• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.49-56
• /
• 2016

In Korea, there exist many mountains, and sudden storms occur during the summer season. When severe rainstorm events occur in steep slope topography, risk of debris flow is increased. Once debris flow occurs in urban area, it may cause casualties and physical damages due to rapid debris flow velocity along a steep slope. Accordingly, preventing method of sediment-related disaster for demage mitigation are essential. Recently, various studies on debris flow have been conducted. However, the prediction of the physical propagation of debris flow along the steep slope was not thoroughly investigated. Debris flow is characterized by various factors such as topography, properties of debris flow, amount of debris flow. In the study the numerical simulation was focused on the topographic factor. Fundamental analysis of the risk area was implemented with emphasis on the propagation length, thickness, and the development of maximum velocity. The proposed results and the methodology of estimating the structural vulnerability would be helpful in predicting the behavior and the risk assessment of debris flow in urban area. These results will be able to estimate the vulnerability of urban areas affected the most damage by debris flow.

• 해양환경안전학회지
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.233-240
• /
• 2013

Jakarta is the capital city of Indonesia which has problems of land subsidence with the rates of about 1 to 15 cm/year, up to 20-25 cm/year. The study has examined the land subsidence in Pantai Mutiara, Jakarta Bay which is a reclaimed area by using the Terrestrial LIDAR survey technique. The Terrestrial LIDAR survey results show that the survey site has mean elevation of 0.24 m with the highest elevation of 0.93 m and lowest - 0.35 m. Considering that AHHW (approximate highest high water) is 0.51 m, many areas of the survey site are lying below the AHHW. Pantai Mutiara area is showing various subsidence rates depending on sites although the site is relatively narrow and small (about 1 $km^2$). There is elevation differences of almost 1m within the site. In this study, key information including topography, dike height distribution, and future coastal flooding risk of the survey area was able to be provided by Terrestrial LIDAR survey conducted only once. Especially, as the 3D precision topography effectively conveys important messages relating to vulnerability of the site, policy makers and stakeholders can easily understand the situation of the site.

• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.719-733
• /
• 2015

Seismic risk management of the built environment is integrated by two main stages, the assessment and the remedial measures to attain its reduction, representing both stages a complex task. The seismic risk of a certain structure located in a seismic zone is determined by the conjunct of the seismic hazard and its structural vulnerability. The hazard level mainly depends on the proximity of the site to a seismic source. On the other hand, the ground shaking depends on the seismic source, geology and topography of the site, but definitely on the inherent earthquake characteristics. Seismic hazard characterization of a site under study is suggested to be estimated by a combination of studies with the history of earthquakes. In this Paper, the most important methods of seismic vulnerability evaluation of buildings and their application are described. The selection of the most suitable method depends on different factors such as number of buildings, importance, available data and aim of the study. These approaches are classified in empirical, analytical, experimental and hybrid. For obtaining more reliable results, it is recommends applying a hybrid approach, which consists of a combination between methods depending on the case. Finally, a recommended approach depending on the building importance and aim of the study is described.

• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.84-91
• /
• 2018

The present study deals with the management of groundwater resources of an important agriculture track of north-western part of Saudi Arabia. Due to strategic importance of the area efforts have been made to estimate aquifer proneness to attenuate contamination. This includes determining hydrodynamic behavior of the groundwater system. The important parameters of any vulnerability model are geological formations in the region, depth to water levels, soil, rainfall, topography, vadose zone, the drainage network and hydraulic conductivity, land use, hydrochemical data, water discharge, etc. All these parameters have greater control and helps determining response of groundwater system to a possible contaminant threat. A widely used DRASTIC model helps integrate these data layers to estimate vulnerability indices using GIS environment. DRASTIC parameters were assigned appropriate ratings depending upon existing data range and a constant weight factor. Further, land-use pattern map of study area was integrated with vulnerability map to produce pollution risk map. A comparison of DRASTIC model was done with GOD and AVI vulnerability models. Model validation was done with $NO_3$, $SO_4$ and Cl concentrations. These maps help to assess the zones of potential risk of contamination to the groundwater resources.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제48권5호
• /
• pp.499-505
• /
• 2023

Geological hazards in landslide is one of the most extensive and destructive phenomena are among natural disasters. According to the topography high mountains, tectonic activity, high seismicity, diverse conditions Geology and climate, basically China to create a wide spectrum of landslides have natural conditions and these landslides are annual. They cause a lot of financial losses to the country. It is very difficult to predict the time of the landslide, hence the identification landslide sensitive areas and zoning of these areas based on the potential risk is very important. Therefore, it should be susceptible areas landslides should be identified in order to reduce damages caused by landslides find. the main purpose of landslide sensitivity analysis is identification high-risk areas and as a result, reducing damages caused by landslides It is the way of appropriate actions.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국수자원학회 2015년도 학술발표회
• /
• pp.236-236
• /
• 2015

Flood is one of the major natural disasters affecting millions of people. Thailand also, frequently faces with this type of disaster. Especially, 2011 mega flood in Central Thailand, inundated highway severely attributed to the failure of national economic and risk to life. Lesson learned from such an extreme event caused flood monitoring and warning becomes one of the sound mitigations. The highway flood hazard mapping accomplished in this research is one of the strategies. This is due to highway flood is the potential risk to life and limb, and potential damage to property. Monitoring and warning therefore help reducing live and property losses. In this study, degree of highway flood hazard was assessed by weighting factors for each cause of the highway flood using Multi Criteria Analysis (MCA) based Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). These weighting factors are the essential information to classify the degree of highway flood hazard to enable pinpoint on flood monitoring and flood warning in hazard areas. The highway flood causes were then investigated. It was found that three major factors influence to the highway flood are namely the highway characteristics, the hydrological characteristics and the land topography characteristics. The weight of importance for each cause of the highway flood in the whole country was assessed by weighting 3 major factors influence to the highway flood. According to the result of MCA analysis, the highway, the hydrological and the land topography characteristics were respectively weighted as 35, 35 and 30 percent influence to the cause of highway flood. These weighting factors were further utilized to classify the degree of highway flood hazard. The Weight Linear Combination (WLC) method was used to compute the total score of all highways according to each factor. This score was later used to categorize highway flood as high, moderate and low degree of hazard levels. Highway flood hazard map accomplished in this research study is applicable to serve as the handy tool for highway flood warning. However, to complete the whole warning process, flood water level monitoring system for example the camera gauge should be installed in the hazard highway. This is expected to serve as a simple flood monitor as part of the warning system during such extreme or critical event.

• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제33권3호
• /
• pp.1077-1086
• /
• 2013

최근 지구는 이상기후를 원인으로 한 자연재난 발생에 의해 경제적 손실 및 인명 피해가 빈번하게 발생하고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 자연재난의 하나인 설해 적응에 관한 것으로 도로가 위치한 지역의 지형적 특성을 중심으로 설해취약지역을 선정하고 그 위험정도를 제시하는 것이다. 연구지역인 부산광역시의 경우 도심 내 구릉성 산지가 많이 분포하고 있어 도로의 경사가 급하고 많은 산복도로가 형성되어 있어 폭설에 취약한 구조로 되어 있다. 최근에는 폭설이라 할 수 없는 적은 적설량에도 도로교통이 마비되고 학교가 휴교하는 등 큰 혼란이 발생하였다. 지구온난화에 의한 이상기후는 예측이 어렵고 그 피해는 매우 큼으로 관련 사회기반시설에 대한 적응정책이 마련되어야 한다. 따라서 본 연구는 연구지역의 도로가 위치한 지형적 특성들을 중심으로 설해취약지역을 선정하고 행정동 단위 위험도 평가를 통한 위험정도를 나타냄으로 설해 적응정책수립 시기초자료로서 활용될 수 있도록 하였다.

• 터널과지하공간
• /
• 제17권5호
• /
• pp.372-380
• /
• 2007

침하로 인한 지표 손상대는 지하 채굴로 인해 발생되는 결과로서, 오랜 기간 동안 서서히 또는 급작스럽게 발생할 수 있다. 이러한 지표 손상대는 싱크홀 혹은 트러프형 침하에서 대규모 슬라딩에 이르기까지 다양한 형태로 관찰된다. 침하 발행 위험에 대한 평가는 광산 침하의 영향을 받는 지역에 있어서는 매우 중요하다. 이러한 위험도 평가나 침하 예측을 위해 경험적 모델, 프로파일함수, 영향 함수 그리고 수치해석과 같은 다양한 방법들이 적용되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 인자들 중 지배적으로 침하 현상을 유발할 수 있는 채굴적과 관련한 정보, 즉 채굴적의 위치 및 규모의 정보를 확산이론과 연계한 비교적 간단한 침하 위험도 평가 기법을 제안하였다. 확산 모델은 지반 침하 기구를 설명할 수 있는 입자 모델과 상사관계를 가진다. 확산 모델을 폐금속광 및 폐석탄광 지역의 침하 위험도 작성에 적용하였다. 침하 위험도 평가를 위한 확산 모델은 매우 간단하지만 효율적인 방법임을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 환경영향평가
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.15-26
• /
• 1998

In order to assess the present status of the fragmentation of ecosystem and the building of ecological corridor, 79 EISs(Environment Impact Statements) which were conducted in Kyunggido and Kangwondo have been reviewed using 36 analysing factor. The results obtained from this study were as follows: a. The most frequently appearing type of ecosystem fragmentation was 'mountain vs. mountain type in topography' and '2 vs. 2 grades in the degree of green naturality.' b. The most frequently listed fauna in EISs included squirrels and wild rabbits for mammals, grass snake and pit viper for reptiles, and tree frog and true tree frog for amphibians. c. Among the EISs for 50 projects, the construction of ecological corridor mentioned in only 4 projects and other structures such as drainage duct and closed conduit in 14 projects were suggested as ecological corridor. There were no corridors suggested in 32 projects. Thus, in case of using other structures for wildlife animals but ecological corridors, it should be accompanied by incidental facilities for including animal movement.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
• /
• 제32권6호
• /
• pp.27-40
• /
• 2016

기존의 강우에 의한 사면붕괴 기준들은 지형학적 특성, 임상특성, 불포화 지반 조건 등을 반영하지 않아 사면 파괴 예측 지표로 활용하기에는 많은 문제점을 가지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 강우패턴, 지형학적 특성(경사, 토심), 공학적 특성(불포화 지반 특성), 임상특성(식생 뿌리에 의한 영향, 수목하중) 등을 반영할 수 있는 불포화 사면 안정성 해석 방법을 제안하였다. 뿌리보강과 수목하중을 고려하지 않는 사면의 안전율 평가는 안전율을 과다 평가하는 것으로 나타났다. 제안된 안정성 해석 방법에 의하여 강우에 의한 불포화사면의 안전율에 대한 데이터베이스를 구축하고, 이를 GIS와 연계하여 울주군 산사태위험 지정지역에 적용하여 강우에 대한 사면 위험성을 정량적으로 분석하였다. 산사태위험지역은 강우에 의한 사면의 안전율이 낮거나, 대부분 안전율 감소가 급격하게 발생한 지점의 하류에 위치하고 있음을 알 수 있다.