• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.177-182
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• 2010

Conventional surgical therapy for oral soft tissue includes the use of scalpel, diathermy, cryotherapy and electrosurgery. But, these therapies have some surgical problems. Nowadays, laser surgery can be considered as the another option for conventional surgical therapy. Compared to conventional surgical therapies, advantages of laser therapy include maintenance of sterile conditions, promotion of wound healing, reduction of bleeding, less instruments, post operative pain reduction, less scar, saving cost by using fewer materials, staff and time. Carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) laser uses gaseous medium, and has long wavelength about 10,600nm. The first advantage of $CO_2$ laser for surgical treatment of oral soft tissue is hemostasis and visibility improvement by making relatively dry field. These case reports are about cases of minor surgery of oral soft tissue using $CO_2$ laser, and emphasize advantages of laser compared to conventional surgical therapies.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 2024

Gene therapy involves the introduction of foreign genetic material into host tissue to alter the expression of genetic products. Gene therapy represents an opportunity to alter the course of various diseases. Hence, genetic products utilizing safe and reliable vectors with improved biotechnology will play a critical role in the treatment of various diseases in the future. This review summarizes various important vectors for gene therapy along with modern techniques for potential craniofacial regeneration using gene therapy. This review also explains current molecular approaches for the management and treatment of cancer using gene therapy. The existing literature was searched to find studies related to gene therapy and its role in craniofacial regeneration and cancer treatment. Various databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched for English language articles using the keywords "gene therapy," "gene therapy in present scenario," "gene therapy in cancer," "gene therapy and vector," "gene therapy in diseases," and "gene therapy and molecular strategies."

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2009

Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a rare population of undifferentiated cells that have the capacity of self renewal and the ability to differentiate into mesodermal phenotypes, including osteocytes, chondrocytes, and adipocytes in vitro. Recently, MSCs have been shown to reside within the connective tissue of most organs, and their surface phenotype has been well analyzed. Many reports showed that transplanted MSCs enhanced regeneration as well as functional improvement of damaged organs and tissues. The wide differentiation plasticity of MSCs was expected to contribute to their demonstrated efficacy in a wide variety of experimental animal models and in human clinical trials. However, new findings suggest that the ability of MSCs to alter the tissue microenvironment via secretion of soluble factors may contribute more significantly than their capacity for differentiation in tissue repair. This review describes what is known about the cellular characteristics and differentiation potential of MSCs, which represent a promising stem cell population for further applications in regenerative medicine.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.177-184
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• 2002

The knee joint is composed of 3 skeletons that is the femoral bone, the tibial bone, and the patella bone. The tibiofemoral pint and patellofemoral pint act with the meniscus, so these function that is maintain the stabilities by the surrounding soft tissue is complex. The protection mechanism(muscle tension) of the surrounding muscles for the joint disease(Arthritis) limits consistently the motion of the pint to decrease the internal pressure of the joint, and these muscle tension acts with abnormal function for the surrounding tissue and the joint, sometimes the contracture is developed, if the joint with disease is not recovery or treated within early time. So we worked out efficient orthopedic local taping for the patient who is complained of the knee pint pain using the literature investigation about the anatomical structure and the biomechanics of the knee pint for the muscle and the pint problem esp, the rotation of the tibia, the dislocation of the patella, and the motion of the meniscus that is developed due to tension of surrounding muscles of the knee pint. And application of the pint mobilization, the stretching, and the muscle strengthening exercise for the pint will become successful treatment for the joint disease.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.47-52
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• 2014

Background: Management of positional plagiocephaly by wearing a cranial molding helmet has become a matter of growing medical interest. Some research studies reported that starting helmet therapy early (age 5 to 6 months) is important and leads to a significantly better outcome in a shorter treatment time. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of cranial remodeling treatment with wearing helmet for older infants (${\geq}18$ months). Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 27 infants with positional plagiocephaly without synostosis, who were started from 2008 to 2012. Every child underwent a computerized tomography (CT) before starting helmet therapy to exclude synostosis of the cranial sutures and had CT performed once again after satisfactory completion of therapy. Anthropometric measurements were taken on using spreading calipers in every child. The treatment effect was compared using cranial vault asymmetry (CVA) and the cranial vault asymmetry index (CVAI), which were obtained from diagonal measurements before and after therapy. Results: The discrepancy of CVA and CVAI of all the patients significantly decreased after cranial molding helmet treatment in older infants (${\geq}18$ months) 7.6 mm from 15.6 mm to 8 mm and 4.51% from 9.42% to 4.91%. Six patients had confirmed successful outcome, and all subjects were good compliance patients. The treatment lasted an average of 16.4 months, was well tolerated, and had no complication. Additionally, the rate of the successful treatment (final CVA ${\leq}5mm$) significantly decreased when the wearing time per was shorter. Conclusion: This study showed that treatment by cranial remodeling orthosis was effective if the patient could wear the helmet longer and treatment duration was somewhat longer than in younger patients, well tolerated in older infants and had no morbidity. This therapeutic option is available and indicated in these older infants before other cranial remodeling surgery.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.21-30
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• 2021

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effects of muscle energy technique (MET) and instrument assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM) on knee extension ROM, knee extensor/flexor strength and muscle thickness immediately and after 24 hours. Methods: A total of 30 subjects participated in this study. The participants were assigned to either MET (n=15) or IASTM (n=15). 90-90 straight leg raise, knee extensor/flexor muscle strength, muscle thickness test were measured before, immediately after and 24 hours after the intervention. Results: Both groups significantly improved knee extension ROM on immediate (MET 10.7°, IASTM 10.21° increased) and after 24 hours assessment (MET 5.61°, IASTM 5.47° increased)(p<.05). In the MET group, knee extension and flexion muscle strength increased immediately after intervention (p<.05). In the IASTM group, knee extension muscle strength increased and knee flexor muscle strength decreased immediately after intervention (p<.05). Furthermore, both groups showed a pattern of returning to the initial strength after 24 hours. In both groups, no significant difference in muscle thickness immediately and after 24 hours was observed (p>.05). Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, MET and IASTM technique showed lasting effectiveness in flexibility of shortened hamstring immediately after and in 24 hours after the intervention. In both groups, MET increased muscle strength and increased ROM, while IASTM decreased muscle strength and increased ROM, with no change in muscle thickness.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.392-403
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• 2020

Severe cartilage defects and congenital anomalies affect millions of people and involve considerable medical expenses. Tissue engineering offers many advantages over conventional treatments, as therapy can be tailored to specific defects using abundant bioengineered resources. This article introduces the basic concepts of cartilage tissue engineering and reviews recent progress in the field, with a focus on craniofacial reconstruction and facial aesthetics. The basic concepts of tissue engineering consist of cells, scaffolds, and stimuli. Generally, the cartilage tissue engineering process includes the following steps: harvesting autologous chondrogenic cells, cell expansion, redifferentiation, in vitro incubation with a scaffold, and transfer to patients. Despite the promising prospects of cartilage tissue engineering, problems and challenges still exist due to certain limitations. The limited proliferation of chondrocytes and their tendency to dedifferentiate necessitate further developments in stem cell technology and chondrocyte molecular biology. Progress should be made in designing fully biocompatible scaffolds with a minimal immune response to regenerate tissue effectively

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.100-106
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• 2023

Background: As breast tissue expanders consist of metallic materials in the needle guard and ferromagnetic injection port, irradiation can produce radioactivation. Materials and Methods: A CPX4 (Mentor Worldwide LLD) breast tissue expander was exposed using the Versa HD (Elekta) linear accelerator. Two photon energies of 6 and 10 MV-flattening filter free (FFF) beams with 5,000 monitor units (MU) were irradiated to identify the types of radiation. Furthermore, 300 MU with 10 MV-FFF beam was exposed to the CPX4 breast tissue expander by varying the machine dose rates (MDRs) 600, 1,200, and 2,200 MU/min. To assess the instantaneous dose rates (IDRs) solely from the CPX4, a tissue expander was placed outside the treatment room after beam irradiation, and a portable radioisotope identification device was used to identify the types of radiation and measure IDR. Results and Discussion: After 5,000 MU delivery to the CPX4 breast tissue expander, the energy spectrum whose peak energy of 511 keV was found with 10 MV-FFF, while there was no resultant one with 6 MV-FFF. The time of each measurement was 1 minute, and the mean IDRs from the 10 MV-FFF were 0.407, 0.231, and 0.180 μSv/hr for the three successive measurements. Following 10 MV-FFF beam irradiation with 300 MU indicated around the background level from the first measurement regardless of MDRs. Conclusion: As each institute room entry time protocol varies according to the working hours and occupational doses, we suggest an addition of 1 minute from the institutes' own room entry time protocol in patients with CPX4 tissue expander and the case of radiotherapy vaults equipped with a maximum energy of 10 MV photon beams.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.311-316
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• 2024

Lipedema is a progressive connective tissue disease with enlargement of adipose tissue, fibrosis, fluid collection, and dermal thickening. Herein, we present a case of lipedema associated with skin hypoperfusion and ulceration in which soft tissue debulking with liposuction improved patients' symptoms. A 39-year-old female presented with asymmetric progressive initially unilateral lower limb swelling with severe pain with subsequent skin ulceration. Conservative management failed to improve her condition. After excluding other causes and detailed radiologic investigation, lipedema was diagnosed with an associated impaired skin perfusion. Trial of local wound care and compression therapy failed to improve the condition. Subsequent soft tissue debulking with circumferential liposuction and ulcer debridement and immediate compression showed dramatic improvement of the symptoms and skin perfusion. The unique nature of this case sheds light on lipedema as a loose connective tissue disease. Inflammation and microangiopathies explain the associated pain with hypoperfusion and ulceration being quite atypical and in part might be related to the large buildups of matrix proteins and sodium contents leading to fragility in microvessels with frequent petechiae and hematoma and subsequent tissue ischemia. Conservative measures like compression therapy plays a significant role in disease course. Surgical debulking with liposuction was shown to be efficacious in reducing the soft tissue load with improvement in limb pain, edema, circumference, and skin perfusion that was seen in our patient. Lipedema is a frequently misdiagnosed condition with disabling features. Skin involvement in lipedema with potential hypoperfusion was shown and it requires further investigation.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.155-168
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• 2012

Therapeutic cancer is a long lasting and turbulent history accompany with the milestones in surgical intervention, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In the past decade, however, metastatic cancer still obstinately exists challenging the professional scientist. Beside the major forms of cancer treatment, Diphtheria toxin (DT) which is produced by a pathogenic strain of bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheria to shield themselves against the other dangerous organism, have been researched as a potential candidate to overcome the drawback such as non-specific, non-effect to drug resistant cancer cell and side effects when using chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In the context of suicide gene therapy, the DT expression under controlling of tissue-specific promoter will be targeted in cancer cell but defect in normal cell. The molecular mechanism, characteristic of DT-bases therapy and prominent achievements of preclinical and clinical studies for the past decade are summarized and discussed in this review.