• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.219-224
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• 1997

The pancreas is an important organ in the maintenance of zine homeostasis. The pancreatic tissue used in this study was obtained from rats fed varying levels of dietary Ca nd phytate followed by intraperitoneal {TEX}${65}^Zn${/TEX} injection. THe objective of this study was to determine the molecular size and distribution of compounds that may represent zinc-binding complexes in pancreatic tissue homogenates. The supernatant of the homogenized pancreatic tissue was separated using a Sephadex G-75 column with Tris buffer at pH 8.1. All subfractions were assayed for zinc, protein and {TEX}${65}^Zn${/TEX} activity. The elution of subfractions from pancreatic tissue homogenates showed a prominent peak corresponding to the high molecular weight protein standard (>66kd). A sall molecular weigth protein (<6.5kd), that was absorbed at 280nm, was also present: prominently in low Ca group, however not much as in high Ca group. These small compounds may combine weakly with zinc in pancreatic tissue an serve as zinc-binding ligands in pancreatic/biliary fluid. In the duodenum, these ligands dissociate zinc into an ionic form which becomes vulnerable to phytate complexation.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.9-17
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• 1972

This experiment was carried out to investigate systematically how the aerobic metabolic capacity of renal tissue reduced by the effects of a period of induced ischemia. Aerobic metabolic studies were performed on homogenates of cortex and medulla of rabbits. Ischemia was induced by occluding the renal vein or renal artery of the left kidney for an hour. The right kidney used as a paired control. Aerobic metabolism was asesssed by measuring the oxygen consumption using the Warburg's manometric apparatus. The results are summarized as follows: 1. One hour of occlusive ischemia does not increase in the kidney weight in the renal arterial occlusion but increase in the renal venous occlusion. 2. Occlusion of either the renal vein or renal artery for an hour did not reduce to any significant degree the level of endogenous substrate in cortical homogenates as measured the rates of $0_2$ consumption. 3. A significant reduction in the rate of $C_2$ consumption was noted in the medullary homogenates of renal venous occluded kidneys while renal arterial occlusion had less of an effect. 4. The capaciy of homogenates for aerobic metabolism is not reduced by acute ischemia, because of the higher rate of oxygen consumption induced by exogenous glucose in renal vein occlusion. 5. The oxygen consumption of medullary homogenate more decreased to acute ischemia than cortical homogenates. The results of this investigation suggest that one hour circulatory stasis does not reduce major potential capacity of renal cortical tissue at the subcellular level to produce energy. In contrast, the aerobic metabolism of medullary tissue is reduced by renal ischemia. Further, both cortex and medulla appear to be more sensitive to ischemia induced by renal venous occlusion than by renal arterial occlusion.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.169-176
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• 1996

An indirect double antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for rapid detection of a new virus isolated from abnormally swimming salmonid fish, RVS (Retrovirus of salmonid). Results using brain tissue homogenates, and infected cell cultures are described. The sensitivity of the methods is $10^{2.6}$ $TCID_{50}/100{\mu}l$ of the examined cell culture fluid. The specificity was confirmed by the ELISA inhibition test and virological examinations. Viral antigen could be detected in artificially infected fish tissue homogenates. The assay will allow the diagnosis of RVS-infected fish within a day.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.1457-1463
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• 2016

Vibrio anguillarum, a devastating pathogen causing vibriosis among marine fish, is prevailing in worldwide fishery industries and accounts for grievous economic losses. Therefore, a rapid on-site detection and diagnostic technique for this pathogen is in urgent need. In this study, two mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against V. anguillarum, 6B3-C5 and 8G3-B5, were generated by using hybridoma technology and their isotypes were characterized. MAb 6B3-C5 was chosen as the detector antibody and conjugated with quantum dots. Based on MAb 6B3-C5 labeled with quantum dots, a modified dot blot assay was developed for the on-site determination of V. anguillarum. It was found that the method had no cross-reactivity with other than V. anguillarum bacteria. The detection limit (LOD) for V. anguillarum was 1 × 10³ CFU/ml in cultured bacterial suspension samples, which was a 100-fold higher sensitivity than the reported colloidal gold immunochromatographic test strip. When V. anguillarum was mixed with turbot tissue homogenates, the LOD was 1 × 10³ CFU/ml, suggesting that tissue homogenates did not influence the detection capabilities. Preenrichment with the tissue homogenates for 12 h could raise the LOD up to 1 × 10² CFU/ml, confirming the reliability of the method.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.300-307
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• 1999

The enzyme activities and antioxidative of tocopherol and ascorbate were investigated at the levels of liver, kidney homogenates and sera of SD-rats intoxicated with tetrachlorocarbon$CCl_4$. GOT and GPT activities of sera in the $CCl_4$ group were 3, 6 times increased compared to normal group. But they tended to decrease significantly in tocopherol and ascorbate administered group. As for BUN and total cholesterol they were the same. HDL-cholesterol in the $CCl_4$group was 42% decreased compared to normal group. HDL-cholesterol was about 26% increased in the tocopherol group and tocopherol ascorbate group compared to $CCl_4$ group. MDA and SOD activities in the liver and the kidney tissue homogenates were significantly increased in $CCl_4$ group compared to normal group. But they were decreased significantly in the tocopherol group and tocopherol-ascorbate group compared to $CCl_4$ group. In view of this study tocopherol and ascorbated were ascorbate were effective on the detoxication of liver and kidney injury.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.264-269
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• 2013

Silymarin has been introduced fairly recently as a hepatoprotective agent. But its mechanisms of action still have not been well established. The aim of this study was to make alcoholic fatty liver model of rats in a short time and investigate silymarin's protective effects and possible mechanisms on alcoholic fatty liver for rats. The model of rat's alcoholic fatty liver was induced by intragastric infusion of ethanol and high-fat diet for six weeks. Histopathological changes were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining (HE). The activities of alanine transarninase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), the levels of total bilirubin (TBIL), total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) in serum were detected with routine laboratory methods using an autoanalyzer. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver homogenates were measured by spectrophotometry. The TG content in liver tissue was determined by spectrophotometry. The expression of nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ (NF-${\kappa}B$), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the liver were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Silymarin effectively protected liver from alcohol-induced injury as evidenced by improving histological damage situation, reducing ALT and AST activities and TBIL level in serum, increasing SOD and GPx activities and decreasing MDA content in liver homogenates and reducing TG content in liver tissue. Additionally, silymarin markedly downregulated the expression of NF-${\kappa}B$ p65, ICAM-1 and IL-6 in liver tissue. In conclusion, Silymarin could protect against the liver injury caused by ethanol administration. The effect may be related to alleviating lipid peroxidation and inhibiting the expression of NF-${\kappa}B$.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.165-173
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• 1991

The purpose of the present study was to measure and compare the arachidonic acid metabolites in diseased periodontal tissue and vital pulp tissue of the tooth, and to investigate the relationship between periodontal and pulp disease. Diseased periodontal tissue of periodontally involved human teeth and vital pulp tissue from the same teeth which were intact with no periapical lesions were obtained. Each periodontal and pulp tissue homogenates from the same tooth were incubated with $^{14}C$ - arachidonic acid. Lipid solvent extracts were separated by thin layer chromatography to be analyzed by autoradiography and TLC analyzer. 1. The conversion into $TXB_2$, 6 - keto - $PGF_{1a}$ and $PGE_2$, and unidentified metabolite in pulp tissue were less than that in diseased periodontal tissue(P<0.05). 2. Biosynthetic levels of $TXB_2$, unidentified metabolite, 6 - keto - $PGF_{1a}$ and HETEs were not satistically significant between diseased periodontal tissue and pulp tissue. $LTB_4$ was measured highly in pulp tissue(P<0.1). 3. The percentage of each metabolite to the total converted metabolites were not statistically significant between diseased periodontal tissue and pulp tissue. But the percentage of $LTB_4$ in pulp tissue was higher than that in diseased periodontal tissue(P<0.05). 4. The relative amounts of the total metabolites formed in lipoxygenase pathway to those formed in cyclo - oxygenase pathway were 6 fold in diseased periodontal tissue and 12 fold in pulp tissue. But there was no statistical significance between diseased periodontal tissue and pulp tissue(P>0.05).

• BMB Reports
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.593-596
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• 2003

The effects of $N{\omega}$-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME) and L-arginine on cardiotoxicity that is induced by doxorubicin (Dox) were investigated. A single dose of Dox 15 mg/kg i.p. induced cardiotoxicity, manifested biochemically by a significant elevation of serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity [EC 2.7.3.2]. Moreover, cardiotoxicity was further confirmed by a significant increase in lipid peroxides, measured as malon-di-aldehyde (MDA) in cardiac tissue homogenates. The administration of L-NAME 4 mg/kg/d p.o. in drinking water 5 days before and 3 days after the Dox injection significantly ameliorated the cardiotoxic effects of Dox, judged by the improvement in both serum CPK activity and lipid peroxides in the cardiac tissue homogenates. On the other hand, the administration of L-arginine 70 mg/kg/d p.o. did not protect the cardiac tissues against the toxicity that was induced by the Dox treatment. The findings of this study suggest that L-NAME can attenuate the cardiac dysfunction that is produced by the Dox treatment via the mechanism(s), which may involve the inhibition of the nitric oxide (NO) formation. L-NAME may, therefore, be a beneficial remedy for cardiotoxicity that is induced by Dox and can then be used to improve the therapeutic index of Dox.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.111-119
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• 1970

Alterations of H-and M-isozymes of Lactic Dehydrogenase(LDH) were observed in the various tissues after exposing the rats to 50ppm and 250ppm of sulfur dioxide. These isozymes of the respective tissue were separated by Diethlaminoethyl (DTAE)-cellulose from the tissue homogenates of brain, lung and muscle, presenting the activities by rate of reduction of nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide ($NAD^+$). Pure LDH and the coenzyme ($NAD^+$) were directly treated with sulfur dioxide in vitro in order to find out the direct to sulfur dioxide on LDH and $NAD^+$ and the results were as follows. 1. In the normal tissues, the H-isozyme activity was dominant in the brain and heart, and the M-isozyme in the muscle. 2. In the lung tissue of normal rats, there was no difference between the activity of H-and M-type of LDH. 3. When rats inhale sulfur dioxide gas in concentration of 50ppm and 250ppm, it appeared that the H-type tend to be suppressed in aerobic tissues and the M-type in anaerobic tissues. 4. In the lung tissue exposed to sulfur dioxide, both the LDH activities were suppressed. 5. It seems that LDH and the coenzyme ($NAD^+$) are not directly affected by exposing in sulfur dioxide gas.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.1901-1908
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• 2007

The aim of this series of experiments was to examine the opportunity for application of X-ray computer tomography (CT) in cattle production. Firstly, tissue composition of M. longissimus dorsi (LD) cuts between the $11-13^{th}$ ribs (in Exp 1. between the $9-11^{th}$ ribs), was determined by CT and correlated with tissue composition of intact half carcasses prior to dissection and tissue separation. Altogether, 207 animals of different breeds and genders were used in the study. In Exp. 2 and 3, samples were taken from LD cuts, dissected and chemical composition of muscle homogenates was analysed by conventional procedures. Correlation coefficients were calculated among slaughter records, tissues in whole carcasses and tissue composition of rib samples. Results indicated that tissue composition of rib samples determined by CT closely correlated with tissue composition results by dissection of whole carcasses. The findings revealed that figures obtained by CT correlate well with the dissection results of entire carcasses (meat, bone, fat). Close three-way coefficients of correlation (r = 0.80-0.97) were calculated among rib eye area, volume of cut, pixel-sum of adipose tissue determined by CT and intramuscular fat or adipose tissue in entire carcasses. Estimation of tissue composition of carcasses using equations including only CT-data as independent variables proved to be less reliable in prediction of lean meat and bone in carcass ($R^2 = 0.51-0.86$) than for fat (($R^2 = 0.83-0.89$). However, when cold half carcass weight was also included in the equation, the coefficient of determination exceeded $R^2 = 0.90$. In Exp. 3 tissue composition of rib samples by CT were compared to the results of EUROP carcass classification. Findings revealed that CT analysis has higher predictive value in estimation of actual tissue composition of cattle carcasses than EUROP carcass classification.