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Characterization of Copper Toxicity Symptoms and Determination of Tissue Critical Concentration for Diagnostic Criteria in Korean Bred Strawberries

국내육성 주요 딸기 품종에서 발생하는 구리(Cu) 과잉 증상 및 영양진단을 위한 식물체 내 한계농도

  • Choi, Jong Myung (Department of Horticulture, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Nam, Min Ho (Department of Horticulture, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Lee, Chiwon W. (Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University)
  • Received : 2011.11.17
  • Accepted : 2012.03.12
  • Published : 2012.10.31

Abstract

This study was carried out to investigate the influence of copper concentrations in fertilizer solution on the growth of and nutrient uptake by domestically bred strawberries. The characterization of toxicity symptoms as well as tissue analyses based on dry weight of above ground tissue were also conducted to determine the threshold levels in plants when toxicity developed in copper. The dry weights of the above ground tissue were not significantly different among the treatments of 0.25 mM to 1.0 mM in 'Keumhyang' and 'Maehyang' strawberries and that of 0.25 mM to 3.0 mM in 'Seolhyang' strawberry. This indicates that the 'Seolhyang' strawberry is more tolerant to copper toxicity than 'Keumhyang' or 'Maehyang' strawberries. Application of copper at high concentrations resulted in severe toxicity such as death of extensive areas of leaves. The lower leaves became yellow and die rapidly as the symptoms spread up the plants. The leaf blades and petioles died back to the crown and hang on by mechanical attachment. Symptoms of copper toxicity in lower leaves developed as browning on leaf margins and in patches between leaf veins that became necrotic. The elevation of copper concentrations in fertilizer solution did not influence the tissue phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium contents based on the dry weight of the above ground tissue. The tissue copper contents increased lineally as the copper concentrations in fertilizer solution were elevated. But the tissue iron, manganese and boron contents were not influenced by the concentrations. When the concentration of copper at which growth of a plant is retarded by 10% is regarded as threshold level, the copper contents based on dry weight of above ground plant tissue should be lower than 71.4, 57.9 and 74.8 $mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ in 'Keumhyang', 'Maehyang' and 'Seolhyang' strawberries, respectively. The symptom characterization and established threshold level in copper toxicity would help growers to prevent the reduction of crop growth and yield in 'Seolhyang' strawberry cultivation.

미량원소인 Cu 시비농도를 인위적으로 조절하여 '금향', '매향' 및 '설향' 딸기를 재배하면서 시비수준이 생장에 미치는 영향을 구명하였다. 또한 생육을 우수하게 유지할 수 있는 식물체의 Cu 한계농도를 밝혀 딸기 재배 시 영양장해를 진단할 수 있는 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있도록 하기 위하여 본 연구를 수행하였다. Cu 시비농도에 영향을 받은 세 종류 딸기 품종의 건물중에서 '금향'과 '매향'은 0.25mM-1.0mM 시비구 간, '설향' 딸기의 경우 0.25mM-3.0mM 시비구 간통계적인 유의차가 없었고, '설향'이 '금향'이나 '매향'보다 Cu 과다시비에 대한 내성이 강함을 알 수 있었다. Cu가 과다하게 시비되어 식물체의 흡수량이 증가하면 신엽에서 엽맥 간 황화현상이나 엽맥 사이에 직선형태의 황화현상이 그리고 하위엽에서는 잎 가장자리가 주황색으로 변하는 증상이 나타났다. 관비용액의 Cu 시비농도를 증가시켜도 세 종류 딸기의 식물체 내 P, K, Ca 및 Mg 함량은 뚜렷한 경향을 발견할 수 없었다. 미량원소 중 Cu 함량은 시비농도가 높아짐에 따라 식물체 내 함량이 직선적으로 증가하였으며, Fe 및 Mo 함량은 관비용액의 Cu 농도에 대한 반응이 뚜렷하지 않았고, 경향도 발견할 수 없었다. '금향', '매향' 및 '설향' 딸기의 최대생장량보다 10% 적은 생장량과 이 때의 식물체내 Cu 함량을 정상 생장을 위한 최대한계점으로 간주하면 '금향' $71.4mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$, '매향' $57.9mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$, 그리고 '설향' $74.81mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ 이하를 유지하도록 Cu 시비농도를 조절해야 한다고 판단하였다.

Keywords

References

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