• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.69 no.2
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• pp.177-191
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• 2019

The local topography has a significant effect on the characteristics of seismic ground motion. This paper investigates the influence of topographic effects on the seismic response of a train-bridge system. A 3-D finite element model with local absorbing boundary conditions is established for the local site. The time histories of seismic ground motion are converted into equivalent loads on the artificial boundary, to obtain the seismic input at the bridge supports. The analysis of the train-bridge system subjected to multi-support seismic excitations is performed, by applying the displacement time histories of the seismic ground motion to the bridge supports. In a case study considering a bridge with a span of 466 m crossing a valley, the seismic response of the train-bridge system is analyzed. The results show that the local topography and the incident angle of seismic waves have a significant effect on the seismic response of the train-bridge system. Leaving these effects out of consideration may lead to unsafe analysis results.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.37 no.5_1
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• pp.1043-1059
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• 2021

Forest and agricultural land are very important factors in the environmental ecosystem and securing food resources. Forest and agricultural land should be monitored regularly. CAS500-4 data are expected to be effectively used as a supplement of monitoring forest and agricultural land. Prior to the launch of the CAS500-4, the relative canopy height error analysis of the digital elevation model on South Korea was performed to determine the vertical target accuracy. Especially, by considering area of interest of the CAS500-4 (mountainous or agricultural area), it is conducted that vertical error analysis according to the slope and canopy. For Gongju, Jeju, and Samcheok, the average root mean squared differences were calculated compared to the drone LiDAR digitalsurface models, which were filmed in autumn and winter and the 5 m digital elevation model from the National Geographic Information Institute. As a result, the Shuttle radar topography mission digital elevation model showed a root mean squared differences of about 8.35, 8.19, and 7.49 m, respectively, while the Copernicus digital elevation model showed a root mean squared differences of about 5.65, 6.73, and 7.39 m, respectively. In addition, the root mean squared difference of shuttle radar topography mission digital elevation model and the Copernicus digital elevation model according to the slope angle were estimated on South Korea compared to the 5 m digital elevation model from the National Geographic Information Institute. At the slope angle of between 0° to 5°, root mean squared differences of the Shuttle radar topography mission digital elevation model and the Copernicus digital elevation model showed 3.62 and 2.52 m, respectively. On the other hands root mean squared differences of the Shuttle radar topography mission digital elevation model and the Copernicus digital elevation model respectively showed about 10.16 and 11.62 m at the slope angle of 35° or higher.

• International Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology Speciallssue:Selected Papers
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.22-29
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• 2003

This research aims at investigation of accuracy potential of RTK(Real-Time Kinematic) GPS in combination with Echo Sounder(E/S) for the coastal mapping. Apart from this purpose, the accuracy of ambiguity resolution with the OTF(On The Fly) method was tested with respect to the initialization time. The result shows that the accuracy is better than 1cm with 5-minute initialization in the distance of 10km baseline. The seaside topography was measured by the RTK GPS only, on the other hand the seafloor topography was surveyed in combination of RTK GPS and E/S. Comparing to the volume of seaside measured by RTK GPS and digital topographical map, the difference of only 2% was achieved. This indicates that the coastal mapping. As a result, it has been revealed that every possible noise in surveying could be corrected and the accuracy could be improved. The accuracy of GPS data acquired in real time was as good as that acquired by post processing. It is expected that it will be useful for the analysis of coastal geographic characteristics because DTM(Digital Terrain Model) can be also constructed for the harbor reclamation, the dredging, and the variation of soil movement in a river.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.245-250
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• 2009

We propose a digital holographic interference analysis method based on a 2-frame phase-shifting technique for measuring an optical mirror surface. The technique using 2-frame phase-shifting digital interferometry is more efficient than multi-frame phase-shifting techniques because the 2-frame method has the advantage of a reduced number of interferograms, and then takes less time to acquire the wanted topography information from interferograms. In this measurement system, 2-frame phase-shifting digital interferograms are acquired by moving the reference flat mirror surface, which is attached to a piezoelectric transducer, with phase step of 0 or $\pi$/2 in the reference beam path. The measurements are recorded on a CCD detector. The optical interferometry is designed on the basis of polarization characteristics of a polarizing beam splitter. Therefore the noise from outside turbulence can be decreased. The proposed 2-frame algorithm uses the relative phase difference of the neighbor pixels. The experiment has been carried out on an optical mirror which flatness is less than $\lambda$/4. The measurement of the optical mirror surface topography using 2-frame phase-shifting interferometry shows that the peak-to-peak value is calculated to be about $0.1779{\mu}m$, the root-mean-square value is about $0.034{\mu}m$. Thus, the proposed method is expected to be used in nondestructive testing of optical components.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Clinical Electrophysiology
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.51-64
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• 2004

This study understood measured items of significantly difference through the surface topographical comparison of dorsal trunk's surface between normal and scoliosis subjects. 300 subjects for this study were participated (middle, high school and college students). Normal 28(males 12, females 16) and scoliosis subjects 16(males 4, females 12) were chosen by assessment tools (physical examination, 3D-surface topography) among subjects at Dongshin University Oriental Hospital. The results were as follow: 1. It was shown that the significantly difference was observed by distance of peak to curve with scoliosis between two groups(p<0.001). 2. It was shown that top difference of between groups in anterior-posterior view was the significantly difference at cervicothoracic, thoracic, thoracolumbar and dorsal part of lumbar(p<0.001). These results suggest that method to use 3D-surface topography measurement would be useful diagnosis method and clinical use of physical therapy.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.17 no.3 s.52
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• pp.13-20
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• 2003

This research aims at investigation of accuracy potential of RTK(Real-Time Kinematic) GPS in combination with Echo Sounder(E/S) for the coastal mapping. Apart from this purpose, the accuracy of ambiguity resolution with the OTF(On The Fly) method was tested with respect to the initialization time. The result shows that the accuracy is better than 1cm with 5-minute initialization in the distance of 10km baseline. The seaside topography was measured by the RTK GPS only, on the other hand the seafloor topography was surveyed in combination of RTK GPS and E/S. Comparing to the volume of seaside measured by RTK GPS and digital topographical map, the difference of only $2\%$ was achieved. This indicates that the coastal mapping. As a result, it has been revealed that every possible noise in surveying could be corrected and the accuracy could be improved. The accuracy of GPS data acquired in real time was as good as that acquired by post processing. It is expected that it will be useful for the analysis of coastal geographic characteristics because DTM(Digital Terrain Model) can be also constructed for the harbor reclamation, the dredging, and the variation of soil movement in a river.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.55 no.10
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• pp.811-821
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• 2022

Accuracy of a numerical model with the Hwang's scheme of directly analyzing discontinuous topography could be enhanced by introducing a flux correction coefficient that accounted for the deviation of actual pressure from hydrostatic distribution acting on the front of discontinuous topography. The optimal coefficient was determined from 218 experimental runs for square-edged broad-crested weir and simulation with it showed good agreement with another two square-edged broad-crested weir experiments and an unsteady side-weir experiment. This enabled accurate numerical simulation of shallow-water flow over the discontinuous river structure, such as square-edged broad-crested weir, without alleviating discontinuous topography with refined meshes or imposing internal boundary conditions.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.5207-5215
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• 2010

Selecting proper location for complex facility with special purpose need comprehensive consideration on the condition and surrounding environment. Especially, in case of living space for human, lighting, ventilation, efficiency in land use, etc. are important elements. Diverse 3D analysis through 3D topography modeling and virtual simulation is necessary for this. Now, it can be processed with relatively inexpensive cost since high resolution satellite image essential in topography modeling is provided with domestic technology through Arirang No. 2 satellite (KOMPSAT2). In this study, several candidate sites is selected for complex planning with special purpose and analysis on proper location was performed using the 3D topography modeling and land information. For this, land analysis, land price calculation, slope analysis and aspect analysis have been carried out. As a result of arranging the evaluation index for each candidate site and attempting the quantitative evaluation, proper location could be selected efficiently and reasonably.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.157-164
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• 1999

This study focused on the method of interpreting Moire's topography. There has been no standard of interpretation which informed, this study, The conclusions arc as follows: Miore's image closed contour lines which is consisted of points. These points in one contour have the same distances from the screen to the patient's back. Moire's index means the number of contour gaps from symmetrical point of a specific point with the axis of central line. The number of contours which pass the median line means the degree of antero-posterior curvature.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.106-113
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• 2000

Effects of surface roughness on bearing performances are investigated numerically in this study, especially for the parallel thrust bearing. Although mating surfaces are parallel and separated by thin fluid film, the pressure distribution is formed due to asperities. Model surface is generated numerically with given autocorrelation function and some surface profile parameters. Then the average Reynolds equation is applied to predict the effects of surface roughness between hydrodynamic and mixed lubrication regimes. In this equation, flow factors are defined as correction terms to smooth out high frequency surface roughness. The correlation length is proposed to get the minimum load for the parallel thrust bearing for various sliding conditions.