• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.3-20
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• 2022

The origins of the world-recognized Korean gat can be traced back to Gojoseon, and the jades for the sangtu and gwanja come from Hongshan culture. This study examines the etymology of the hat, the symbolism of the gat and the jade comb, and the history of the development of the accessories for the hat. The research methods of literature review, investigation of relics and murals, and analysis of cases of pronunciation changes were used. Most of the relics excavated from the Hongshan are identical to those excavated from Korea. The Byun-Khan people wore a triangle-shaped conical hat (the byun), which was shaped to fit the protruding sangtu hairstyle, with a foldable brim that, if pulled downward, changed the hat to a gat. The Chu sangtu, a pointed top-knot hairstyle, is uniquely found among Northeast Asian peoples, and it is an ethnic symbol for Koreans. Until the modern period, many Koreans wore their hair in the sangtu style, indicating their descent from the sky. Jade combs shaped like birds and clouds from the Hongshan period emphasized the religious nature and ceremony of hair styling at that period. The word hat is widely used to refer to gat all over the world. The pronunciation of ㄱg, ㅎh. and ㅋq/kh are closely related to each other, and the ancient pronunciation ㄱg gradually evolved to ㅎh or ㅋq/kh. The English 'Hat' and Korean 'Gat' were transformed from the middle-ancient sound 'gasa > gosa > got' of the crown 'gwan, gokkal'. This creative hair style culture that started from the Hongshan culture continued to be fashionable during the Gojoseon Dangun period, and the decoration techniques for hats and accessories were inherited over time and continuously developed. Along with the method of making gat, creative hair-related parts, such as manggeons, donggot pins, gwanja buttons, and fine combs were developed over the course of a thousand years.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.63 no.8
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• pp.58-75
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• 2013

Steampunk is a term generally used for one of the S. F. subgenre in literature, arts, fashion styles, and lifestyles. This study clarifies formative characteristics as well as the meanings of steampunk fashion style based on its attributes in movies and animations. Attributes of the steampunk are blending time, blending technology, and introspection against science development. In order to have an objective research, this study researched frequency of the fashion item, color, accessory of the collected fashion image, and after interpreted that consequence. Men's steampunk fashion was composed of men's basic outfit such as shirts, vest, jacket, pants, and coats of the 19th century. Black color took up the largest proportion for color. In accessory, top hat, goggle, and steam-powered weapons, in order, were most commonly used. Women's steampunk fashion was composed of shirts and long one-piece dresses, long skirt simply applied 19th victorian style fashion. Yellow, brown, and black color took up the largest proportion of fashion color. In accessory, top hat, belt trimming, corset, and boots, in order, were most commonly used. It is the characteristics of the steampunk fashion that represents retro-future fashion, as it features steam-powered mechanic esthetics, a kind of DIY subculture and transcending division of nationality, class, and gender.

• Korean Journal of Geomatics
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.67-72
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• 2003

We have seen rapid changes in road systems and networks in urban areas due to fast urbanization and increased traffic demands. As a result, many researchers have put greater importance on extraction, correction and updating of information about road systems. Also, by using the various data on road systems and its condition, we can manage our road more efficiently and economically. Furthermore, such information can be used as input for digital map and GIS analysis. In this research, we used a high resolution aerial photo of the roads in Seongnam area. First, we applied the top-hat filter to the area of interest so that the road markings could be extracted in an efficient manner. The lane separation lines were selected, considering the shape similarity between the selected lane separation line and reference data. Next, we extracted the roads in the urban area using the aforementioned road marking. Using this technique, we could easily extract roads in urban area in semi-automatic way.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.57-63
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• 2003

Accurate forecasting of occurrence time and abundance of insect pests is essential for developing technology of integrated pest management system. Digital image processing algorithms were utilized to automatically recognize rice planthoppers which are major insect pests in the rice cultivation field and were subsequently used to estimate densities in the field for efficient forecasting of insect pests. To the images taken in the rice field, image decomposition, top-hat transformation, threshold, and minimum and maximum filter were implemented for patterning individually the brown planthopper specimens attached at the bottom area of rice stems. In average 95.8cio of images were correctly recognized for estimating densities by the developed system, and the recognition rate was higher than that obtained from direct observations by experienced observers. Furthermore, the size of the recognized specimens was measured and was used for estimating the age structure in the observed brown planthopper populations.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.1082-1088
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• 2009

Fundus images are highly useful in evaluating patients' retinal conditions in diagnosing eye diseases. In particular, vessel regions are essential in diagnosing diabetes and hypertension. In this paper, we used top-hat filter to compensate for non-uniform background. Image contrast was enhanced by using contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) method. Hessian matrix was next applied to detect vessel regions. Results indicate that our method is 1.3% more accurate than matched filter method. Our proposed method is expected to contribute to diagnosing eye diseases.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Advanced Composite Structures
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.17-22
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• 2015

In this paper, we study the calculation for the fracture area of the composite material specimens using digital image processing techniques. This study was able to calculate the area of the fracture region through the main operation step 7 on the basis of improved image. To extract the area in the original image, we have to use opening operation, close operation, the Hit-or-Miss operation and Bottom hat filter, Top hat filter, etc. In particular, to extract the area of the composite specimen discussed in this study, we have to use the combination of the operations and filters because it is non-isotropic material, or should develop a new algorithm based on it.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1991.10b
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• pp.1752-1757
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• 1991

This paper presents a new method for detecting microcalcifications on mammograms by using morphological filter. This filter is an extension of Top-hat transformation in morphological operations with multi-scale and multiple structuring elements. The proposed method makes it possible to detect geometrical structures considered to be microcalcifications on the basis of their size, shape and density. Experimental results to show the effectiveness of the proposed method are also presented.

• Bulletin of the Korean Space Science Society
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.53-53
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• 2000

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.737-742
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• 1997

In this paper the effect of tie wire in lap spliced bars is investigated by experiment. The variables considered in the beam behaviors are beam dimension, lapped splice length and numbers of tie wire. 3 test pieces having the same variables consist one series and a total of 6 series ar tested. The test results show the beam behavior is not affected by numbers of tie wire but by the manner of tie. It was revealed hat the load bearing capacity of the beam is increased when the tie wire is extended to top bar.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.907-911
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• 2000

타포린 제조 공정에서 함침의 발생 여부를 검사하는 것은 동 업계의 중요한 문제이다. 본 논문에서는 모폴로지를 사용한 함침 검사를 수행하였다. 모폴로지를 이용한 변환들 중의 하나인 Top hat 변환을 사용하였으며, 이 변환은 완만하게 불균일한 배경에서 급격한 변화를 가지는 물체를 추출하는데 탁월한 성능을 가진다. 이를 사용한 결과, 250dpi 영상에서 0.2mm 이상 크기의 함침을 검출할 수 있었다.