• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제18권7호
• /
• pp.819-824
• /
• 2009

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of chemical additives on total phosphorus (TP), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), and total volatile fatty acids (total VFAs) in hanwoo slurry. The treatments in this study were ferrous sulfate, alum, and aluminum chloride, and applied at the rate of 0, 0.5, and 1.0 g/25 g of hanwoo slurry. All of the chemical treatments significantly lowered TP (11 to 53% of the untreated control), SRP (41 to 99.9% of the untreated control), and total VFAs (22 to 48.5% of the untreated control) by reducing hanwoo slurry pH (3.42 to 6.86). Among these chemical amendments, addition of 0.5 g ferrous sulfate, alum, and aluminum chloride to hanwoo slurry were the best results evaluated on farms with respect to reducing negative environmental impacts. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that the use of chemical amendments should be considered in the development of best management practices (BMPs) for the hanwoo industries.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.19-27
• /
• 2008

Artichoke extracts are widely used alone or in association with other herbs for embittering alcoholic and soft drinks and to prepare herbal teas or herbal medicinal products in Viet Nam. The objective of this paper was a screening of flavonoids and total phenolic compounds content in the parts of artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) as flowers, leaves, roots, trunks, stumps, The total phenolic compounds and flavonoids in the parts of artichoke were extracted among 3 extraction methods as methanol extraction (EM1), mixing methanol and water method (EM2) and water extraction method (EM3). Total phenolic compounds and flavonoids were determined by UV/VIS, HPLC techniques. The apigenin 7-O-glucosides, cynarin, narirutin, gallic acid, caffeic acid were found as the main flavonoids constituents in all parts of artichoke. It showed that value of total phenolic compounds and flavonoids by EM3 were higher than that of total phenolic compounds and flavonoids by EM1 and EM2. Furthermore, the results of this study revealed that total phenolic compounds and flavonoids, obtained by these convenient extraction methods, may show the quick efficacy of artichoke in all respects of their quality and quantity.

• 대한가정학회지
• /
• 제38권7호
• /
• pp.13-26
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study were to identify the financial status of the home based business, and to analyze the factors effected on it. The sample consisted of 713 self-employed from data of 1998 Korea Household Panel Study, and analyzed into Frequencies, Percentile, t-test, $\varkappa$$^2$-test, and Regression Analysis. The findings showed that the household income and expenditure level of female self-employed was higher than those of male self-employed. In case of financial status of business, male self-employed's net profit was higher than female's and the net profit to total sales ratio of male self-employed was greater than female's. The factors contributing to total expenditure to total income ratio were sex, educational level, future economic expectancy, residence and home ownership of self-employed, while the factor effect on total asset to total debt ratio was only total household income. The Variables of sex, educational level of self- employed, job type of home based business and the number of employees in home based business were associated with net profit to total sales ratio, age and educational level of serif-employed, and job type of home based business was related to total sales to the number of emploees ratio(labor productivity).

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정밀공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.881-887
• /
• 2005

A total knee replacement is an extremely 'position-sensitive' operation; a malposition or a malalignment of the components will lead to a breakage of the component, a fracture around the knee prosthesis, and the limitation of range of the motion, etc. In a conventional total knee replacement, surgeons have to select an appropriate prosthesis according to the shape of the surgical region. A wrong selection may give rise to side effects or to need re-operation. Nevertheless, it is so difficult to choose the most proper prosthesis out of various kinds of prosthesis. This paper presents a surgical planning system for the total knee replacement with an operation simulating method in order to determine the parameters for the total knee replacement operation. We select an alignment axis and a resection angle as major operation parameters in the total knee replacement operation, and introduce the method to determine the major operation parameters with the operation simulator we developed. The simulator is used to determine operation parameters for optimized operations, to select the most appropriate prosthesis, and to analyze the prospective problems of the operation.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한원격탐사학회 2005년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2005
• /
• pp.388-391
• /
• 2005

The characteristics of the total ozone variations measured by the ground-based Brewer Ozone Spectrophotometer and the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) over Pohang are statistically examined from January 1994 to December 2004. First of all, in the correlation analysis of the total ozone measured from the Brewer Ozone Spectrophotometer and the TOMS, the correlation coefficient was 0.88 and the used data were 2190. The annual mean value of the total ozone is 311 DU with the standard deviation of 13 DU. The maximum and the minimum value were found in March (343 DU) and in September (282 DU), respectively. It was also revealed that the longest seasonal variation is in Spring (341 DU) and the smallest is in Autumn (283 DU). The time series data of the total ozone indicates that the annual variation is significant and the variations for three months and six months are relatively weak. Finally, the annual mean total ozones in Pohang (Brewer), Seoul (Brewer) and Busan (TOMS) are 312 DU, 324 DU and 304 DU, respectively.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
• /
• 제8권12호
• /
• pp.1589-1596
• /
• 2005

The imprecise real-time system provides flexibility in scheduling time-critical tasks. Most scheduling problems of satisfying both 0/1 constraint and timing constraints, while the total error is minimized, are NP complete when the optional tasks have arbitrary processing times. Liu suggested a reasonable strategy of scheduling tasks with the 0/1 constraint on uniprocessors for minimizing the total error. Song et al suggested a reasonable strategy of scheduling tasks with the 0/1 constraint on multiprocessors for minimizing the total error. But, these algorithms are all off-line algorithms. On the other hand, in the case of on line scheduling, Shih and Liu proposed the NORA algorithm which can find a schedule with the minimum total error for a task system consisting solely of on-line tasks that are ready upon arrival. But, for the task system with 0/1 constraint, it has not been known whether the NORA algorithm can be optimal or not in the sense that it guarantees all mandatory tasks are completed by their deadlines and the total error is minimized. So, this paper suggests an optimal algorithm to search minimum total error for the imprecise on-line real-time task system with 0/1 constraint. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm has the same complexity, O(N log N), as the NORA algorithm, where N is the number of tasks.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
• /
• 제10권12호
• /
• pp.1741-1751
• /
• 2007

The imprecise computation technique ensures that all time-critical tasks produce their results before their deadlines by trading off the quality of the results for the computation time requirements of the tasks. In the imprecise computation, most scheduling problems of satisfying both 0/1 constraints and timing constraints, while the total error is minimized, are NP-complete when the optional tasks have arbitrary processing times. In the previous studies, the reasonable strategies of scheduling tasks with the 0/1 constraints on uniprocessors and multiprocessors for minimizing the total error are proposed. But, these algorithms are all off-line algorithms. Then, in the on-line scheduling, NORA(No Off-line tasks and on-line tasks Ready upon Arrival) algorithm can find a schedule with the minimum total error. In NORA algorithm, EDF(Earliest Deadline First) strategy is adopted in the scheduling of optional tasks. On the other hand, for the task system with 0/1 constraints, NORA algorithm may not suitable any more for minimizing total error of the imprecise tasks. Therefore, in this paper, an on-line algorithm is proposed to minimize total error for the imprecise real-time task system with 0/1 constraints. This algorithm is suitable for the imprecise on-line system with 0/1 constraints. Next, to evaluate performance of this algorithm, a series of experiments are done. As a consequence of the performance comparison, it has been concluded that IOSMTE(Imprecise On-line Scheduling to Minimize Total Error) algorithm proposed in this paper outperforms LOF(Longest Optional First) strategy and SOF(Shortest Optional First) strategy for the most cases.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.185-192
• /
• 1984

This study was performed to investigate the effects of different levels of Cu(0,6,60 ppm ) and kinds of lipid(corn oil, sesame oil or butter) in the diet upon lipids metabolism and Cu & Fe contents in weanling rats. The results obtained were summarized as following : 1) Food consumptions, total body weight gains and F.E.R.s showed no significant differences among groups with different dietary Cu levels and the kinds of lipid. 2) Weights of liver, hind limb muscle, kidney, spleen and epididymal fat pad showed no significant differences among groups. 3) The contents of total lipids and total cholesterols in serum, hind limb muscle were significantly higher in low Cu groups than in control and high Cu groups. But the contents of total lipid in liver were significantly lower in low Cu groups than in other groups. 4) The contents of total lipid and total cholesterol in serum, liver and total lipid in muscle were significantly higher in butter groups, but the contents of total cholesterol in muscle were significantly lower in butter groups. 5) The Cu concentrations in serum, liver, muscle and feces were significantly higher in high Cu groups than in control and low Cu groups. The Fe concentrations in serum tended to be lower and those in muscle were significantly higher in low Cu groups.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.77-86
• /
• 1991

Changes in total lipid content. total cholesterol content and fatty acid composition of human milk were investigated longitudinaly from 2-5 days to 12 weeks postpartum Milk samples were collected from 19 Korean lactating women at 2-5 days and at 1. 2. 4. 6. and 12 weeks postpartum. The obtained results were as follows : On average the daily energy intake protein intake and fat intake of Korean lactating women was 1812 kcal 72.5g and 29.8g respectively. The composition ratio of energy consis-ting of protein fat and carbohydrate was 16:15:69 The total lipid content increased from 1.39g/이 at 2-5 days to 2.86g/dl at 12 weeks ; while the total cholesterol concentration (mg/g) decreased significantly with time following postpartum. The total unsaturated fatty acids content was higher in colostrum than in mature milk. and the total saturated fatty acids were higher in mature milk. The average DHA content was 0.55% and the P/S ratio of human milk lipids was 0.37.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제20권5호
• /
• pp.341-349
• /
• 1987

Dietary intakes of na include both the amount present in food materials (nondiscretionary Na intake) and the amount added during cooking and eating to increase salty taste and flavor (discretionary Na intake). In the present study, total Na intake was measured by duplicate food sample collected from each subject for 1 day, nondiscretionary Na intake was calculated by dietary intake record, optimum gustation of salt was measured of from pooled 3-day urine collection in healthy female college students, to measure Na intake more accurately and to find suitable method to estimate total Na intake. Mean values of total, discretionary and mondiscretionary Na intakes were 169.6 mEq, 46.2mEq, and 123.4mEq. respectively. Mean 24-hour urinary Na excretion was 137.9mEq., which was about 84.5% of total intake. Subjects with optimum gustation of salt equal to or higher than 0.5% had significantly higher total Na intake and urinary Na excretion compared to subjects with optimum gustation of salt lower than 5%. Total Na intake of subjects were significantly correlated with optimum gustation of salt, non-discretionary and discretionary Na intakes, and urinary Na excretion. Multiple regression analysis showed that the best estimate of total Na intake is obtained when both optimum gustation of salt and non-discredinary Na intake were used as independent variables (r=.7071). Among the equations using one independent variable, regression, equation with urinary Na excretion provides the best approximation (r=.6627) of total Na intake.