• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2008년도 추계학술대회A
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• pp.1963-1966
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• 2008

We fabricate and evaluate the metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) transistor probe with the focused-ionbeam (FIB) for surface electric properties. The probes are designed with the rectangular and V-shaped structures, and their dimensions are determined considering the contact mode operation. The conductive nano tip is grown with FIB system, and deposition condition is controlled for the sharp tip. The fabricated device is applied to the various test patterns like the metal lines and PZT poling regions, and the results show the well defined measurement patterns.

• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.49-53
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• 2016

The accurate calculation of bucket tip position has a large influence on showing the motion of an excavator on the display device of the excavator and controlling the excavator automatically. It is generally known that Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) sensors are more accurate than accelerometer-based sensors while the boom, arm or bucket moves because additional forces beyond gravity add additional acceleration to the sensors. To prove the accuracy difference between the two types of sensors, a position recognition system using an accelerometer-based sensor and an IMU sensor is implemented on the excavator. The experimental results show that the system using the IMU sensor significantly reduces the position recognition error while bucket moves and additional force beyond gravity exists.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.124-127
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• 2000

Si FEA로부터 tip의 표면을 Ti 금속으로 silicidation한 새로운 3극형 Ti-silicided Si FEA를 제작하고 이의 전계 방출특성을 조사하였다. 제작된 소자에서 단위 pixel(pixel area : $1000{\mu\textrm{m}}{\times}1000{$\mu\textrm{m}}$, tip array : $200{\mu\textrm{m}}{\times}200{$\mu\textrm{m}}$)을 통해 측정된 전계 방출 특성은 $10^8Torr$의 고진공 상태에서 turn-on 전압이 약 70V로, 아노드 방출전류의 크기와 current degradation이 $V_A=500V,\;V_G=150V$ 바이어스 아래에서 각각 2nA/tip와 0.3%/min로 나타났다. 3극형 Ti-silicided Si FEA의 낮은 turn-on 전압과 높은 전류안정성은 Si tip 표면에 형성된 실리사이드 박막의 열화학적 안정성과 낮은 일함수에 기인하는 것으로 판단된다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.265-269
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• 2014

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of different ultrasonic tip designs on intraradicular post removal. Materials and Methods: The crowns of forty human canine teeth were removed, and after biomechanical preparation and filling, the roots were embedded in acrylic resin blocks. The post spaces were made, and root canal molding was performed with self-cured acrylic resin. After casting (Cu-Al), the posts were cemented with zinc phosphate cement. The specimens were randomly separated into 4 groups (n = 10), as follows: G1 - no ultrasonic vibration (control); G2 - ultrasonic vibration using an elongated cylindrical-shaped and active rounded tip; G3 - ultrasonic vibration with a flattened convex and linear active tip; G4 - ultrasonic vibration with active semicircular tapered tip. Ultrasonic vibration was applied for 15 seconds on each post surface and tensile test was performed in a Universal Testing Machine (Instron 4444 - 1 mm/min). Results: G4 presented the highest mean values, however, with no statistically significant difference in comparison to G3 (p > 0.05). G2 presented the lowest mean values with statistically significant difference to G3 and G4 (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Ultrasonic vibration with elongated cylindrical-shaped and active rounded tip was most effective in reducing force required for intraradicular post removal.

• 한국국방기술학회 논문지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 방충망 필터링 효과를 증가시키기 위한 PVDF 나노섬유를 전기방사하는 방식을 적용하고자 전기방사 장치의 설계에 대한 예비단계의 일환으로 전기장 해석을 여러 공정에 따른 전기장의 해석을 진행하였다. 싱글 노즐을 이용한 전기방사 해석의 경우 Tip의 사이즈가 감소에 따른 전기장 세기의 감소, 전압의 증가에 따른 증가, TCD 거리에 따라서는 영향이 없는 것으로 확인되었다. 멀티 노즐의 Tip 간의 거리에 따른 전기장 해석의 경우 Tip 간의 거리가 가까울수록 전기장의 간섭이 발생하는 것으로 확인할 수 있었으며, 이는 양쪽에 Tip을 두고 있는 중앙에 위치한 Tip에서 더 큰 영향을 끼치는 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서, 이러한 해석적 결과를 바탕으로 실제 실험을 통 Collector의 방사면적을 확인하고 멀티노즐 간의 사이 간격을 설계함으로써 효율적인 공정 라인을 구축하여 생산속도 증가를 기대할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.63-70
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• 2018

In this paper, the design of a novel 6-axis compliance device with force/torque sensing capability and the experiment results on force measurement are presented. Unlike the traditional control methods using a force/torque sensor with very limited compliance, the force control method employs a compliant device to provide sufficient compliance between an industrial robot and a rigid environment for more stable force control. The proposed compliance device is designed to have a diagonal stiffness matrix at the tip and uses strain gauge measurement which is robust to dust and oil. The measurement circuit is designed with low-cost IC chips however the force resolution is 0.04N.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.493-497
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• 2003

The present investigation aims at visualizing the crack tip stress field using a mechanoluminescence material. The well known compound $SrAl_2O_4$:$Eu^{2+}$ was adopted as a mechanolurninescence material. Two more trivalent rare-earth elements such as Dy and Nd were taken into consideration as codopants to provide the appropriate trap levels. Samples of a variety of compositions were prepared by varing $Eu^{2+}$, $Dy^{3+}$, and $Nd^{3+}$ doping contents, for which the combinatorial chemistry method was used. In order to search for the optimum composition for the highest mechanoluminescence, the luminescence induced by a compressive device including a CCD camera. In parallel, a compact tension specimen was prepared by mixing the luminescence powders of optimum composition and epoxy resin. Crack initiation from the mechanically machined sharp note tip and its growth during loading were found to be associated with the extent of light emission from $SrAl_2O_4$.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.166-173
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• 2006

In this study, a probe array has been developed for use in a data storage device that is based on scanning probe microscope (SPM) and MEMS technology. When recording data bits by poling the PZT thin layer and reading them by sensing its piezoresponse, commercial probes of which the tip heights are typically shorter than $3{\mu}m$ raise a problem due to the electrostatic forces occurring between the probe body and the bottom electrode of a medium. In order to reduce this undesirable effect, a poly-silicon probe with a high aspect-ratio tip was fabricated using a molding technique. Poly-silicon probes fabricated by the molding technique have several features. The tip can be protected during the subsequent fabrication processes and have a high aspect ratio. The tip radius can be as small as 15 nm because sharpening oxidation process is allowed. To drive the probe, electrostatic actuation mechanism was employed since the fabrication process and driving/sensing circuit is very simple. The natural frequency and DC sensitivity of a fabricated probe were measured to be 18.75 kHz and 16.7 nm/V, respectively. The step response characteristic was investigated as well. Overshoot behavior in the probe movement was hardly observed because of large squeeze film air damping forces. Therefore, the probe fabricated in this study is considered to be very useful in probe-based data storages since it can stably approach toward the medium and be more robust against external shock.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• 제4권6호
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• pp.748-755
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• 2006

In this paper, a trade-off design and fabrication of IPMC(Ionic Polymer Metal Composites) as an actuator for a flapping device have been described. Experiments for the internal solvent loss of IPMCs have been conducted for various combinations of cation and solvent in order to find out the best combination of cation and solvent for minimal solvent loss and higher actuation force. From the experiments, it was found that IPMCs with heavy water as their solvent could operate longer. Relations between length/thickness and tip force of IPMCs were also quantitatively identified for the actuator design from the tip force measurement of 200, 400, 640, and $800{\mu}m$ thick IPMCs. All IPMCs thicker than $200{\mu}m$ were processed by casting $Nafion^{TM}$ solution. The shorter and thicker IPMCs tended to generate higher actuation force but lower actuation displacement. To improve surface conductivity and to minimize solvent evaporation due to electrically heated electrodes, gold was sputtered on both surfaces of the cast IPMCs by the Physical Vapor Deposition(PVD) process. For amplification of a short IPMC's small actuation displacement to a large flapping motion, a rack-and-pinion type hinge was used in the flapping device. An insect wing was attached to the IPMC flapping mechanism for its flapping test. In this test, the wing flapping device using the $800{\mu}m$ thick IPMC. could create around $10^{\circ}{\sim}85^{\circ}$ flapping angles and $0.5{\sim}15Hz$ flapping frequencies by applying $3{\sim|}4V$.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.62-75
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• 1986

An experimental investigation of the machining characteristics such as cutt- ing resistance, surface roughness and tool wear in turning the test pieces of SM45C steel with both coated and uncoated carbide tool tips under various cutting conditions was conducted. Also a specially designed simple vibration damping device was experimentally evaluated for its effectiveness on machined surface roughness and a vibration test was conducted to confirm its ability to reduce the amplitude. Based on these tests finding, the following conclusions are made; 1. The cutting resistance($\textrm{p}_{1}$) increases as the depth of cut(d) increases at fixed feed rate(f) over the cutting speed(v) range of 43-226 m/min and p decreses about 18% average when V is increased for fixed d and f. At V= 226m/min, $\textrm{p}_{1}$/for A, C tips are about the same level but $\textrm{p}_{1}$ for B tip is 15% less than A, C tips. 2. The specific cutting resistance(Ks) at V=226 m/min was derived for A, B, C tips respectively and the value of Ks for B rip is about 20% less than A, C tips. 3. The surface roughness(Ra) improves significantly as the cutting speed(V) is increased and this effect was greater when V>100 m/min. On the other hand, Ra deteriorates as the feed rate(f) is increased and this trend was accelerated when f>0.3 mm/rev. With regard to the difference of Ra values among A, B, C tips, at V=226m/min, d=0.4mm, and f=0.31-0.61mm/rev, Ra values for B.C tips are about 17% less than tip A. 4. The experimental tool wear equations were derived for A, B, C tips and from these equations, the tool life($\textrm{T}_{\textrm{L}}$) baced on the I.S.O. criteria was calculated to be $\textrm{T}_{\textrm{L}}$<$\textrm{T}_{\textrm{LB}}$<$\textrm{T}_{\textrm{LC}}$ for both flank wear($\textrm{V}_{\textrm{B}}$) and boundary wear($\textrm{V}_{\textrm{N}}$). Hence, the coated tips are superior to the uncoated tip and tip C is considered to be the best. 5. The cutting resistance may be slightly reduced and the surface rounghness improved when the damper is used especially when V>100 m/min. Therefore this damping device is considered to be effective and practical. The experimental surface roughness equations were also derived. Based on the vibration test, it is established that the surface roughness improvement was the result of amplitude reduction made possible by the damper.