• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.1496-1503
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• 2005

This study aims to define the relationship between brain and heart through several literatures about oriental medicine and the conclusions are as follows. Heart in oriental medicine is called as Sinmyeongjishim(神明之心) which has a close connection with Mind, Consciousness, Emotion, and Physiological instinct of Drain in modern medicine. According to Oriental medicine, Brain stores Wonsin(元神) as Heart stores mind(神). Heart is where mind rests whereas Brain is where mind reveals. The external evidences that prove the relationship of Heart and Mind are as follows: First, with ears, eyes, mouth, and nose the subject of cognition is recognized as Sinmyeongjishim(神明之心). Second, Bulin(不仁), which means decreased movement power and sensibility of limbs, proves that Sinmyeongjishim(神明之心) is involved with movement power and sensibility of limbs. The physiological evidences that prove the relationship of Heart and Mind are as follows; First, Heart as the operation of Sinmyeongjishim(神明之心) manages language. Second, Heart is related with Tongue. Third, Heart is linked to Ears through the ear hole. Fourth, Heart is a store of Mind. Fifth, the five viscera control emotional and psychological activities. The pathological evidence of the relationship of Heart and Mind is that the symptoms of heart disease which are related to Sinmyeongjishim(神明之心) are also related to the functions of Brain. Though Brain has a close connection with Heart in oriental medicine, it is recognized that there are distinctive symptoms of disease of Brain and Hyeolyookjishim(血肉之心) respectively. The relationship of Heart and Brain has been researched in this study, even though there are not enough written materials about oriental medicine. But the fact that the majority of Heart operation is deeply connected with Brain activities cannot be denied. Therefore the research of Heart should be done as well as Brain in the clinical study of Brain.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.43-52
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• 2019

Background: The mid-term performance of clinical linear accelerator (LINAC) during volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) treatment period is not performed in clinical practice and usually replaced with one-time plan quality assurance (QA). In this research we aim to monitor daily reproducibility of VMAT delivery from tracking individual leaf movement error and dosimetric error to evaluate the mid-term quality of the machine used. Materials and Methods: First, multileaf collimator (MLC) information was imported into MATLAB program to determine which of the MLC leaves in the leaf bank had the maximum RMS position error (maxRMS). We estimated where the maximum positional errors (maxPE) of the chosen leaf occur along its path length and tracked its daily variations over the entire treatment period. Secondly, picture information of dosimetric error from portal dosimetry was imported into MATLAB where representative high gamma index region (HGR) was determined as HGR with length of > 1 cm and their centers were daily tracked. Results and Discussion: The maxPEs in the brain and tongue cases were distributed broader than in other cases, but all data were found located within ${\pm}0.5mm$. From first day to last day all of five cases show the similar visual pattern of HGRs and Centers of the longest HGRs remained within ${\pm}1mm$ of that in first day. These findings prove excellent mid-term performance of the LINAC used in VMAT treatments over a full course of treatment. Conclusion: Tracking the daily location changes of leaf movement and dosimetric error can be a good indicator of predicting the daily quality like stability and reproducibility of beam delivering in VMAT treatment.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.139-159
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• 1999

The purposes of this study are two-folds: to find out the acoustic features of Korean stops in various utterance positions and their influence on the neighbouring segments. Korean stops($/p,\;p',\;p^{h};\;t,\;t',\;t^{h};\;k,\;k',\;k^{h}/$) are examined from CV, $V_1CV_2,\;V_1NCV_2,\;V_1LCV_2$ sequences. Three speakers (two male and one female speakers of Seoul dialect) served as subjects for the present study. VOT, closure duration of the target stops and duration of the neighbouring segments were measured from acoustic data. The results can be summarized as follows. First, stops show different temporal aspects depending on their place of articulation as well as their voice types. Velar stops tend to have shorter closure duration and longer VOT due to relatively slower movement of the articulator (i.e. tongue body) and higher supraglottal air pressure during the closure, respectively. Second, temporal aspects of the neighbouring segments appear to be influenced by the voice type of stop. The preceding segment tends to be longer when a stop has shorter duration. On the other hand, the following segment tends to be shorter, when a stop has longer VOT.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.47-51
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• 2018

Thyroglossal duct cyst is most common type of congenital cervical tumor. The suprahyoid thyroglossal duct cyst is a subtype of thyroglossal duct cyst and has different clinical characteristics. This subtype shows recurrent submental swelling and no tumor movement during swallowing or tongue protrusion. Because of these clinical differences, it is important to consider the possibility of thyroglossal duct cyst of in diagnosis and surgery of submental tumor. Recently, we have experienced two cases of suprahyoid type thyroglossal duct cyst with submental swelling and treated successfully by Sistrunk's operation.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.421-427
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• 2009

Oromandibular dystonia is a focal neurological movement disorder characterized by involuntary sustained and often painful muscle contraction, usually producing repetitive movements or abnormal positions of the mouth, jaw and.or tongue. Patients suffering from oromandibular dystonia often experience difficulties in chewing, swallowing and speaking, resulting from the impairment of mandibular movements. At present there is no etiologic treatment for oromandibular dystonia, because the pathophysiology of primary and focal dystonia is still incompletely understood. Many treatments such as medication, behavioral therapy, surgery are suggested to decrease the involuntary movements. But these success rates are relatively low and they have a lot of complications. many studies suggested that chemodenervation with botulinum toxin is the most effective treatment for oromandibular dystonia. We reported the 2 cases which were treated oromandibular dystonia with botulinum toxin and reviewed the orofacial movement disorders(especially oromandibular dystonia) and botulinum toxin treatment for oromanfibular dystonia.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 2021

Introduction : OMFT is a therapeutic technique based on sensorimotor, motor control and motor learning, and its major goal is to improve oral motor function. The oral motor conceptual hierarchical development is divided into 5 steps: 1) sensorimotor, 2) movement integration, 3) structural movement, 4) functional oral motor, and 5) comprehensive oral motor. Discussion : The OMFT consists of 3 techniques, 10 categories, and 50 sub-item. 1) Warming up technique: 2 categories, 12 sub-item, warming up by sensory awareness and adaptation, therapy situation adaptation, neck movement; 2) Key point technique: 7 categories, 30 sub-item, oral motor facilitation and increasing chewing skill by direct stroke of oral structures such as the face, lips, cheeks, gum, jaws, and tongue; 3) Application technique: 1 category, 8 sub-item, facilitate food intake and swallowing. Conclusion : The goal of this article is to introduce 3 techniques, 50 sub-item of OMFT, as a comprehensive oral motor therapy method, for application to clients. This article provides information that will help oral motor specialists in treating clients with oral motor problems more effectively and professionally.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.837-842
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• 1998

Rett syndrome is a progressive neurological disorder that occurs exclusively in females. The syndrome is characterized by regression of language, motor development, and stereotypic hand movement. Autistic behavior, breathing irregularities, gait dyspraxia, scoliosis, and seizure are also accompanied. The cause of Rett syndrome is unknown, however, it is believed that the X-chromosome might playa significant role in the development of the syndrome. Patients with this syndrome have unusual oral and/or digital habits such as abnormal chewing pattern, bruxism, hypersalivation, micrognathia, high vaulted palate, tongue protrusion with lower posture of tongue, hand biting, digit-hand sucking. Dentists who are aware of distinct manifestations of Rett syndrome will be able to aid in early diagnosis and treatment of the syndrome. Prior to dental treatment for a patient with the Rett syndrome under sedation or general anesthesia, one should assess the degree of hypersalivation, apnea, severity of autism, expected life span. Early recognition of the syndrome and also dental treatment with established strict preventive guidelines for patients with the Rett syndrome may obviate the necessity of sedation or general anesthesia. Two cases with the Rett syndome were reported. Both patients had most of the above mentioned typical manifestations of the syndrome. Dental treatment for the case 1(8-year-old) including caries control, stainless steel crown, sealant application was performed under general anesthesia. The case 2 could not be undergone the dental treatment due to poor general conditions.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.199-202
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• 2011

Purpose: Hyoid bone is a U-shaped bone in the anterior of the neck. Hyoid bone fractures are exceedingly rare and represent only 0.002% of all fractures because of its protective position relative to the mandible and its suspension by elastic musculature. We report a patient who presented hyoid bone fracture associated with hypoglossal nerve palsy. We also discuss the possible complication and treatment. Methods: A 69-year-old man was transferred from another institution because of persistent purulent discharge from the left chin. He had a history of trauma in which a knuckle crane grabbed his face and neck in the construction site. A CT scan at the time of the accident demonstrated a comminuted fracture of the right side of the mandible and hyoid bone fracture at the junction between body and right greater cornua. The displaced fracture of hyoid bone and fullness in the pre-epiglottic space were noted, probably indicating some edema. The patient was transferred into ICU after treatment of emergency tracheostomy because the patient showed respiratory distress rapidly. When the patient was hospitalized in our emergency room, he complained of dysphagia and pain when swallowing. On examination of oral cavity, the presence of muscle wasting with fasciculation of the tongue was noted and the tongue deviates to the left side on protruding from the mouth. Pharyngolarygoscopy was performed to make sure that there was no evidence of progressive swelling and pharyngeal laceration. Results: The patient underwent surgical removal of dead and infected tissue from the wound and reconstruction of mandibular bony defect by iliac bone grafting. Hyoid bone fracture was managed conservatively with oral analgesics, soft diet and restricted movement. Hypoglossal nerve palsy was resolved within 7 weeks after trauma without complications. Conclusion: Closed hyoid bone fracture is usually uncomplicated and thus it can be treated conservatively. Surgical intervention for hyoid bone fracture is recommended for patient with airway compromise, pharyngeal perforation and painful symptoms which show no response to conservative care. Furthermore, since respiratory distress syndrome may develop quickly, close observation is required. Besides, hypoglossal nerve palsy is a rarely recognized complication of hyoid bone fracture.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.72-80
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• 2011

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to reveal the nutritional status and symptoms related to dysphagia and to identify the information needs of the patient with post-stroke dysphagia for self care. Methods: Fifty one subjects were selected among patients being admitted from 3 tertiary hospitals. Data were collected using questionnaires, interview, and medical record. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics with SPSS. Results: 1) The mean hemoglobin, serum albumin, and hematocrit level of the subjects were $11.2{\pm}1.8g/dL$, $3.2{\pm}0.6g/dL$, and $33.5{\pm}2.3%$, respectively. 2) The most common symptom due to dysphagia was 'slurred speech (86.3%)', followed by 'less flexible in tongue and mouth movement (80.4%)', 'difficulty chewing and swallowing (74.5%)'. 3) The highest score of information needs for patients/caregivers was to know which foods are suitable for dysphagic patients or not ($2.67{\pm}0.48$ of 3.0 score). They also want to know how to swallow safely ($2.65{\pm}0.59$), to administer medication safely ($2.63{\pm}0.59$), and to learn rehabilitative techniques ($2.61{\pm}0.57$). Conclusion: These findings would be useful information for staffs to do multidisciplinary approach and they would be necessary for stroke patients to manage their symptoms.

• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.93-96
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• 2014

Brain disorder disability is assessed when organic brain lesion such as cerebral palsy, traumatic brain injury, or stroke causes physical impairment which limits daily activites substantially according to its level and range of paralysis or the presence of involuntary movement. According to the disabled person welfare law in Korea, grade I brain disorder is assessed when one is in continuous irreversible state of coma without the ability to prolong one's life without other's help. Self-injurious behavior is defined as the non-suicidal intentional or unintentional injury to one's own body which can occur repetitively temporarily or chronically. People with decreased consciousness often exhibit increased self-injurious behavior which is most commonly associated with tongue or lip biting. This report documents a successful self -injurious lip biting treatment of a brain lesion patient within a short time by applying a removable acrylic resin appliance including posterior bite block.