• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.45.1-45.8
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• 2020

Objective: The aim of this study was to introduce a gelatin/bovine serum albumin (BSA) tissue standard, which provides dissolution properties identical to those of biological tissues. Further, the study evaluated whether the utilization of endodontic activating devices led to enhanced phantom dissolution rates. Materials and Methods: Bovine pulp tissue was obtained to determine a benchmark of tissue dissolution. The surface area and mass of samples were held constant while the ratio of gelatin and BSA were varied, ranging from 7.5% to 10% gelatin and 5% BSA. Each sample was placed in an individual test tube that was filled with an appropriate sodium hypochlorite solution for 1, 3, and 5 minutes, and then removed from the solution, blotted dry, and weighed again. The remaining tissue was calculated as the percent of initial tissue to determine the tissue dissolution rate. A radiopaque agent (sodium diatrizoate) and a fluorescent dye (methylene blue) were added to the phantom to allow easy quantification of phantom dissolution in a canal block model when activated using ultrasonic (EndoUltra) or sonic (EndoActivator) energy. Results: The 9% gelatin + 5% BSA phantom showed statistically equivalent dissolution to bovine pulp tissue at all time intervals. Furthermore, the EndoUltra yielded significantly more phantom dissolution in the canal block than the EndoActivator or syringe irrigation. Conclusions: Our phantom is comparable to biological tissue in terms of tissue dissolution and could be utilized for in vitro tests due to its injectability and detectability.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.157-161
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 자체 제작한 3종의 초음파 TM 팬텀의 음향학적 특성 및 온도 민감도를 측정하였으며, 초음파 영상학적 특성을 관찰, 평가하였다. TM 팬텀은 폴리우레탄을 주재료로 국제전기표준회의(International Electronical Committee, IEC) 기준안에 따라 제작하였으며 외부 온도 변화 따른 초음파 영상학적 특성은 $22^{\circ}C$ 이하에서 온도감소에 따라 휘도 및 영상투과심도가 비례하여 감소하는 것이 확인되었다. 본 연구를 통하여 산란재 특성이 상이한 TM 팬텀을 제작하는 기초자료를 제공하였으며, TM 팬텀의 사용 온도는 $22^{\circ}C$ 이상에서 사용하는 것이 적합한 것으로 판단되었다.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.153-159
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• 2014

As the number of treatments in the therapeutic ultrasound field targeted at fat tissue increase, the performance of the equipment should be evaluated for safety using a fat phantom. In this study, a fat phantom was fabricated using olive oil and a tissue-mimicking material (TMM) phantom. To evaluate the acoustic properties of the TMM phantom according to the changes in the olive oil, the composition ratio of a liquid mixture of olive oil with a surfactant was adjusted from 5-20% in 5% steps. The acoustic properties of the phantom were evaluated using the sound velocity, attenuation coefficient, density, and acoustic impedance. The experimental results showed that the sound velocity decreased with increasing amount of olive oil but the other acoustic properties did not change. In addition, the phantom using an olive-oil mixture with a 15% composition ratio was most similar to the acoustic characteristics of fat tissue with a sound velocity of 1477.35 m/s, an attenuation coefficient of 0.514 dB/MHz-cm, a density of $1.07g/cm^3$, and an acoustic impedance of 1.575 MRayl. These experimental results are expected contribute to the accuracy of the results using a TMM phantom and will be useful for the therapeutic ultrasound field targeted at subcutaneous fat tissue.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.985-991
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• 2023

온열치료의 품질관리를 위해서 조직등가 팬텀이 필요하다. 그러나 이를 위한 팬텀이 없어 한천으로 만든 팬텀이 여러 연구에서 사용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 한천 팬텀의 조직등가 특성을 조직등가 물질 볼루스와 비교하여 확인하였다. 한천 팬텀과 볼루스의 CT 영상을 획득하고 영상분석과 전산화 치료계획 시스템을 이용한 선량계산으로 조직등가 특성을 확인하였다. 평균 픽셀값은 볼루스에서 96.960 ± 10.999, 3% 한천 팬텀에서는 108.559 ± 8.233, 4% 한천 팬텀에서 111.844 ± 8.651의 값을 보였다. 6 MV 엑스선을 SSD 기법으로 1.5 cm 깊이에 100 cGy를 처방하여 10×10cm²로 조사하여 빔의 중심축에서 깊이에 따른 흡수선량을 계산하였다. 볼루스, 3% 한천 팬텀, 4% 한천 팬텀의 심부선량분포의 급내상관계수는 0.979(p<.001, 95%CI .957-.991)로 나타났다. 흡수선량을 계산한 지점의 밀도(g/cm³)는 볼루스에서 0.990 ± 0.020, 3% 한천 팬텀에서 1.018 ± 0.020, 4% 한천 팬텀에서 1.035 ± 0.024로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 CT영상의 분석과 전산화 방사선치료계획 시스템을 이용해 한천 팬텀의 내부 밀도 분포와 균일도가 조직등가 물질로서 적절함을 확인하였다.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.291-299
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• 2014

초음파에 의한 온도상승효과를 조사하기 위한 생체 모의매질을 제안하였다. 생체와 유사한 음향특성을 가지며 내부온도분포의 관찰이 가능한 투명도를 확보하기 위하여 카라기난(carrageenan) 젤을 선택하였다. 매질 내부의 온도상승효과를 가시화 하기 위하여 온도에 따라 변색되는 시온필름을 사용하였으며 카라기난의 농도 및 첨가제로 사용한 수크로스(sucrose)의 농도에 따른 생체 모의매질의 음향특성을 조사하였다. 그 결과, 카라기난 및 수크로스의 농도를 조절함으로써 음향감쇠계수를 0.44~0.49 dB/cm/MHz의 범위에서 제어할 수 있었으며 음향임피던스의 경우 1.52~1.77 Mrayls의 범위에서 제어가능함을 확인했다. 제안된 생체 모의매질은 첨가제 및 카라기난의 농도에 따라 생체조직에 대응되는 음향특성을 갖도록 제어할 수 있었으며 초음파에 의한 매질내부의 온도상승 관찰이 가능하였다. 제안된 모의매질을 이용하여 평면 및 집속 초음파에 의한 온도상승효과를 비침습적으로 가시화하여 확인함으로써 본 제안법의 유효성을 검증하였다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.273-282
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• 1993

This study is concerned with the temperature dependence characteristics of ultrasound parameters in biological tissues, which are basic on the noninvasive deep body temperature estimation. Used parameters are ultrasonic attenuation coefficient and sound velocity In order to accomplishment our purpose, several signal processing methods were used. Attenua4iorl coefficient was estimated by spectral difference method and sound velocity was estimated by P-P method. And we also examined these methods through a series of IN VITRO experi mentis that used tissue-mimicking phantom samples and biological tissue samples. In order to imitate the biological soft tissue two kinds of phantom samples are used, one is agar phantom sample which is composed of agar, graphite, N-propyl alcohol and distilled water, and the other is fat phantom sample which is composed of pure animal fat. And the ultrasound transmission mode and reflection mode experiments are performed on the pig's spleen, kidney and fat. As a result, it is found that the temperature characteristics are uniform in case of phan- tom samples but not in biological tissues because of complicate wave propagation within them. Consequently, the possibility of temperature measurement using ultrasound on biological tissue is confirmed and its results may contribute to the establishment of reference values of internal temperature measurement of biological tissues.

• 한국가시화정보학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.54-59
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• 2010

A laser moxibustion therapy device having effect similar to that of traditional moxibustion is being developed using 1064 nm infrared laser. The therapy device allows direct interaction of laser light with the tissue rendering temperature distribution both on the skin surface and deep under the skin. We made a device that could measure temperature of deep under the surface of agar gel tissue phantom using thermocouples. A thermal imaging camera was used to verify results from the temperature measurement device. We compared the characteristics of heat transfer inside the tissue phantom during moxibustion and laser irradiation. The temperature distribution measured by thermocouples was found to be similar to that of distribution given by thermal imaging camera.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.427-433
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• 2018

비침습적 치료 효과에 대한 기대로 집속 초음파를 이용한 하지정맥류 치료에 대한 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 초음파 정맥류 정맥 치료 효과 평가에 적용할 수 있는 생체 조직 팬텀과 조직 등가 팬텀을 제시 하였다. 제작된 팬텀은 음향학적 특징과 초음파 조사에 따른 수축률을 평가함으로써 유용성을 평가하였다. 하지정맥류가 발생하는 조직의 구조를 고려하여 피부, 지방, 근육의 세 층으로 된 다층 구조 팬텀을 제작하였으며, 각 층을 구성하는 물질은 인체와 유사한 특성을 갖도록 제작하였다. 또한 혈관 유사물질을 매식한 다층 구조 팬텀과 동물 혈관을 이용한 다층 구조 팬텀, 동물 조직을 이용한 다층 구조 팬텀을 제작하였으며, 초음파 조사에 따른 혈관 유사 물질 및 혈관 조직의 수축 정도를 B-mode 영상을 이용하여 평가하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 통하여 제시된 팬텀이 초음파 하지정맥류 치료 평가에 유효하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다. 또한, 집속 초음파를 이용한 하지정맥류 치료 장비 개발 및 치료 효과 검증에 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.91-97
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• 2015

PURPOSE: In this study investigated the thermal effect in tissue mimicking phantom by the material of the ultrasonic transducer in low intensity sonication. METHODS: The material of the ultrasonic transducer was made of ceramic, stainless steel, aluminum. Korea Testing Laboratory was measured of the three kinds of materials the total output of the ultrasonic transducer. Each material was measured core temperature and the actual output depending on the type of transducer. Agarose tissue mimicking phantom and silicone tissue mimicking phantom was made. Transducers made of three kinds of materials were emitted in the phantom. It is shown as a graph about time and temperature and the surface temperature rising speed and deep temperature rise rate was investigated. RESULTS: Ceramic transducers were highest output. Higher than the stainless steel transducer, aluminum had the lowest total output. Deep temperature was the highest in the ceramic transducer, and the surface temperature was the highest in the stainless steel transducer. Thermal images of ceramic transducer showed that a valid output is formed deeper wider than the metal. CONCLUSION: Ceramic transducer is confirmed the excellence than the metal transducer in deep thermal effect and the actual output of the ultrasound.

• 한국연소학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2011

We demonstrated heat generation efficiency of the magnetic hyperthermia system to find optimal condition using gelatin tissue phantom. Magnetic hyperthermia induction can be used to make heat generation with different concentration of $Fe_3O_4$ iron oxide inside tissue phantom and magnetically labeled cells by applying AC magntic field at a frequency of 145 kHz. It was observed that the maximum temperature achieved in the magnetic gelatin tissue phantom increased with the concentration of $Fe_3O_4$ iron oxide and alternating magnetic field intensity. Results were discussed with respect to further optimization of therapeutic technique for biomedical application with modified functional nanoparticles.