• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권18호
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• pp.7617-7623
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• 2014

Objective: The mechanism of action of fatty acid synthase (FASN) in drug tolerance of breast cancer cells with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) features was investigated. Methods: The breast cancer cell line MCF-7-MEK5 with stably occurring EMT and tumour necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) tolerance was used as the experimental model, whereas MCF-7 acted as the control. Tumour cells were implanted into nude mice for in vivo analysis, and cerulenin was used as a FASN inhibitor. RT-PCR, real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot were employed to detect the expression of FASN, TNFR-1, TNFR-2, Wnt-1, ${\beta}$-catenin and cytC at the RNA and protein levels. Results: Compared with MCF-7, TNFR-1 expression in MCF-7-MEK5 was slightly changed, TNFR-2 was decreased, and FASN, Wnt-1, ${\beta}$-catenin and cytC were increased. The expression of Wnt-1 and ${\beta}$-catenin in MCF-7-MEK5 decreased after cerulenin treatment, whereas cytC expression increased. Conclusions: The important function of FASN in the drug tolerance of breast cancer may be due to the following mechanisms: FASN downregulated TNFR-2 expression through lipid rafts to make the cells less sensitive to TNF-${\alpha}$, and simultaneously activated the Wnt-$1/{\beta}$-catenin signalling pathway. Thus, cytC expression increased, which provided cells with anti-apoptotic capacity and induced drug tolerance.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.109-113
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• 2004

산화스트레스에 내성을 지닌 형질전환 감자 식물체를 개발하기 위하여 산화스트레스에 의해 발현이 강하게 유도되는 SWPA2 프로모터에 CuZnSOD와 APX 유전자가 엽록체에서 동시에 발현되도록 연결한 형질전환 벡터 (pSSA-K)를 제작한 후 Agrobacterium 매개로 형질전환 하였다. 기관 발생 경로에 의해 kanamycin 저항성 식물체를 재분화 시킨후 Southern 분석으로 외래 유전자가 안정적으로 감자 게놈내로 삽입되었음을 확인하였다. 형질전환 감자 식물체의 잎 조직에 10$\mu$M methyl viologen을 처리하여 산화스트레스 내성 검정을 조사한 결과 형질전환체는 MV에 대해 강한 내성을 지님을 확인하였다. 내성을 보인 개체 중에서 환경스트레스에 대한 내성 조사를 위하여 품종별로 2 개체씩 선발하였다. 선발된 식물체는 건조, 고온 등의 여러 가지 환경스트레스 내성검정에 이용될 것이며 향후 복합재해 내성 감자 품종이 개발될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.1189-1198
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• 2021

When performing remote tasks using robots in nuclear power plants, a 3D shape measurement system is advantageous in improving the efficiency of remote operations by easily identifying the current state of the target object for example, size, shape, and distance information. Nuclear power plants have high-radiation and underwater environments therefore the electronic parts that comprise 3D shape measurement systems are prone to degradation and thus cannot be used for a long period of time. Also, given the refraction caused by a medium change in the underwater environment, optical design constraints and calibration methods for them are required. The present study proposed a method for developing an underwater 3D shape measurement system with improved radiation tolerance, which is composed of commercial electric parts and a stereo camera while being capable of easily and readily correcting underwater refraction. In an effort to improve its radiation tolerance, the number of parts that are exposed to a radiation environment was minimized to include only necessary components, such as a line beam laser, a motor to rotate the line beam laser, and a stereo camera. Given that a signal processing circuit and control circuit of the camera is susceptible to radiation, an image sensor and lens of the camera were separated from its main body to improve radiation tolerance. The prototype developed in the present study was made of commercial electric parts, and thus it was possible to improve the overall radiation tolerance at a relatively low cost. Also, it was easy to manufacture because there are few constraints for optical design.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.324-329
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• 2020

Reed (Phragmites spp.) is a rhizomatous plant of the Poaceae family and is known as high tolerant plant to heavy metal contaminants. This plant is widely recognized as a Cd root-accumulator, but improved heavy metal tolerance and uptake capacity are still required for phytoremediation efficiency. To enhance capacity of hyperaccumulator plants, ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) as chemical mutagen has been introduced and applied to remediation approaches. This study aimed to select EMS-mutagenized reeds representing high Cd resistance and large biomass and to investigate their ability of Cd accumulation. After 6 months cultivation of M₂ mutant reeds under Cd stress conditions (up to 1,500 µM), we discovered seven mutant individuals that showed good performances like survivorship, vitality, and high accumulation of Cd, particularly in their roots. Compared to wild type (WT) reeds as control, on average, dry weight of mutant type (MT) reeds was larger by 2 and 1.5 times in roots and shoots, respectively. In addition, these mutant plants accumulated 6 times more Cd, mostly in the roots. In particular, MT8 reeds showed the greatest ability to accumulate Cd. These results suggest that EMS mutagenesis could generate hyperaccumulator plants with enhanced Cd tolerance and biomass, thereby contributing to improvement of phytoremediation efficiency in Cd-contaminated soil or wastewater. Further studies should focus on identifying Cd tolerance mechanisms of such EMS-mutagenized plants, developing techniques for its biomass production, and investigating the practical potential of the EMS mutants for phytoremediation.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2014

Objectives : To prove the channel-tropism theory of herbal medicines on diabetes mellitus as emaciation-thirst disease in Korean Medicine Theory, we investigated the selective therapeutic effects of Mori Cortex Radidus (MCR), Schisandrae Fructus (SF), Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (AR) for the upper emaciation on different organs in high fat and high sucrose (HF/HS) feeding-induced prediabetic mice. Methods : Diabetes in C57BL/6 mice was induced by the administration of high fat (45 kal%) and high sucrose (32 kal%) for 8 weeks, and them treated with each extract at 250 or 500 mg/kg body weight for 4 weeks (once a day). Oral glucose tolerance test and body weight was measured once a week. Insulin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, ${\gamma}GTP$, GOT and GPT were measured in the sera of all mice. Histopathological changes of different organs, lung, heart, pancreas, stomach, liver, and kidney were observed by H&E staining. Results : The results revealed that MCR extract inhibited the impaired glucose tolerance and lung damage, and increased serum insulin levels in HF/HS-induced prediabetic mice. SF extract inhibited the impaired glucose tolerance and lung damage, increased serum insulin levels, and decreased serum triglycerige levels. Meanwhile, AR extract inhibited the impaired glucose tolerance and lung damage, and decreased serum levels of insulin, total cholesterol and triglycerige levels. Conclusions : These results demonstrated that MCR, SF, and AR extract as the upper emaciation herbal medicines were followed their channel-tropism theory like a lung, and may have a selective therapeutic potential for control of diabetic stage.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.71-86
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• 2023

Recently, various geographic information systems have been used based on spatial information of geographic information systems. Accordingly, it is essential to produce a large-scale map as a small-scale map for various uses of spatial information. However, maps currently being produced have inconsistencies between data due to production timing and limitations in expression, and productivity efficiency is greatly reduced due to errors in products or overlapping processes. In order to improve this, various efforts are being made, such as publishing research and reports for automating domestic mapping, but because there is no specific result, it relies on editors to make maps. This is mainly done by hand, so the time required for mapping is excessive, and quality control for each producer is different. In order to solve these problems, technology that can be automatically produced through computer programs is needed. Research has been conducted to apply the rule base to geometric generalization. The algorithm tolerance setting applied to rule-based modeling is a factor that greatly affects the result, and the level of the result changes accordingly. In this paper, we tried to study the effectiveness of mapping according to tolerance setting. To this end, the utility was verified by comparing it with a manually produced map. In addition, the original data and reduction rate were analyzed by applying generalization algorithms and tolerance values. Although there are some differences by region, it was confirmed that the complexity decreased on average. Through this, it is expected to contribute to the use of spatial information-based services by improving tolerances suitable for small-scale mapping regulations in order to secure spatial information data that guarantees consistency and accuracy.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.54-63
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• 2015

골프장이나 잔디 재배지에서 분리된 방선균을 대상으로 잔디병 방제 약제에 대한 약제 반응 조사한 결과 트리아졸계(Triazole) 약제 3종에 대한 반응은 PR 약제의 경우 시험 균주에 가장 영향을 미치지 않았고 다음으로 SR 약제로 나타났다. 반면에 HR 약제에 대하여 모든 균주는 생장하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 스트로빌루린계(Strobilurin) 3종에 대한 반응은 선발된 균주 모두 유사하게 나타났다. CB와 AP 약제 경우 균주의 생장과 포자형성이 잘되었으나 CBA 약제 경우 2배 농도에서 선발된 균주 모두 포자형성이 되지 않았다. 아닐라이드계(Acetanilide) 2종에 대한 반응은 MK 약제보다 KT 약제 잘 생장하였다. 유기유황계(Organosulfur) 2종 대한 약제반응은 AT 약제에서 잘 생장하였으며 ATR 약제에서는 자라지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 카바메이트계(Carbamate) 1종, 유기인계(Organophosphate) 1종과 시아노피롤계(Cyanopyrrole) 1종에 대하여 시험 균주는 생장에 거의 영향을 받지 않는 것으로 나타났으나 퀴논계 + 스트로빌루린계(Quinone + Strobilurin) 혼합제 1종과 이미다졸계 + 트리아졸계(Imidazole + Triazole) 1종에 대하여는 전혀 생장하지 않는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.44-50
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 고지방식이로 비만을 유도한 암컷 백서에게 태음조위탕과 도담탕을 8주 동안 경구 투여하였을 때 에너지와 포도당 대사에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 태음조위탕은 체중과 복부지방에 지방 축적을 나타내는 mesenteric fat과 retroperitoneal fat 양을 감소시키는 경향은 있었지만 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타내지는 않았다. 태음조위탕은 대조군에 비해 식이섭취량을 감소시키는 경향을 나타내었다. 반면에 도담탕은 대조군에 비해 체중과 복부지방을 통계적으로 유의하게 감소시켰으며 이것은 식이 섭취량의 감소에 기인하였다. 에너지 소모량은 고지방식이군과 저지방식이군에 차이가 없었고 태음조위탕과 도담탕도 에너지 소모량에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 그러나 에너지원으로 지방을 사용하는 것은 도담탕이 대조군에 비해 높았다. 고지방식이에서는 체내 인슐린 저항성을 나타내는 $HOMA_{IR}$의 값이 높았고, 도담탕은 이것을 통계적으로 유의적으로 낮추었다. 또한, 간에 저장된 글리코겐양도 도담탕을 섭취한 백서에서 가장 많았고, 반면에 간에 저장된 중성 지방 함량은 가장 낮았다. 결론적으로 고지방을 장기간 투여한 암컷 백서에서 체내 에너지와 포도당 대사에 장애가 나타났으며, 태음조위탕과 도담탕이 모두 이러한 장애를 해소하는 경향이 있었으나 도담탕이 효과적으로 에너지와 포도당 대사를 정상화시켰다. 그러므로 비만인 사람에게서 효과적으로 에너지와 포도당 대사를 정상화시킬 수 있는 지에 대한 인체 실험을 하는 것이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.461-468
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• 2005

This paper proposes a wheel-assembly automation system, which assembles a wheel into a hub of a vehicle hung to a moving hanger in a car manufacturing line. A macro-micro manipulator control strategy is introduced to increase the system bandwidth and tracking accuracy to ensure insertion tolerance. A camera is equipped at the newly designed wheel gripper, which is attached at the center of the end-effector of the macro-micro manipulator and is used to measure position error of the hub of the vehicle in real time. The redundancy problem in the macro-micro manipulator is solved without complicated calculation by assigning proper functions to each part so that the macro part tracks the velocity error while the micro part regulates the fine position error. Experimental results indicate that tracking error satisfies the insertion tolerance of assembly $({\pm}1mm)$, and thus it is verified that the proposed system can be applied to the wheel assembly task on a moving hanger in the manufacturing line.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.665-684
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• 2008

Runge-Kutta-Nystr$\"{o}$m (RKN) methods provide a popular way to solve the initial value problem (IVP) for a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Users of software are typically asked to specify a tolerance ${\delta}$, that indicates in somewhat vague sense, the level of accuracy required. It is clearly important to understand the precise effect of changing ${\delta}$, and to derive the strongest possible results about the behaviour of the global error that will not have regular behaviour unless an appropriate stepsize selection formula and standard error control policy are used. Faced with this situation sufficient conditions on an algorithm that guarantee such behaviour for the global error to be asympotatically linear in ${\delta}$ as ${\delta}{\rightarrow}0$, that were first derived by Stetter. Here we extend the analysis to cover a certain class of ODEs with low-order derivative discontinuities, and the class of ODEs with constant delays. We show that standard error control techniques will be successful if discontinuities are handled correctly and delay terms are calculated with sufficient accurate interpolants. It is perhaps surprising that several delay ODE algorithms that have been proposed do not use sufficiently accurate interpolants to guarantee asymptotic proportionality. Our theoretical results are illustrated numerically.