• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.163-180
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• 2003

This paper aims at collecting the guantitative data of kenematic variables by analysing the gait patterns of the normal adult men and the handicapped. The gait motions were taped with 4 video cameras, the cinematographic analyses were performed by the DLT technique of three dimensional image treatment. The following results were obtained in the analysis of the variables: 1. The ratio of stance time and swing time did not show any significant difference in the groups of the normal men and the handicapped when both foot of the former and the right feet of the latter were compared. The stride peeriod time of these two groups were 1.12 and 1.11 second, respectively. 2. In the handicapped group, the step width was wider, the step length and stride length were shorter, and especially, the step length of the right foot was shorter, 3. The small vertical displacement of left toes of the handicapped group showed that the heal contact and the left midstance are almost simultaneous. 4. The two groups have almost the same horizontal displacement of the center of gravity and the same vertical rate of extension. In view of the velocity of the center of gravity the normal adults showed the constant speed of movement. However, the handicapped adults were reduced from the right midstance to the right toe-off. 5. The handicapped showed prominently low angle on the left toe-off in the ankle joint angle, they also had the tendency to walk in the patterns of extended knee in the knee joint angle. Both the handicapped and the normal had the hyperextension on the toe-off in the hip joint angle. In the back and front angle of body, both showed the slightly back-sided walking positions. 6. Both groups had the abduction of both feet in foot placement angle, but the handicapped did not show serious abduction of left midstance.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.327-334
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to develop a scientific approach for investigating Korean dance in detail, and to examine the intense expressions and various movements, which are based on Danjeon breathing. For the purpose, we analyzed the movement changes and distribution of forces resulting from the switch in movement between exhalation and inhalation while bending, which is the most basic movement in Korean dance. The following conclusions were drawn from this study. In Korean dance, bending with breathing involves less back-and-forth-movement and more up-and-down movement, as compared to bending without breathing; this indicates greater body stability and a wider range of movements while bending with breathing. In addition, less time is required for bending with breathing at the point of switching from exhalation to inhalation, and it involves less movement of the supporting leg; thus, vending with breathing involves faster switching from bending movements to extending movements. While bending, the raised leg goes through a less smooth curve while breathing, which indicates stronger movement of the toes. Bending with breathing requires a greater braking force than bending without breathing, and the vertical force, generated by switching from exhalation to inhalation, is transferred to extending movements using the ground load. The results of this study can be potentially employed to investigate the expressions used in Korean dance on th basis of its principle of forces. Korean dance has evolved into various creative forms, and basic analytical studies of these diverse forms and related breathing methods re required in the future.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.158-169
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• 2015

Purpose: Frostbite can affect still soldiers. Initial clinical manifestations are similar for superficial and deep frostbite, so early treatment is identical. It is under-estimated by physicians. We try to identify the challenges of managing these complex tissue injuries. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 84 patients hospitalized at AFCH from 2009 to 2015 was conducted. We investigated differences of epidemiological characteristics, identification of soft tissue injury, treatment and complications between superficial (SF: 43; 51.2%) and deep (DF: 41; 48.8%) frostbite. Results: The major (94.0%) developed frostbite in dry circumstances (89.3%). Wet circumstances (66.7%) were more susceptible to DF rather than dry (46.7%). The 38 (45.2%) arrived to specialist within 7days. Most prone sites were feet, followed by hands. Toes had more deep injuries. DF presented more increased levels of ALT, CPK, CKMB, CRP. The bone scan of W+S+ was 48.3%, 87.1% and W+S- was 20.7%, 12.9%, respectively. The treatment resulted in improved or normalized perfusion scan with matching clinical improvement. It was a good tool to assess treatment response. Eighteen normal and 8 stenotic type of PCR resulted in normal with matching clinical improvement. One continuous obstructive waveform led to minor amputation. Twelve underwent both PCR and MRA. Among 6 normal PCR, 5 showed normal and one stenosis in MRA. All 5 stenosis and one obstruction showed the same findings in MRA. It was a good tool to evaluate vascular compromise. They were treated with rapid rewarming (11.6%, 22.0%), hydrotherapy (16.3%, 29.3%), respectively. Six (14.6%) underwent STSG, 2 (4.9%) had digital amputation in DF. Berasil, Ibuprofen, Trental were commonly administered. PGE1 was administered selectively for 6.8, 10.8 days, respectively. Raynaud's syndrome (16.3%), CRPS (4.7%), LOM (14.6%) and toe deformity (4.9%) were specific sequelae. Conclusion: We should recommend intensive foot care education, early rewarming and evacuation to specialized units. The bone scanning and PCR should allow for a more aggressive and active approach to the management of tissue viability.

• 대한골관절종양학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.60-64
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• 1996

Giant cell tumor of tendon sheath is a slow-growing, unilateral and solitary lesion that is most commonly seen in the digits of the hand and knee, but occasionally occurs in the hips, ankles, toes and wrists. The lesion is asymptomatic or mildly painful, especially if it is diffuse and located in a major joint. The concepts concerning about the pathogenesis of these lesion have undergone constant revision, which include neoplastic process, inflammation and lipid metabolism. Authors analysized 20 patients with giant cell tumor of tendon sheath about the etiology, clinical findings, pathologic findings and treatment results. The results were as follows: 1. 13 cases were females (65%) and 7 cases were males (35%), and the range of age was from 9 years old to 60 years old. 2. The hand was most frequently involved site in which 14 cases (70%) were included, and the foot was involved in 5 cases (25%). 3. Solitary lesions were 15 cases and multiple lesions were 5 cases. 4. Radiographically, in 3 cases bony erosion was seen. 5. All cases were treated by surgical excision and presented no recurrence. In conclusion, the giant cell tumor of tendon sheath, which has been considered to be benign tumorous conditions appeared to be necessary for complete surgical excision to prevent recurrence.

• 대한골관절종양학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.56-62
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• 1999

Purpose : This study was conducted to analyze the clinical materials and treatment results of 13 cases of subungual exostosis. Materials and Methods : Thirteen subungual exostoses of the foot treated from January 1991 to December 1997 were studied. We analyzed the clinical data and results of treatment to identify the clinical characteristics of this disease. We investigated the location, shape and relation of exostosis to phalanx with simple x-ray of the foot to identify the radiological characteristics. All the cases were sent to pathologic examination after resection to determine the pathological characteristics. Results : The results of physical examination on presentation were various. Most cases were located at the dorsomedial side of the distal phalanx and were involved in the toe nail. Eleven cases were located at great toes and one each at the 2nd and 3rd toe. Causes of exostosis were not clear, but 2 cases were related to trauma. For the type of exostosis, 7 cases were sessile and 6 were stalk type. On histologic examination, 9 cases showed a cartilaginous portion with overlying proliferating fibrous tissue and underlying bone formation. There was a gradual maturation of spindle cell proliferation from cartilage to cancellous bone. The cartilage was moderately cellular with some pleomorphism, but true anaplasia was not present. Conclusion : The clinical presentation and findings of simple x-rays were most helpful in diagnosing subungual exostosis. Complete excision of the mass achieved complete relief of symptoms and recovery without recurrence in all cases.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 1993

저자들은 우수 및 좌수의 제 2수지 결손을 주소로 고려대학병원 정형외과로 내원한 8명의 환자에 대하여 7례에서는 제 2족지, 1례에서는 반대편 제 4수지를 이용한 수지 재건술을 시행하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 대부분의 경우 수상원인은 기계적 손상에 의한 것이 8례중 7례를 차지하였다. 2. 수상후 수술까지의 기간은 평균 8년 3개월이었다. 3. 평균 수술시간은 5시간 58분이었으며, 이식족지의 평균 허혈시간은 1시간 52분이었다. 4. 피부편은 7례에서 생존하였으며, 술후 1년때 시행한 기능 평가에서 6례에서 양호이상의 결과를 보였다. 외상으로 인한 수지결손 환자에 있어서 족지를 이용한 수지 재건술은 한번의 수술로 미용 및 기능상으로 결손 수지의 기능을 회복할 수 있는 유용한 수술방법의 하나로 생각된다.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.120-128
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• 2001

Purpose: This study was undertaken to review the precise morphological patter'ns of polydactyly of the foot and to evaluate outcomes of surgical interventions. Materials and Methods: The records of patients who had polydactyly of foot from 1983 to 2000 were reviewed retrospectively. 29 duplicated toes(24 patients) were analyzed. All cases were evaluated and classified with Temtamy and McKusick's axial pattern, Watanabe's morphologic pattern and level of duplication. Clinical evaluation was performed according to Phelps and Grogan's. Mean age at surgery was 5.7 years(range: 10 months$\sim21$ years). All the patients were subsequently evaluated during mean 17 months(range: 13 months-$\sim5$ years). Results: Preaxial polydactyly was seen in 3 cases, central polydactyly in 3 cases, postaxial polydactyly in 22 cases and remaining 1 case was multiple my involvement. Only 2 patients have familial history and the most common associated anomaly was hand deformity(20.8%). Clinical results were excellent in 14 cases, good in 5 cases, poor in one. 17 patients(70%) were operated before 6 years olds and they had better results than those of who were operated after 6 years olds. Conclusion: The Method of surgical correction for the polydactyly should be individualized by its morphological pattern because the purpose of operation was to give comfort in wearing shoes and patient's psychological relief. This study showed that polydactyly of the foot could be corrected surgically with good results in most cases, and the better results would be achieved if the operation is performed before preschool age according to its individualized pattern of duplication.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제58권3호
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• pp.242-247
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• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study is to determine whether the changes of contralateral sensorimotor cortical activation on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can predict the neurological outcome among spinal cord injury (SCI) patients when the great toes are stimulated without notice. Methods : This study enrolled a total of 49 patients with SCI and investigated each patient's preoperative fMRI, postoperative fMRI, American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) score, and neuropathic pain occurrence. Patients were classified into 3 groups according to the change of blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) response on perioperative fMRI during proprioceptive stimulation with repetitive passive toe movements : 1) patients with a response of contralateral sensorimotor cortical activation in fMRI were categorized; 2) patients with a response in other regions; and 3) patients with no response. Correlation between the result of fMRI and each parameter was analyzed. Results : In fMRI data, ASIA score was likely to show greater improvement in patients in group A compared to those belonging to group B or C (p<0.001). No statistical significance was observed between the result of fMRI and neuropathic pain (p=0.709). However, increase in neuropathic pain in response to the signal change of the ipsilateral frontal lobe on fMRI was statistically significant (p=0.030). Conclusion : When there was change of BOLD response at the contralateral sensorimotor cortex on perioperative fMRI after surgery, relief of neurological symptoms was highly likely for traumatic SCI patients. In addition, development of neuropathic pain was likely to occur when there was change of BOLD response at ipsilateral frontal lobe.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.138-142
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• 2012

Background : Electrical burns are one of the most devastating types of injuries, and can be characterized by the conduction of electric current through the deeper soft tissue such as vessels, nerves, muscles, and bones. For that reason, the extent of an electric burn is very frequently underestimated on initial impression. Methods : From July 1999 to June 2006, we performed 15 cases of toe tissue transfer for the reconstruction of finger defects caused by electrical burns. We performed preoperative range of motion exercise, early excision, and coverage of the digital defect with toe tissue transfer. Results : We obtained satisfactory results in both functional and aesthetic aspects in all 15 cases without specific complications. Static two-point discrimination results in the transferred toe cases ranged from 8 to 11 mm, with an average of 9.5 mm. The mean range of motion of the transferred toe was $20^{\circ}$ to $36^{\circ}$ in the distal interphalangeal joint, $16^{\circ}$ to $45^{\circ}$ in the proximal interphalangeal joint, and $15^{\circ}$ to $35^{\circ}$ in the metacarpophalangeal joint. All of the patients were relatively satisfied with the function and appearance of their new digits. Conclusions : The strategic management of electrical injury to the hands can be both challenging and complex. Because the optimal surgical method is free tissue transfer, maintenance of vascular integrity among various physiological changes works as a determining factor for the postoperative outcome following the reconstruction.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제8권11호
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• pp.1483-1495
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• 2005

멀티미디어 데이터를 위한 스트리밍 기술이나 차세대 기술로서 고려되는 유비쿼터스 관련 기술들의 급격한 발달로 네트워크를 사용하는 대용량 데이터 서버들이 증가하는 추세이다. 대용량 데이터의 전송에 있어서 TCP/IP 프로토콜의 처리는 CPU에 많은 부하를 야기시키며 이를 해결하기 위한 방안의 하나로 TOE 디바이스를 적용하고 있다. 하지만 기존의 TOE 지원 모듈의 경우, 해당 TOE 디바이스에 의존적인 인터페이스의 지원으로 인하여 기존의 네트워크 어플리케이션이 TOE의 잇점을 얻기 위해서는 해당 TOE 디바이스가 제공하는 인터페이스를 사용하여 기존 프로그램을 수정하거나 재 컴파일하는 과정을 수행해야 한다는 단점을 갖는다. 본 논문에서는 상기 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 표준 소켓 인터페이스에 대한 바이너리 호환성을 제공하는 TOE 지원 모듈의 설계 및 구현을 제안한다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 TOE로 지원 모듈은 리눅스의 네트워크 프로토콜 레이어에 구현되며 기존의 네트워크 어플리케이션이 수정없이 TOE 디바이스의 잇점을 사용할 수 있도록 하고 일반 NIC과 TOE 디바이스의 동시 사용을 지원한다.