, GFR was reduced (18~30% decrease) as compared to other groups. The urea-N level was elevated in the polydextrose group as compared to that of cellulose group(25% increase). Total lipid, triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations in the liver of pectin group were lower than those of other groups. Total lipid and cholesterol concentrations in the kidneys were reduced in pectin and ricebran groups, respectively. The total cholesterol concentration infecal was significantly high in the polydextrose and pectin groups(p<0.05), and the triglyceride was highest in the pectin group. These results indicate no significant effects of dietary fiber supplementation on the kidney function of hyperlipidemic-induced rats on a high cholesterol diet, but pectin was very effective to improve lipid metabolism and to reduce GFR.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.756-762
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• 2006

The objective of this study was to define the effects of various cooking and re-heating methods (pan roasting, steaming, oven grilling and micro-waving) on the cholesterol and formation of cholesterol oxidation products in beef loin during storage at $4^{\circ}C$. Raw samples showed lower total cholesterol content than cooked products sampled during storage for 6 d. The following cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) were separated by gas chromatography: $7{\beta}$-hydroxy cholesterol, $20{\alpha}$-hydroxy cholesterol, 25-hydroxy cholesterol, cholestane-$3{\beta}$, $5{\alpha}$, $6{\beta}$ triol (triol), ${\alpha}$-epoxide and 7-ketocholesterol. Total amounts of COPs/cholesterol at 0 d were 0.74, 0.63, 0.76, 1.23 and 0.83% for the raw sample, pan roasting, steaming, oven grilling and micro waving methods, respectively. After 6 d storage almost of the samples had higher content of total COPs than at 0 and 3 d; the lowest (0.55%) COPs was found in the steaming cooking and re-heating method. The highest (5.96%) of COPs was found in the pan roasting cooking and re-heating method after 6 d storage. In conclusion, the concentration of total cholesterol and cholesterol oxidation of beef loin were increased as a consequence of cooking and re-heating methods. Steaming and micro-waving methods showed the lowest of cholesterol oxidation products under refrigerated storage for 6 d. However, each cooking and re-heating method had its own distinctive cooking effects.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.132-138
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• 1997

This study was conducted to investigate hypocholesteroloemic effect of garlic and onion in rats fed basal diet or cholesterol supplemented diets. Thirty Sprague Dawley rats were fed basal diet and 30 rats were fed basal diet plus 0.5% cholesterol, both containing none(control), 3% garlic or 3% onion for 4 weeks. Supplementation of 0.5% cholesterol significantly increased plasma and liver cholesterols(p<0.01) and liver triglyceride(TG) and plasma glucose(p<0.05). Plasma total cholesterol was significantly decreased in both garlic and onion groups compared to control when they were fed cholesterol supplemented diet(p<0.05). Plasm TG wa significantly decreased in onion groups regardless cholesterol supplementation (p<0.05). There were no differences in plasma glucose and HDL-cholesterol and liver total cholesterol and TG among groups in both basal and choleserol supplemented diets. Platelet aggregation was rather increased in onion group but not singnificantly different.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.9
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• pp.1073-1083
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• 1997

This project was to compare the effects of consuming diets incorporating soybean oil , canola oil, ad palm oil on blood serum lipid patterns and fecal fat excretion in healthy human adults. The project was composed of three studies that were run concurrently . Each study was composed of a 4-day pre-trial period and two , 14-day experimental periods arranged according to a cross-over design. During the pre trial period, subjects were allowed to eat self-selected diets. During the experimental period , subjects were asked to eat constant, laboratory controlled diets in which sources of dietary fat varied . Thirty healthy , young adult subjects were fed a laboratory controlled diet incorporating soybean oil, canola oil, and palm oil. Test oils provided approximately 20% of the total dietary calories form all sources. Total dietary fat from all sources was approximately 30% of consumed calories. The highest serum total cholesterol , LDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol , and triglyceride values occurred when pam oil diets were eaten. However, feeding on palm oil diets resulted in the same HDL cholesterol content as with soybean oil or canola oil diets. Soybean oil diets produced numerically lower blood serum total cholesterol , LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides, and numerically higher HDL cholesterol and VLDL cholesterol than did those with canola oil. Fecal fat excretion was numerically lower with soybean oil diets than with canola diets. The highest fecal fat excretion occurred when palm oil diets were eaten.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.151-172
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• 1991

Comparative blood analysis was carried out to investigate the change of blood constituent in TAE-EUM-IN group and control group. RBC, WBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, total protein, triglyceride, phospholipid, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, BUN, creatinine, ACTH, cortisol and prostaglandin E and $F_2{\alpha}$ were measured. And the following results were obtained: 1. In the change of blood cell, the value of hematocrit showed significant difference, while that of RBC, WBC and himoglobin didn't. 2. In the change of protein, the value of total protein showed significant difference, but that of albumin didn't. 3. In the change of lipid and cholesterol in serum, the value of triglyceride, phospholipid, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol indicated significant difference, while that of HDL-cholesterol indicated significant difference, while that of HDL-cholesterol didn't. 4. The value of BUN in serum represented significant difference, but that of creatinine didn't. 5. The value of cortisol in plasma showed significant difference, but that of ACTH didn't. 6. The value of prostaglandin E and $F_2{\alpha}$ in plasma showed significant difference. These results suggest that investigation on hormones and blood constituents enables objectification in differentiation of four types of physical constitution.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.137-146
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• 1982

The present study was undertaken to find out fasting total plasma cholesterol levels of SHR at different phases(labile, established and malignant) in the course of hypertension development and also to investigate effect of nicotine on plasma cholesterol levels of these animals. In nicotine administered group, 2.18 mg/kg nicotine was given daily for six weeks. The results obtained are as follows; 1) Mean total plasma cholesterol levels of SHR at labile, established and malignant phases were $104.6{\pm}3.1\;mg/dl$, $120.8{\pm}2.6\;mg/dl$ and $136.6{\pm}2.5\;mg/dl$ respectively. The total plasma cholesterol level generally increased with age of experimental animals. 2) After administration of nicotine (2.18 mg/kg/day) for six weeks, mean total plasma cholesterol levels of SHR at labile, established and malignant phases were $130.2{\pm}3.1\;mg/dl$, $150.4{\pm}3.3\;mg/dl$ and $166.6{\pm}3.2\;mg/dl$, respectively. The result of present study strongly suggests that nicotine has a positive relationship with plasma cholesterol levels in SHR.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.109-119
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to measure serum lipids concentrations by gender and age, and to investigated the relation of serum lipids levels to cigarette smoking alcohol intake exercise and menopausal status in Korean adults. The subjects consisted of 463 healthy adult(29- men and 173 women) volunteers who were visiting the health Promotion Center in the Asan Medical Center from July 1, 1994 to July 22, 1994 Subjects were ambulatory free-living people and aged 20- 80 years, Anthropometric measurement was performed and serum triglyceride(TG), HDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol(TChol) concentrations were measure by automatic system(Hitachi 736-40). Data on life styles were obtained using structured questionnaires issued by a trained interviewer, All data were statistically analyzed by PC-SAS(Version 6.04) Serum concentrations of triglyceride and total cholesterol was higher(p<0.05) in men than in women, and serum HDL-cholesterol was lower(p<0.05) in men than in women. The prevalence of hyperlipidemia(TG>170 mg/dL and TChol>220 mg /dL) was 12.5% in men and 4.1% in women. The levels of serum triglyceride, total cholesterol and BMI increased with age in women. The distribution curves of serum triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol of women were located in lower increased more rapidly with aging than in men, The distribution curves of BMI of women increased with aging after the thirties, The BMI of women was located in higher levels than of men in their sixties. The serum concentration of triglyceride and total cholesterol of male current-smokers and non- smokers were significantly(p<0.05) higher than those of ex-smokers. The concentrations triglyceride the male current0drinkers were higher(p<0.05) than those of male non-drinkers. In non-smokers and non- drinkers, serum TG concentration were lower (p<0.05) than those of current-smokers and current-drinkers. In exercisers, the serum triglyceride concentration was significantly(p<0.05) lower than in non- exercisers. In postmenopausal woman BMI and serum concentrations of TChol, TG and LDL-Chol were significantly by age and gender and smoking alcohol drinking, exercise and menopausal staus might be a better indicator to predict serum lipids in both genders.