• Atmosphere
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.577-589
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• 2015

An unusual long-period and heavy snowfall occurred in the Yeongdong region from 6 to 14 February 2014. This event produced snowfall total of 194.8 cm and the recordbreaking 9-day snowfall duration in the 103-year local record at Gangneung. In this study, satellite-derived cloud-top brightness temperatures from the infrared channel in the atmospheric window ($10{\mu}m{\sim}11{\mu}m$) are examined to find out the characteristics of clouds related with this heavy snowfall event. The analysis results reveal that a majority of precipitation is related with the low-level stratiform clouds whose cloud-top brightness temperatures are distributed from -15 to $-20^{\circ}C$ and their standard deviations over the analysis domain (${\sim}1,000km^2$, 37 satellite pixels) are less than $2^{\circ}C$. It is also found that in the above temperature range precipitation intensity tends to increase with colder temperature. When the temperatures are warmer than $-15^{\circ}C$, there is no precipitation or light precipitation. Furthermore this relation is confirmed from the examination of some other heavy snowfall events and light precipitation events which are related with the low-level stratiform clouds. This precipitation-brightness temperature relation may be explained by the combined effect of ice crystal growth processes: the maximum in dendritic ice-crystal growth occurs at about $-15^{\circ}C$ and the activation of ice nuclei begins below temperatures from approximately -7 to $-16^{\circ}C$, depending on the composition of the ice nuclei.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.521-522
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• 2006

This paper presents behavioral models using SIMULINK and Verilog-a for a PLL based fractional-N frequency synthesizer. The SIMULINK modeling was built in the frequency-time mixed domain whereas the Verilog-a modeling was built purely in the time domain. The simulated results of the two models were verified to show the same performance within the error tolerance. This top-down design method can provide the readiness for the transistor-level design.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.85-105
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• 1994

As an exploratory attempt, this study examined the correlates of different strategic groups in the Korean health food industry. Many prior studies believe that different entry mode such as entry timing and patterns, and different cognitive structure of top managers lead to the formation of different strategic groups in the same industry. Different strategic groups with different sources or mobility barriers are also expected to produce different level of economic performance. Multivariate statistical analyses of data from 32 firms in the Korean health food industry revealed the following results. i) There are four different strategic groups with different levels of mobility barriers in terms of firm size, scope of product/market domain, degree of forward and backward integration. ii) Differences in both entry timing and environmental perception of top managers are associated with different stratetic groups. However, the patterns of entry are not significantly different among four strategic groups. iii) Four strategic groups exhibit different level of economic performance in terms of sales growth rate and return on investment. Finally, this study tried to identify commonalities and differences among various strategic groups found in several industries in Korea. The results offered some implications to search for developing a useful theory of strategic groups in Korea.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.393-418
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• 2016

Theory and fundamentals of mathematics consist mostly of proposition form. Activities by research of the proposition which leads to determine the true or false, justify the true propositions and refute with counterexample improve logical reasoning skills of students in emphases on mathematics education. Also, utilizing of counterexamples in school mathematics combines mathematical knowledge through the process of finding a counterexample, help the concept study and increase the critical thinking. These effects have been found through previous research. But many studies say that the learners have difficulty in generating counterexamples for false propositions and materials have not been developed a lot for the counterexample utilizing that can be applied in schools. So, this study analyzed the current textbook and examined the use of counterexamples and developed educational materials for counterexamples that can be applied at schools. That materials consisted of making true & false propositions and students was divided into three groups of academic achievement level. And then this study looked at the change of the students' thinking after counterexample classes. As a study result, in all three groups was showed a positive change in the cognitive domain and affective domain. Especially, in top-level group was mainly showed a positive change in the cognitive domain, in upper-middle group was mainly showed in the cognitive and the affective domain, in the sub-group was mainly found a positive change in the affective domain. Also in this study shows that the class that makes true or false propositions in education of utilizing counterexample, made students understand a given proposition, pay attention to easily overlooked condition, carefully observe symbol sign and change thinking of cognitive domain helping concept learning regardless of academic achievement levels of learners. Also, that class gave positive affect to affective domain that increase interest in the proposition and gain confidence about proposition.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.27-34
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• 2016

The referents of internet addresses are no longer limited to web sites. A new address service by the international organization for the internet address (ICANN) introduces an open space for the TLD (Top Level Domain) strings so that each service, content, product, and other linguistic expressions may be allowed. The open TLD addresses are more suitable for representing the address of service units, contents, or products. In this paper, as an alternative to static Internet address service to return a consistent mapping result regardless of a user-specific different requirements, we design a dynamic internet address mapping model that returns mapping result to suit user particular requirements. In addition, we propose a method for implementing a internet address service without any changes in the existing domain protocols. It may implement a dynamic internet address by attaching to a encoded user's metadata and environment data within a internet address representation, and adding the module for dynamic mapping to the name servers. Through this proposal, trying to expand the functions of internet address, it is expected to be able to provide customized informaiton retrieval services for each user by using just internet address.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.58-69
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• 2023

Cyberspace is emerging as a critical domain requiring national-level governance and international cooperation owing to its potential financial and societal impacts. This research aims to investigate the cybersecurity policies from major countries for understanding with comprehensive perspectives. Global trends emphasize a comprehensive command-centered approach, with top leadership directing cybersecurity policies. Key policy areas include security across technology ecosystems, protection of critical infrastructure, and software supply chain security. Investment is being focused on zero-trust architectures, software bills, and new technologies like artificial intelligence. For countries like Korea, immediate response and adaptation to these trends are crucial to develop and enforce national cybersecurity policies.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.103-112
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• 2018

In this paper, we propose a method of recognizing emotions using PPG sensor which measures blood flow according to emotion. From the existing PPG signal, we use a method of determining positive emotions and negative emotions in the frequency domain through PSD (Power Spectrum Density). Based on James R. Russell's two-dimensional prototype model, we classify emotions as joy, sadness, irritability, and calmness and examine their association with the magnitude of energy in the frequency domain. It is significant that this study used the same PPG sensor used in wearable devices to measure the top four kinds of emotions in the frequency domain through image experiments. Through the questionnaire, the accuracy, the immersion level according to the individual, the emotional change, and the biofeedback for the image were collected. The proposed method is expected to be various development such as commercial application service using PPG and mobile application prediction service by merging with context information of existing smart phone.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.167-187
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• 2007

As Korea has reached a free trade agreement with the United States of America, it is required to provide an appropriate procedure to ".kr" domain name disputes based on the principles established in the Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy(UDRP). Currently, Internet address Dispute Resolution Committee(IDRC) established under Article 16 of the Act on Internet Address Resources provides the dispute resolution proceedings to resolve ".kr" domain name disputes. While the IDRC's proceeding is similar to the UDRP administrative proceeding in procedural aspects, the Domain Name Dispute Mediation Policy that is established by the IDRC and that applies to disputes involving ".kr" domain names is very different from the UDRP for generic Top Level Domain (gTLD) in substantial aspects. Under the Korea-U.S. Free Trade Agreement(KORUS FTA), it is expected that either the Domain Name Dispute Mediation Policy to be amended to adopt the UDRP or the IDRC to examine the Domain Name Dispute Mediation Policy in order to harmonize it with the principles established in the UDRP. It is a common practice of cybersquatters to warehouse a number of domain names without any active use of these domain names after their registration. The Domain Name Dispute Mediation Policy provides that the complainant may request to transfer or delete the registration of the disputed domain name if the registrant registered, holds or uses the disputed domain name in bad faith. This provision lifts the complainant's burden of proof to show the respondent's bad faith because the complainant is only required to prove one of the three bad faiths which are registration in bad faith, holding in bad faith, or use in bad faith. The aforementioned resolution procedure is different from the UDRP regime which requires the complainant, in compliance with paragraph 4(b) of the UDRP, to prove that the disputed domain name has been registered in bad faith and is being used in bad faith. Therefore, the complainant carries heavy burden of proof under the UDRP. The IDRC should deny the complaint if the respondent has legitimate rights or interests in the domain names. Under the UDRP, the complainant must show that the respondent has no rights or legitimate interests in the disputed domain name. The UDRP sets out three illustrative circumstances, any one of which if proved by the respondent, shall be evidence of the respondent's rights to or legitimate interests in the domain name. As the Domain Name Dispute Mediation Policy provides only a general provision regarding the respondent's legitimate rights or interests, the respondent can be placed in a very week foundation to be protected under the Policy. It is therefore recommended for the IDRC to adopt the three UDRP circumstances to guide how the respondent can demonstrate his/her legitimate rights or interests in the disputed domain name. In accordance with the KORUS FTA, the Korean Government is required to provide online publication to a reliable and accurate database of contact information concerning domain name registrants. Cybersquatters often provide inaccurate contact information or willfully conceal their identity to avoid objection by trademark owners. It may cause unnecessary and unwarranted delay of the administrative proceedings. The respondent may loss the opportunity to assert his/her rights or legitimate interests in the domain name due to inability to submit the response effectively and timely. The respondent could breach a registration agreement with a registrar which requires the registrant to submit and update accurate contact information. The respondent who is reluctant to disclose his/her contact information on the Internet citing for privacy rights and protection. This is however debatable as the respondent may use the proxy registration service provided by the registrar to protect the respondent's privacy.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.36 no.2 s.68
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• pp.53-69
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• 2005

The recent emergence of electronic commerce could provide different opportunities to small firms in overcoming part of their technological, environmental, organizational, and managerial inadequacies. However, recent research provided a gloomy picture about electronic commerce uptake and use in small firms. Until now few small flrms adopted electronic commerce. This phenomenon gives us several implications. One of the implications is a need to generate more research to small firms' uptake and use of electronic commerce. So, this research aims at what is determinants in small firms' adoption of electronic commerce, especially business - to - business(B2B). Several previous studies were identified various influential variables in adoption of small firms' electronic commerce. To some extent, by industries these variables may be different in influencing B2B adoption of small firms. This study selected fishery industry's wholesale firms as survey domain. Then, It selected some variables from previous studios and group them in several factors for consistently comparing variable's influential power. Through hierarchical influencing model of B2B adoption, managers who worked for fishery wholesale firms were surveyed. Among the first level's factors of the model, business factor was identified as the statistically most influential factor in B2B adoption. Technological factor and environmental factor at the frist level were identified as relatively less influential factors. Among the second level's factors of the model, it was statistically significant only that technological usefulness factor was more influential than technological burden factor in B2B adoption. And among the third level's factors of the model, it was identified that formal plan and task team for B2B, top management support, and mutual beliefs of inter - firms were statistically more influential than related variables in B2B adoption. These results give us some implications. First, fishery wholesale firms recognized B2B as a new business paradigm, and technological problems as not obstacles in adopting B2B. Thus it would be possible to activate the fishery B2B if they were guided to getting B2B benefits and B2B's relative advantages. Second, they considered the power of influential factors might be different by B2B stages. That is, top management support was more important in the B2B introduction stage, and formal plan and task team for B2B and mutual beliefs of inter - firms were more important in the B2B operation stage.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.46 no.8
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• pp.59-66
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• 2009

Recently, as the expectation about the IPTV (Internet Protocol TV) service quality is rapidly increased by the development of the national high-speed internet and TPS (the Triple Play Service : data + image + audio) service Therefore, the enactment of the national quality standards about the IPTV service quality guaranteeing the real time video quality of a subscriber and the international standards are hastily needed. This paper built a test bed with the network domain and the subscriber set-top box domain including the headend area and commercial network characteristic in order to test in the environment which is similar to the characteristic of the service business network. And by using the constructed environment, the characteristics required for SLA(service Level Agreement) of the IPTV service are presented as the quality test according to the service environment change.