• 원예과학기술지
• /
• 제30권5호
• /
• pp.477-483
• /
• 2012

미량원소인 Cu 시비농도를 인위적으로 조절하여 '금향', '매향' 및 '설향' 딸기를 재배하면서 시비수준이 생장에 미치는 영향을 구명하였다. 또한 생육을 우수하게 유지할 수 있는 식물체의 Cu 한계농도를 밝혀 딸기 재배 시 영양장해를 진단할 수 있는 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있도록 하기 위하여 본 연구를 수행하였다. Cu 시비농도에 영향을 받은 세 종류 딸기 품종의 건물중에서 '금향'과 '매향'은 0.25mM-1.0mM 시비구 간, '설향' 딸기의 경우 0.25mM-3.0mM 시비구 간통계적인 유의차가 없었고, '설향'이 '금향'이나 '매향'보다 Cu 과다시비에 대한 내성이 강함을 알 수 있었다. Cu가 과다하게 시비되어 식물체의 흡수량이 증가하면 신엽에서 엽맥 간 황화현상이나 엽맥 사이에 직선형태의 황화현상이 그리고 하위엽에서는 잎 가장자리가 주황색으로 변하는 증상이 나타났다. 관비용액의 Cu 시비농도를 증가시켜도 세 종류 딸기의 식물체 내 P, K, Ca 및 Mg 함량은 뚜렷한 경향을 발견할 수 없었다. 미량원소 중 Cu 함량은 시비농도가 높아짐에 따라 식물체 내 함량이 직선적으로 증가하였으며, Fe 및 Mo 함량은 관비용액의 Cu 농도에 대한 반응이 뚜렷하지 않았고, 경향도 발견할 수 없었다. '금향', '매향' 및 '설향' 딸기의 최대생장량보다 10% 적은 생장량과 이 때의 식물체내 Cu 함량을 정상 생장을 위한 최대한계점으로 간주하면 '금향' $71.4mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$, '매향' $57.9mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$, 그리고 '설향' $74.81mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ 이하를 유지하도록 Cu 시비농도를 조절해야 한다고 판단하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.155-160
• /
• 2000

In order to understand the effects of sex or age on cellular characteristics of adipocytes from Hanwoo and sheep, samples were obtained from omental, subcutaneous, intermuscular and intramuscular adipose tissue depots of bulls, steers, heifers and cows in Hanwoo, and perirenal, omental and subcutaneous adipose tissues of fetal lambs, suckling lambs and wethers in sheep. In case of Hanwoo, mean diameter, surface area and volume of adipocytes from each depot were obtained by multisizer II (Coulter Co., UK). Osmium-fixed adipocytes were sized and counted using $560{\mu}m$ aperture. For samples obtained from sheep, cellularity was measured by using microscope and MCV program of Texas Instrument. Bulls had less subcutaneous and kidney fat than steers even though their slaughter and carcass weight were heavier. The amounts of fat from cows were greater in subcutaneous, kidney and internal organs than heifers. Steers had larger adipocytes in subcutaneous, intermuscular and intramuscular adipose tissues than bulls, although the differences were significant only for the subcutaneous adipose tissue depots. Adipocytes appeared to be largest in omental and smallest in intramuscular adipose tissue, although there were no significant differences among tissues. In a comparison of heifers and cows, significant site effects (p<0.05) were shown in adipocyte diameter, surface area and volume, and adipocyte appeared to be largest in omental tissue. Statistical difference (p<0.05) was only shown in cell volume of intramuscular tissue which was higher in cow than heifer. Intramuscular adipose tissue tended to have relatively greater numbers of cells per gram tissue and reflect lesser maturity of intramuscular adipose tissue relative to other adipose tissues. In sheep, regardless of adipose tissue depots, wethers had the greater adipocyte diameters than those at any other growth stage of sheep. Within adipose depots, the ranking of cell size was the greatest in the omental tissue of wether and the lowest in the renal and subcutaneous adipose tissue depots of fetal lamb. The cell size of adipocyte became larger with age, especially from fetal to suckling lamb due to a rapid hypertrophy of both perirenal and subcutaneous adipocytes during the suckling period.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.104-127
• /
• 2008

Purpose: This study was performed to investigate the effects of Dangguijakyaksan on the development of experimentally-induced endometriosis in rats. Methods: Endometriosis was induced in rats by autotransplanting uterine tissue to the peritoneum and divided them into three groups: (1) sham-operated group(n=8). (2) surgically induced endometriosis and untreated control group(n=8). (3) surgically induced endometriosis and Dangguijakyaksan treated group. Dangguijakyaksan was orally administrated for 15 days after operation. Then we measured the body weight. the volume of endometriotic implants. the weight of uterus and ovary. and analysed the concentration of cytokines (MCP-1, TNF-$\alpha$, IL-1$\beta$, IL-6) in peritoneal fluids. Histopathology, immunohistochemistry for COX-2 and VEGF. and histochemistry for mast cell in transplanted uterine tissue were also performed. Results: - The volume($mm^3$) of endometriotic implants in Dangguijakyaksan treated group was significantly decreased compared with control group. - The concentration(pg/ml) of MCP-1, TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-l$\alpha$ in peritoneal fluids in Dangguijakyaksan treated group was significantly decreased compared with control group. - Histopathologically, proliferation of endometriotic epithelia. infiltration of inflammatory cells and angiogenesis in transplanted uterine tissue of Dangguijakyaksan treated group were weakly observed than those of control group. - The percentage of positive epithelial layers for COX-2 in Dangguijakyaksan treated group was significantly decreased compared with control group. - The VEGF expression of endometriotic epithelia, neovascular endothelia and stromal cells in transplanted uterine tissue of Dangguijakyaksan treated group were weakly observed than those of control group. - The number of mast cells in transplanted uterine tissue in Dangguijakyaksan treated group was significantly decreased compared with control group. Conclusion: On the basis of these results. we concluded that Dangguijakyaksan has inhibiting effects on the development of transplanted uterine tissue. And these effects may be related with decreased production of MCP-1, TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-1$\beta$, and decreased expression of COX-2 and VEGF, and inhibition of mast cell infiltration by administration of Dangguijakyaksan.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제44권3호
• /
• pp.224-231
• /
• 2000

$Nokyangbotang^{TM}$ (NYBT) is a kind of powerful food for health and have been drunk at a oral dose of 80 ml (99.5 mg) three times per day: It has not been well studied about the anti-fatigue and hepatoprotective activity. In this experiments, we evaluated pathophysiologically the effect of NYBT on swimming time in mouse and hepatoprotective activity in rats intoxicated with carbon-tetrachloride. NYBT was nontoxic in orally acute toxicity test ($LD_{50}$, 320 ml/60 kg): a nontoxic food in more four times of one-shoot dosage (80 ml) to human. Weight-loaded forced swimming test was carried out to measure the swimming time of mice with a 4% load of body weight in plastic cylinder (diameter $10{\;}cm{\;}{\times}{\;}height{\;}20{\;}cm$) on water bath at $25^{\circ}C$, and the anti-fatigue activity represented the ratio of swimming time of experimental group to that of control group. NYBT had dose-dependent anti-fatigue activity Mice administered NYBT at a dose of 320 ml/60 kg once daily for 5 days could swim about two times more than control. Hepatoprotective activities of NYBT were examined by the determination of malonedialdehyde (MDA) and pathological survey in liver and liver function test of rat intoxicated with $CCl_4$ at i.m. dose of 2 ml/kg once daily for 7days. NYBT decreased dose-dependently thiobarbituric acid reactive substance: Oral administration of NYBT at a dose of 20 ml/60 kg was $38.51{\;}{\pm}{\;}3.02$ nmol MDA/g of tissue, that of 80 ml/60 kg was $33.76{\;}{\pm}{\;} 1.84$ nmol MDA/g of tissue, and that of 320 ml/60 kg was $32.87{\;}{\pm}{\;}1.90$ nmol MDA/g of tissue as compared with control group ($43.61{\;}{\pm}{\;}2.85$ nmol MDA/g of tissue). All rats administered NYBT at a dose of 320 ml/60 kg were survival as compared with 40% survival of control animals, and GPT activity of rats administered NYBT at a dose of 80 ml/60 kg was decreased as compared with control. In histopathological survey, NYBT improved slightly the fatty changes of hepatocytes around centrilobular area. These results suggest that NYBT has anti-fatigue and hepatoprotective activity in rats and mice.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.111-123
• /
• 2009

Objective : The purpose of this study is to observe the effect of high frequency electro-acupuncture (hf-EA) at Yanglingquan(GB34) on $CCl_4$-induced liver damage in rats. Methods : The author performed several experimental items, including measurements of body weight and liver weight, hematological analysis for RBC, WBC, PLT, hemoglobin, lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes and biochemical assays for ALT, AST, ALP and total cholesterol in serum, and histological analysis of liver tissue. Results & Conclusion : 1. WBC level in blood was slightly reduced by acupuncture and hf-EA at GB34. 2. Lymphocyte level in blood was decreased by $CCl_4$-intoxication and significantly increased by acupuncture and hf-EA at GB34. 3. Neutrophils level in blood was slightly reduced by acupuncture and hf-EA at GB34. 4. ALT and AST in serum were reduced significantly by acupuncture and hf-EA at GB34. 5. The pathological changes of liver tissue induced by $CCl_4$ was reduced by hf-EA at GB34. 6. No significant difference was found between the effects of acupuncture and hf-EA on CCl4-induced liver damage in rats.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.237-246
• /
• 1995

Between March 1989 and December 1994, one-stage repair was performed for correction of the intracardiac malformations associated with aortic coarctation in 34 patients or interrupted aortic arch in 8 patients via median sternotomy. There were 26 male and 16 female patients, and their body weight ranged from 1.8 to 8 kg [mean weight, 4.0 1.4 kg . The age at the operation ranged from 7 days to 18 months [mean age, 3.1 $\pm$ 3.8 months . The repair of aortic coarctation or interrupted aortic arch was performed using extended end-to-end anastomosis in most of the patients [86%, 36/42 , and six patients underwent ductal tissue excision and patch aortoplasty. Intracardiac defects were corrected concomitantly through the right atrium unless the anatomy dictated otherwise. Obstructive outlet septum was resected whenever necessary. There were seven early deaths [16.8 % , and three late deaths with a mean follow-up period of 25 months [range from 1 to 65 months . Three patients were reoperated upon residual subaortic stenosis, stenosis at the RPA origin, and subacute bacterial endocarditis respectively. None showed any significant residual or anastomotic stenosis postoperatively. One stage repair of the aortic coarctation and interrupted aortic arch associated with intracardiac defect leaves no native coarctation shelf tissue or residual hypoplasia in the repaired segment, has low incidence of recurrent or residual stenosis, minimizes reoperation and incisions, and manages arch hypoplasia easily. We concluded that surgical results of one-stage repair for the intracardiac malformation associated with aortic coarctation or interrupted aortic arch are reasonable.

• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.65-70
• /
• 2014

This study was carried out to investigate the potential effects of Gardenia jasminoides (GJ) extracts, on hepatic steatosis and lipid metabolism in mice fed with high-fat diet (HFD). GJ extracts (100 mg/kg, ${\times}10$ weeks) fed mice showed reduced body weight, adipose tissue weight, reduced aminotransferase level in plasma and hepatic lipid (triglyceride, total cholesterol) content. These effects were accompanied by decreased expression of lipogenic genes, sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), liver X receptor (LXR), fatty acid synthase (FAS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36), lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and decreased lipogenic enzyme FAS and HMG-CoAR enzyme activities while elevating carnitine palmitoyltrasferase-1 (CPT) activity. Based on these results, we speculated that the inhibitory effect on hepatic steatosis of GJ extract containing geniposide is the result of suppression of lipid synthesis in mice fed with HFD, suggesting that GJ extract may be beneficial in preventing hepatic steatosis.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제26권5호
• /
• pp.343-348
• /
• 1993

Growth of suture line and anastomosis is required for long-term success after the tracheal and bronchial surgery in infant and pediatric patient. We used various suture materials in these cases, but the results were differ. To select the adequate suture material in tracheal surgery, we tried next. Tracheal anastomoses were performed in 150 Sprague Dawley rats, aged 4 to 8 [mean 5.8] weeks and weight 62 to 106[mean 83.6] gram, to compare polydioxanone[PDS] 7-0, polyglactin 910[Vicryl]7-0, and polypropylene [prolene] 8-0 suture materials. In 150 rats, only 29[20%] were lived over 300 days, and the weight was 250 to 320[mean 289.5]gram. Cross sectional area of the anastomoses and two or three tracheal rings below anastomosis site were measured under microscope, and calculated and compared as Hsieh`s equition. Cross-sectional area,anastomosis site/normal site 100, were 89.4 $\pm$ 5.34% in PDS group[n=9], 75.7 $\pm$ 6.06% in Vicrylgroup [n = 10], and 80.8$\pm$ 4.06% in Prolene group[n = 10]. Histopathologic studies were done for all autopsies or put in death around 300 days postoperatively. PDS absorblion was not seen 16 weeks after suture but disappeared over 24 weeks slide. Vicryl absorbtion was noted postoperative 8 to 16 weeks, with marked tissue reaction. Prolene showed least tissue reaction, but the suture material was persisted with regional fibrotic capsule.Causes of death were respiratory failure in 76 cases, tracheal rupture in 22 cases, hemorrhage, biting, starvation and etc. in 23 cases. With the brief review of literatures, we report the results.

• 대한의생명과학회지
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.17-24
• /
• 2013

Animals show a sexual dimorphism in metabolic responses. We investigated to verify whether the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\alpha}$ ($PPAR{\alpha}$) agonist fenofibrate regulates obesity and skeletal muscle lipid metabolism with sexual dimorphism and to determine the changes in skeletal muscle expression of $PPAR{\alpha}$ target genes. After both sexes of C57BL/6J mice received a high fat diet with or without fenofibrate for 7 weeks, we examined the effects of fenofibrate on not only body weight, adipose tissue mass, and skeletal muscle lipid accumulation, but also the mRNA expression of $PPAR{\alpha}$-related genes in skeletal muscle. Male mice given a fenofibrate-supplemented high fat diet showed decreased body weight gain and adipose tissue mass compared with mice fed a high fat diet alone, whereas fenofibrate did not reduce them in high fat diet-fed female mice. Lipid accumulation in skeletal muscle was inhibited by fenofibrate in male mice, but not in female mice. Gene expression analysis revealed that fenofibrate increased the mRNA levels of $PPAR{\alpha}$ target enzymes only in male mice. Therefore, our results suggest that sex-dependence differences in obesity and intramuscular lipid levels under fenofibrate treatment could be due in part to the differences in skeletal muscle $PPAR{\alpha}$ activation between male and female mice.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
• /
• 제8권3호
• /
• pp.104-109
• /
• 1988

A field experiment was conducted in order to investigate the seasonal changes of leaf growth and related characteristics in three cultivars of orchardgrass; Potomac, Kay and Sumas. The results were summarized as follows: 1. Leaf elongation was increased in a nearly linear phase during first and third cutting stages. It was increased slowly in early 10 days to 15 days after cutting and increased rapidly thereafter during the rest cutting stages. In cultivars, Potomac was showed hlgher leaf elongation than other cultivars during all cutting stages. There was no difference of leaf width within cutting stages, but the leaf width of fall regrowth was narrow. Sumas had relatively short and wide leaves. 2. Leaf dry weight and leaf area in first cutting stage were larger than others. Leaf area was increased rapidly from 15 days after cutting and leaf $we$ was increased rapidly from 20 days over all cutting stages. The increase in leaf area and dry weight were slow down after 30 days. 3. Number of epidermal cells was increased rapidly after cutting and the rate of increase was slow down after 30 days. In a cross section of leaf tissue, the part of mesophyll was occupied with about 60% of total area and larger area than other tissues. Leaf tissue had a large vacancy at early growth period after harvest and was filled gradually with mesophyll. This result was related to the increase of leaf dry matter.