• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.109-114
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• 2010

Background: The aim of this study was to compare a novel mannose receptor-binding agent(Technetium-99m human serum albumin, $^{99m}Tc$-MSA) with $^{99m}Tc$-phytate for sentinel node mapping in patients with esophageal cancer. Material and Method: Twenty patients with clinical stage T1N0m0 or T2N0M0 esophageal cancer that were candidates for esophagectomy were enrolled. Endoscopic injection of $^{99m}Tc$-MSA or $^{99m}Tc$-phytate was administered at the peri-tumor region before surgery in 10 patients. The radioactive lymph nodes were identified with a handheld gamma probe after lymph node dissection. Results: The patient's age and the sex ratio of both groups were similar. The clinical stage, tumor location, and operative technique did not differ. The total number of dissected lymph nodes did not differ ($28.5{\pm}9.12$ in MSA group, $32.2{\pm}11.24$ in phytate group, p=0.430). The sentinel node was identified in all cases in both groups. The number of sentinel nodes per patient was $2.7{\pm}1.57$ in the MSA group, which was significantly greater than the $1.7{\pm}0.88$ in the phytate group (p=0.036). Five out of 20 patients whose sentinel nodes could be identified had metastases; however, neither group had any false-negative results for sentinel node identification. Conclusion: Sentinel nodes were detected more frequently with MSA than with phytate.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.116-123
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• 1992

$^{123}I$ has ideal half life of 13 hours, suitable 159 keV gamma energy for imaging, and easy labeling methods. In Korea Cancer Center Hospital, $^{123}I$ has been produced by MC-50 cyclotron. The purpose of this study is looking for good labeling condition of $^{123}I$ and $^{99m}Tc$ to nonspecific human polyclonal IgG, and comparing these with $^{67}Ga-citrate$ in the abscess bearing mice. Human polyclonal nonspecific IgG was labeled with 0.2 M phosphate buffer added $^{123}I$ by chloramine T method. Human polyclonat nonspecific IgG was labeled with $^{99m}Tc-gluconate$ after activation with $\beta-mercaptoethanol$. In the abscess bearing mice, the radioactivity in the abscess was higher in 24 hours than 6 hours after injection. In the abscess, $^{123}I$ nonspecific IgG had higher uptake than $^{99m}Tc-IgG\;or\;^{67}Ga-citrate$. There was no significant difference in absecess uptake of $^{123}I-IgG$ among 24, 72, 120 hours abscess age. Further clinical researches with $^{123}I-nonspecific$ IgG, and other immunoscintigraphies using $^{123}I$ are expected.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.88-97
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• 1993

Anterior abdominal scintigraphy after intravenous injection of $^{99m}Tc$-human serum albumin ($^{99m}Tc$-HSA 20 mCi) was done in 16 patients with connective tissue diseases and 15 healthy control patients. Patients with proteinuria or hepatopathy were excluded. 1) 7 (44%) patients among 16 connective tissue disease patients without the apparent evidence of external protein loss showed abnormal intestinal accumulation of albumin. 6 patients with positive albumin scintigraphy showed bypoalbuminemia. 2) There was no false positive scintigraphic finding in control group. 3) The serum albumin level in connective tissue disease patients ($3.1{\pm}0.6 g/dl$, n=16) was lower than control patients ($3.9{\pm}0.3 g/dl$, n=15) (p<0.0001). 4) The serum albumin level was lower in connective tissue disease patients with positive $^{99m}Tc$-HSA scan ($2.8{\pm}0.6 g/dl$, n=7) than the connective tissue disease patients with negative scan ($3.3{\pm}0.3 g/dl$, n=9) (p<0.05). 5) The hemoglobin level in connective tissue disease patients with positive nan ($10.6{\pm}2.91 g/dl$) was lower than that of the control group ($13.6{\pm}1.5 g/dl$) (p<0.05). Mypoalbuminemia is frequently involved in chronic connective tissue diseases. Protein losing enteropathy (PLE) is also responsible for the majority of the bypoalbuminemia in these patients. But it has been ignored because the conventional method for the diagnosis of PLE was difficult to perform. $^{99m}Tc$-HSA scan also must be validated by more extended study and comparison with the quantitative study such as stool ${\alpha}-1$ antitrypsin measurement. There must be a reevaluation of PLE in various diseases especially in connective tissue diseases with easy, fast, economical, and non-invasive method.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.13-23
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• 2002

The ultimate goal of periodontal therapy is directed to arresting the progression of the disease, and regenerating the fibrous attachment. In order to achieve such treatment aim, the plaque and calculus must be eliminated and the physiological conditions of the root surface must be changed to facilitate the attachment and migration of the new fibroblasts, The method of changing the proper root surface conditions to promote the healing of periodontal tissue involves mechanical procedures, such as scaling and root planing, and chemical procedures such as tetracycline-HCl. However, the formation of a long junctional epithelium was most frequently observed type of healing. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine in vitro the influence of surface conditioning of dentin by TC-HCl on human gingival epithelial cell attachment. Human gingival epithelial cells were obtained from healthy retromolar pad area(under the age 23 years). Seventy two teeth extracted from severe periodontitis were used as study material. To evaluate the epithelial cell attachment to dentin, the prepared specimen was divided to four groups. For the control group, only scaling and root planing were carried out, and for the test group, 1 to 3, the concentration of the TC-HCl was 50, 125 and 250mg/ml respectively. After cell cultivation time of 1-, 3-. 24 hour, for the indirect quantitative assessment of gingival epithelial cell attached to dentin sample, the absorbance of epithelial cell unattached to dentin was measured. The results were as follows; 1. There was no statistically significant difference between scaling and root planing group and TC-HCl 50mg/ml 125mg/ml and 250mg/ml group about absorbance of unattached epithelial cell to dentin sample(p>0.5). 2. As time passes, the absorbance of unattached gingival epithelial cell to dentin sample was decreased statistically significant(p<0.05). 3. There was no statistically significant difference among the TC-HCl group(p>0.05) We concluded that there was similar effect on gingival epithelial cell attachment between TC-HCl conditioning on root surface and only scaling and root planing treatment

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2012

A thermal-optical transmittance carbon analyzer has been developed to determine particulate organic (OC) and elemental (EC) carbon. Several analysis factors affecting the sensitivity of OC and EC determination were investigated for the carbon analyzer. Although total carbon (TC) is usually consistent in the determination, OC and EC split is sensitive to adopted analysis protocol. In this study the maximum temperature in oxygen-free He in the analysis was examined as a main cause of the uncertainty. Prior to the sensitivity analysis consistency in OC-EC determination of the carbon analyzer and the uniformity of carbonaceous aerosol loading on a sampled filter were checked to be in acceptable range. EC/TC ratios were slightly decreased with increasing the maximum temperature between $550-800^{\circ}C$. For the increase of maximum temperature from $500^{\circ}C$ to $800^{\circ}C$, the EC/TC ratio was lowered by 4.65-5.61% for TC loading of 13-44 ${\mu}g/cm^2$ with more decrease at higher loading. OC and EC determination was not influenced by trace amount of oxygen in pure He (>99.999%), which is typically used in OC and EC analysis. The facing of sample loaded surface to incident laser beam showed negligible influence in the OC-EC split, but it caused elevated PC fraction in OC for forward facing relative to backward facing.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.23
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• pp.10095-10099
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• 2015

Background: The present study was conducted to determine knowledge level of technicians working in hospitals about testicular cancer (TC) and self-examination of testicles (TSE) and to determine levels of consciousness and implementation status about TSE. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with technicians working in hospitals (n=243) between $2^{nd}$ January-$31^{st}$ May 2012 at private and governmental hospitals in urban Kayseri. Healthy control subjects (n=235) who were similar to technicians in terms of age, education level and income status were also included to the study. Chi-square test was used in comparison of categorical variables. Results: Technicians were significantly more aware of TC than controls, but the latter were found to have significantly more information about TSE. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of knowing how to do TSE and 80% of both groups were unaware this exam. Of technicians, 19.8% and of controls, 25.5% did TSE, the difference being statistically insignificant. First reason for not doing TSE was "not-knowing" among technicians (48.1%) while it was "ignorance" among controls (66.8%). Of technicians doing TSE, 37.5% did as it came to their mind while 51.7% of controls performed TSE several times in the previous year. Technicians were significantly more afraid of getting TC than controls (p=0.037). Conclusions: It was determined in the present study that rates of TSE were similar between technicians and controls. However compliance with the recommended frequency and right method was low. Consequently, public health education should be planned and applied in order to increase the knowledge of TC and TSE.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.102-113
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• 2012

Our study researched on unification of KS I ISO standard harmonized with ISO and Official Test Method enacted by Korean Ministry of Environment-drinking water and indoor air quality. We reviewed KS methods related to drinking water and indoor air quality for about 23,000 KS methods. KS methods related environmental field are classified as KS I, total 635 methods and 583 KS I methods were harmonized with ISO. For Environmental Standard methods for drinking water, 100 methods were reviewed according to 232 KS methods related to ISO/ TC 147 "Water Quality". Environmental Standard methods for indoor air quality were reviewed according to 95 KS standard methods related to ISO/TC 146 "Air Quality". By reviews and comparison tests for unifiable ES for drinking water and indoor air quality with KS methods harmonized with ISO, it was evaluated that for 100 ES methods for drinking water, 23 ES methods were unification complete, 29 ES methods were unification possible, 12 ES methods were unification impossible, no corresponding methods were found in KS I ISO for 36 ES methods and for 17 ES methods for indoor air quality,1 ES methods were unification complete, 3 ES methods were unification possible, 3 ES methods were impossible, no corresponding methods were found in KS I ISO for 10 ES methods.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.99-104
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• 2002

This study deals with the optimal design of a DC reactor type high-Tc superconducting fault current limiter(SFCL). The condition in which the cost function is minimized under given constraints is one of the things to be first considered in developing SFCLS. This condition is a group of the values corresponding to the variables the cost function depends on. In this paper, the length of tape was taken as a dependent variable, the inductance of DC reactor and the turns ratio of magnetic core reactors as independent variables. For the SFCL available at the level of 6.6kV-200A, we examined 4 cases; at the fault times of 80msec, 50msec, 30msec and 10msec. Since thyristors would be utilized instead of diodes, we chose the result at 10msec as the basic data. Considering safety factor 30%, our optimal design was decided to be the inductance 570mH, the critical current over 620A, the turns ratio 0.89 and the fault time within 20msec.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 1986

In osteoarthritis of knee, sensitive and reproducible methods of evaluation are of particular importance in unicompartmental surgery, in which choice of technique and prognosis depend on accurate preoperative knowledge of distribution and extent of disease. The various diagnostic modalities for evaluation of osteoarthritic knee are present but it is known that $^{99m}Tc-MDP$ scintigraphy is the most sensitive and noninvasive method. The authors made a comparative study of scintigraphic findings and radiographic findings of 54 cases of osteoarthritic knees at Kyung Hee University Hospital from May' 83 to August' 85. The results were as follow: 1) $^{99m}Tc-MDP$ scintigraphy appeared more sensitive not only in detection of abnormal compartment but also in evaluation of severity of the diseased compartment compared to radiography. 2) We suggest that bone scintigraphy is most sensitive for preoperative information of extent and severity of the disease related to surgical technique and prognosis.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.295-303
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• 2008

One hundred and sixty nine Escherichia (E.) coli strains isolated from fecal samples of aquatic birds in Geumho river basin and Dalseong park were tested by agar dilution method to determine their susceptibility patterns to 14 antimicrobial agents. The distribution of tetracycline resistance determinants (tetA, tetB, tetC, tetD and tetE) were also examined by PCR in 76 tetracycline-resistant ($TC^r$) E. coli isolates. The high resistance was observed in tetracycline, cephalothin and ampicillin (45.0~36.7%). Resistance of E. coli isolates derived from Dalseong park to tetracycline, cephalothin, ampicillin and streptomycin (65.7~44.8%) were significantly higher than those isolated from Geumho river basin (31.4~14.7%). About seventy percent (70.4%) of the strains isolated were resistant to one or more drugs tested. Thirty (39.5%) of 76 $TC^r$ E. coli isolates which were resistant to one or more drugs transferred all or a part of their resistance patterns to the recipient strain of E.coli J53 by conjugation. All of $TC^r$ E. coli isolates contained at least one or more of 5 tet genes examined. The most common genes found in these isolates were tetA (60.6%) and followed by tetB (7.9%) and tetC (1.3%). However, tetD and tetE were not found in any of the isolates tested. Twenty one (27.6%) of $TC^r$ E. coli isolates had two determinants, tetA/tetB (20 strains), tetA/tetC (1 strain). And two strains (2.6%) contained three determinants (tetA/tetB/tetC).