• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.544-550
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• 2003

납과 산수유 열수 추출물을 6주간 급여하여 사육한 흰쥐의 식이섭취량, 음용수 섭취량, 체중증가량과 식이효율에서 흰쥐의 평균 체중 증가량과 식이섭취량은 정상군에 비하여 납 단독 급여군이 낮은 증가를 보였다. 간 장기 조직의 중량은 납 단독 급여군이 정상군에 비하여 증가하였다. 납 해독에 미치는 영향은 각 장기 조직에서 정상군과 산수유 급여군은 납 단독 급여군에 비하여 유의적으로 낮은 증가를 보였다. 반면에 납과 산수유 병합급여군은 정상군에 가깝게 회복되어 산수유가 어느 정도 조직을 보호하는 것으로 생각된다. 혈청 중의 AST와 ALT 활성은 정상군에 비하여 납 단독 투여군이 유의적으로 증가되었으며, 산수유 추출물 급여군은 억제되었다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.95-110
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• 1982

For the purpose of investigation to identify the quantities of heavy metals contained in the tissues of the Korean people, a series of analyses was conducted with atomic absorption spectrophotometry to measure the amount of lead, cadmium and copper distributed in various tissues, such as brain, liver, kidney, heart, lung, spleen, large intestine, hair, muscle, fat, stomach, costal cartilage, blood and urine, obtained from 30 cadaverous bodies who were believed not exposed to the said heavy metals during their life time either occupationally or therapeutically. 1. Lead content: Inter-individual difference was noted in lead contents in each tissue, vis., the average content of lead in hair was the highest with $14.90{\pm}9.74ppm$. The next was in costal cartilage that contained $5.56{\pm}3.86ppm$. The average contents of lead in liver, kidney and muscle were the lowest in value, showing $1.11{\pm}0.92ppm,\;0.73{\pm}0.48ppm\;and\;0.06{\pm}0.06ppm$, respectively, The lead contents in tissues of children under the age of 10 were significantly lower than those of adults, and the higher values were shown in males than in females in general. The lead contents in most of the tissues such as hair, costal cartilage, kidney, lung, fat, stomach, large intestine, heart, muscle and urine were well correlated with age. 2. Cadmium content: The average content of cadmium in kidney appeared to be the highest of other tissues showing $20.72{\pm}9.82ppm$, and liver came next with the value of $1.17{\pm}0.99ppm$. It was estimated that 83.9% of the total cadmium absorbed into the body was stored in kidney, 4.796 in liver, and the remaining 11.4% was distributed in the rest of the tissues. Cadmium contents in tissues showed difference between both sexes showing higher values in the females than in the males, which was quite contrary to the lead content. Cadmium contents in tissues steadily increased in amount with age, showing a significant correlation with age in all tissues. 3. Copper content: The average content of copper in hair was the highest with $10.36{\pm}2.21ppm$, and liver came next with $6.31{\pm}1.24ppm$. The copper that was absorbed into the body was distributed in each tissue: 29.9% in hair, 18.2% in liver, $5{\sim}11.0%$ in brain, heart and kidney, and $3.0{\sim}3.5%$ in stomach, blood, and lung. The copper contents in tissues of children under the age of 10 showed significantly higher values in liver, kidney, heart and large intestine than those of the adults. The copper contents in brain, costal cartilage and fat were well correlated with age showing the highest correlation coefficient of 0.870 (p<0.01) in brain tissue. There was no difference in copper contents in tissues between both sexes, and the values were, in general, lower than those for Japanese.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.15-26
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• 1996

환경오염의 생물학적 감시수단으로서의 비둘기의 활용가능성을 알아보기 위해, 대기 및 토양의 오염이 다르다고 생각되는 대구시 도심지의 도로변, 대구시의 공원과 경주시에서 비둘기를 포획하여 각 조직내 연농도를 측정하고, 그 장소에서 대기 및 토양내의 연농도를 측정하였다. 대기 중의 연농도는 대구시 도심지역이 $0.11{\mu}g/m^3$, 대구시 공원지역이 $0.05{\mu}g/m^3$, 경주시가 $0.03{\mu}g/m^3$을 대구시 도심지역이 가장 높았으며, 토양의 연농도는 대구시 도심지역이 $4.96{\mu}g/g$ 대구시 공원지역이 $2.65{\mu}g/g$, 경주시가 $0.01{\mu}g/g$로 대구시 도심지역이 역시 가장 높았다. 비둘기 조직내 연농도는 대구시의 도심지 도로주변에 서식하는 비둘기에서 위장을 제외한 간장, 폐장, 신장, 대퇴골, 혈액에서 대구시 공원 비둘기와 경주시의 비둘기보다 유의하게 높은 연농도를 보였으며(p<0.01), 비둘기의 조직내의 연농도는 세 지역 모두 대퇴골에서 가장 높았다. 비둘기의 각 조직 중 연농도와 대기 중 연농도는 대퇴골과 뚜렷한 상관관계를 보였으며, 그 외 위장을 제외한 간장, 신장, 혈액에서 유의한 상관관계를 보였다. 토양 중 연농도도 대기 중 연농도와 마찬가지로 대퇴골에서 상관계수가 가장 높았으며, 간장, 신장에서도 토양과의 유의한 상관관계를 보였다. 각 장기별로 대기 중 연농도가 토양의 연농도보다 상관관계가 더 높은 것으로 보아 비둘기 조직내 연 축적은 소화기를 통한 흡수보다 호흡기를 통한 흡수가 더 주된 경로로 추측된다. 비둘기의 조직간의 연농도는 혈액과 신장간의 연농도의 상관계수가 0.4850,대퇴골과 폐장간의 상관계수가 0.4848, 대퇴골과 간장의 상관계수가 0.4842로서 유의 한 상관관계(p<0.001)를 보였으며, 그 외의 조직간에는 유의한 상관관계는 없었다. 대도시 중심지에서 서식하는 비둘기에서 위장을 제외한 모든 채집조직에서 대도시 공원이나, 중소도시에 서식하는 비둘기의 조직에서보다 유의하게 높은 연농도를 보였으며 이 세 곳에서 대기와 토양내의 연농도와 각각 비둘기 조직내의 연농도간의 유의한 상관관계를 보였다. 이상의 결과로 보아 오염에 대한 생물학적 지표로 이용 가능한 동물 중 대도시에서 흔히 구할 수 있고 다른 동물에 비해 그 지역의 오염 정도를 잘 반영할 수 있는 생리적, 행동학적 특성을 가지고 있는 점 등을 고려할 때 대기 및 토양 오염에 대한 생물학적 지표로 비둘기의 활용성이 높을 것으로 생각한다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.276-283
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• 2009

Enrichment in nutrients coming from urban sewage outfalls can lead to eutrophication in coastal areas, which can also change the species composition and community structure of macro algal communities. We investigated the structure of the macro algal community within three rocky shores in order to assess any possible differences in their characteristics. Site 1 was located near Tongyeong city's sewage outfall, Site 2 was located near a public beach area, and Site 3 faced open channel of the Ocean. All three sites were located within the same stretch of the coast, where Site 2 was located between sites 1 and 3. We measured the nutrient concentration in water and the tissue nitrogen content in macro algae samples. Nutrients in the water column surrounding site 1 were high in ammonium ($30.2\pm1.8{\mu}M$), nitrate ($26.2{\pm}0.1{\mu}M$), and phosphate ($2.7{\pm}0.1{\mu}M$) content, and were characterized by low numbers of macroalgal species and species and a low species diversity index. In contrast, site 3 exhibited relatively low nutrient concentration levels and a high number of macroalgal species and a high species diversity index. Comparative analysis showed that the tissue nitrogen content of macroalgae were significantly (P<0.05) affected by the nutrient concentration in the water column. The tissue nitrogen content of green algae within site 1 was higher than the others sites. However, the tissue nitrogen content of brown algae was similar at all three sites. Thus, the tissue nitrogen content of macro algae and the macro algal community structure of intertidal rocky shores were dependent on location and the performance of macroalgal communities was dependent on water quality.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.1046-1056
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• 2016

RV-23 is a melittin-related antibacterial peptide (MRP) with lower cytotoxicity than either melittin or AR-23, another MRP. The aim of this study was to explore the mechanism of RV-23's antibacterial selectivity and its hemocompatibility. The results showed that all the peptides exhibited lytic activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, with RV-23 showing the highest potency. Moreover, RV-23 had lower cytotoxicity than melittin or AR-23 at their minimal inhibitory concentration. In addition, CD experiments showed that melittin, RV-23, and AR-23 all had a typical α-helical structure, and RV-23 had the lowest α-helix content. The structural information showed that RV-23 has the lowest hydrophobicity and highest hydrophobic moment. Because hydrophobicity and α-helix content are believed to correlate with hemolysis, the results indicate that the selective lytic activity against bacteria of RV-23 may be due to its low hydrophobicity and α-helicity, which lead to low cytotoxicity without affecting antibacterial activity. Furthermore, RV-23 did not affect the structure and function of blood components such as red blood cells, platelets, albumin, and the blood coagulation system. In conclusion, RV-23 is a cell-selective antibacterial peptide with high hemocompatibility due to its unique structure.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.138-144
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• 2001

This study was performed to investigate the influence of Chlorella which effected the change of Pb contents, enzyme activity and lipid compounds on the rats fed the beverage involved Pb and the different contented Chlorella added-diets for 18weeks. The rat's weight of 200ppm Pb group was decreased 6.04% and the cause of that was Pb intake. But the rat's weight of Chlorella added-diets +200ppm Pb group was increased 4.02% (p<0.01). When feeding the different(0%, 2%, 5%, 10% ) Chlorella added-diets with the Pb contented beverage to the rats, we could know that the Pb contents accumulated on tissue were decreased to 20.70(0%), 12.88(2%), 14.83 (5%) and 19.56(10%), compared with the quantity of Pb taken in. Total-cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose content and AST, ALT, ALP, LDH enzyme activity in serum were the highest on 200ppm Pb group and those were decreased by the order of different(2%∼5% >10%) Chlorella contents + 200ppmPb group. A significance was recognized on the level of 1%. Therefore, when rats were exposed to Pb, it was thought that the amount of Chlorella intake was adequate on content 2∼5% for reducing the lead toxicity.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.914-919
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• 2000

갈근은 두과식물로서 우리나라를 비롯한 동남아 지역에서 자생하는 식물로 간질환 치료에 많이 이용되어 오는 전통 식품으로 음용수 대신 3% 갈근 추출물과 납을 흰쥐에게 4주 동안 경구 투여 한 후 각 장기 무게, 간, 폐, 위, 신장, 심장 및 비장 조직의 납함량과 혈청중의 GPT, GOT, LDH, ChEase의 함량을 조사하였다. 최종일 체중을 보면 대조군이 298.15 g으로 납-단독 투여군은 $203.38{\sim}214.76\;g$으로 대조군에 비하여 감소하였다. 각 장기 무게에서 대조군은 갈근 추출물에 비하여 전체적으로 증가하였고, 납 단독 투여군은 갈근추출물-납 동시 투여군에 비하여 감소 하였다. 각 조직의 납 함량에서 납 단독 투여군은 대조군, 갈근추출물-납 동시 투여군에 비하여 증가하였으며 각 군간에 유의적인 차이가 인정되었다. GPT, GOT의 활성도에서 대조군은 각각 78.07, 104.80, 갈근 추출물군은 각각 63.46, 96.44로 대조군 보다 감소하였고, 납 단독 투여군은 $83.96{\sim}88.02,\;133.07{\sim}139.62$, 갈근추출물과 납 동시 투여 군에서는 $43.50[\sim}51.40,\;96.00{\sim}99.80$으로 납 단독 투여군에 비하여 유의적으로 감소하였다. LDH에서 대조군은 499.33, 갈근 추출물군은 213.60으로 대조군에 비하여 감소하였으며, 납 단독투여 군은 $595.30{\sim}615.50$, 갈근추출물과 납 동시 투여군은 $161.80{\sim}247.00$으로 납 단독 투여군 보다 LDH활성이 감소되었다. ChEase 활성은 대조군은 70.60, 갈근 추출물은 81.60으로 대조군보다 약 15.6% 증가하였고, 납 단독 투여군은 갈근 추출물-납 동시 투여군에 비하여 약 $42{\sim}73%$의 증가를 가져왔다.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.158-162
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• 1974

Some ecological attributes of perennial plants and Pb contamination were analyzed for study plots near an entrance of Nevade Test Site at Mercury Valley, Nye County, Nevada. The surface of the desert pavement soil was composed of stones (1 to 4cm diameter). The underside of each stone was coated with coarse and fine sand (about 90%). The profiles of soil were constituted with the A-horizon and C-horizon only. The soil pH at the plots ranges from 7.6 to 8.5, C/N was 13 and cation exchange capacity showed 15me/100g. Nine species and 42 number of individuals were found in all plots. Franseria dumosa and Larrea divaricata were dominant species. The discrete clumps of vegetation were consisted of 9 species of common perennials and these were covered about 25% on desert pavement, on the other words, bare area without vegetation was about 75%. The size and spacing of the plants was irregular. Community coefficient as comparison between shrub species in these study area and those in near the low elevation desert indicated a low degree of similarity. Density, cover and productivity in the study plots as compared with those in the nearest study areas in Mercury Valley showed a higher value. The soils in the studied area involved high heavy metal contents in the plant tissue was higher than those of its soil. The leavds of Lycium andersonii tended to accumulate more Zn and Mo than those of the other species. Larrea divaricata leaves accumulated very high leaves of Fe and Ephedra nevadensis were generally high in Mn. Lead contamination was apparent in foliage of desert vegetation collected alongside the roadway, reflecting the variation in traffic volume. Lead contents greater than fifteen-fold of normal (low traffic) were found in plant foliage alongside the heavily traveled roadway. Lead content of old foliage by the heavily traveled roadway was as much as 129 ppm but that of new foliage 17 ppm only.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.109-115
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• 1993

식이 단백질과 칼슘의 수준이 납중독된 흰쥐의 체내무기질 함량에 미치는 영향을 관찰하기 위해, 흰쥐에게 납 2,000ppm을 함유한 식수를 제한없이 주면서, 식이 단백질과 칼슘 수준을 각각 3수준, 사육 기간을 3주와 7주로한, 3$\times$3$\times$2 요인 실험으로 설계하고 대조군을 별도로 설정하여 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 혈청, 간 및 대퇴골의 칼슘 함량은 납 급여시 감소하였고, 혈청과 대퇴골에서는 식이 단백과 칼슘 함량이 낮을수록 감소를 나타냈으나, 간은 식이 종류에 따른 차이를 보이지 않았다. 신장의 칼슘 함량은 납 급여나 식이 종류에 따른 영향을 받지 않았다. 혈청 철 함량은 칼슘 섭취량이 많으면, 납 급여의 영향을 받지 않았지만, 간의 철 함량은 칼슘이 충분한 고단백 식이를 섭취한 경우만 영향을 받지 않았다. 혈청 구리 함량은 납 급여시 감소하였고, 식이 단백과 칼슘 함량이 적을수록 감소하였다. 간의 구리 함량은 고칼슘군은 납 급여의 영향을 받지 않았으나, 나머지군들은 감소하였다. 혈청 아연 함량은 저단백-저칼슘군에서만 납 급여의 영향을 받아 감소하였고, 간의 아연 함량은 납 급여나 식이 단백 및 칼슘의 영향을 받지 않았다. 혈청 마그네슘 함량은 식이 단백과 칼슘이 동시에 부족할 때, 납 급여의 영향을 받아 감소하였다. 간의 마그네슘 함량은 납 급여시 감소하였고, 식이 단백 함량이 낮을수록 감소하였다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.392-400
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• 2010

The electrospinning process was established as a promising method to fabricate nano and micro-textured scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. A BCP-loaded PCL micro-textured scaffold thus can be a viable option. The biocompatibility as well as the mechanical properties of such scaffold materials should be optimized for this purpose. In this study, a composite scaffold of poly ($\varepsilon$-caprolactone) (PCL)-biphase calcium phosphate (BCP) was successfully fabricated by electrospinning. EDS and XRD data show successful loading of BCP nano particles in the PCL fibers. Morphological characterization of fibers shows that with a higher loaded BCP content the fiber surface was rougher and the diameter was approximately 1 to 7 ${\mu}m$. Tensile modulus and ultimate tensile stress reached their highest values in the PCL- 10 wt% BCP composite. When content of nano ceramic particles was low, they were dispersed in the fibers as reinforcements for the polymer matrix. However, at a high content of ceramic particles, the particles tend to agglomerate and lead to decreasing tensile modulus and ultimate stress of the PCL-BCP composite mats. Therefore, the use of nano BCP content for distribution in fiber polymer using BCP for reinforcement is limited. Tensile strain decreased with increasing content of BCP loading. From in vitro study using MG-63 osteoblast cells and L-929 fibroblast like cells, it was confirmed that electrospun PCL-BCP composite mats were biocompatible and that spreading behavior was good. As BCP content increased, the area of cell spreading on the surface of the mats also increased. Cells showed the best adherence on the surface of composite mats at 50 wt% BCP for both L-929 fibroblast-like cells and MG-63 osteoblast cell. PCL- BCP composites are a promising material for application in bone scaffolds.