• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
• /
• 2015.11a
• /
• pp.224-225
• /
• 2015

폐솔더 박리액으로부터 주석 및 구리의 분리를 위하여 옥살레이트 침전을 통해 각각 금속염으로 회수하기 위한 기초 연구를 실시하였다. 먼저 옥살산의 첨가량에 따라 주석의 침전율이 증가하였으며 당량비(옥살산/주석)의 1.0-1.5배를 첨가할 경우 주석이 99.5%, 구리는 2.0% 정도 침전되었고 철, 납 등은 거의 침전되지 않아 주석만 선택적으로 침전되는 것을 확인 하였다. 반응온도 증가에 따라 주석의 침전율은 증가하여 $60^{\circ}C$ 부근에서 최대값을 보이다가 온도가 더 증가하면 오히려 감소 경향을 보였다. 침전물의 고액분리 용이를 위해 카티온성 고분자 응집제를 이용하여 침강시킨 후, 분리된 침전물을 건조, 분쇄하여 $SnO_2$의 산화물을 얻을 수 있었다. 주석이 제거된 폐솔더 박리액에 옥살산을 첨가하여 구리가 약 91% 이상 침전되어 납, 철 등의 금속과 분리하여 선택적으로 회수가 가능하였다.

• Resources Recycling
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.69-77
• /
• 2020

With rapid increasing production and installation, recycling of photovoltaic modules has become the main issue. According to the research, the accumulation of waste modules will reach to 8600 tons in 2030. Moreover, Crystalline-silicon (c-Si) Photovoltaic modules account for more than 90% of the waste. C-Si PV modules contain 1.3% of weight of photovoltaic ribbon inside which contains the most of lead, tin and copper in the PV modules, which would cause environmental and humility problem. This study provided a valuable metal separation process for PV ribbons. Ribbons content 82.1% of Cu, 8.9% of Sn, 5.2% of Pb, and 3.1% of Ag. All of them were leached by 3M of hydrochloric acid in the optimal condition. Ag was halogenated to AgCl and precipitated. Cu ion was extracted and separated from Pb and Sn by Lix984N then stripped by 3M H2SO4. The effect of the optimal parameters of extraction was also studied in this essay. The maximum extraction efficiency of Cu ion was 99.64%. The separation condition of Pb and Sn were obtained by adjusting the pH value to 4 thought ammonia to precipitate and separate Pb and Sn. The recovery of Pb and Sn can reach 99%.

• Resources Recycling
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.45-51
• /
• 2010

Solvent extraction behavior of Sn(IV) from hydrochloric acid solution was investigated using TBP(Tri-butyl Phosphate) as an extractant. The experimental parameters, such as the concentration of HCl solution, chloride ions, extractant, and Sn were observed. Experimental results showed that the extraction percent of Sn was increased with increasing the hydrochloric acid and chloride ion concentration. More than 98% of Sn was extracted in 7.0 M HCl by 10% TBP. The optimum extraction stages of Sn for continuous extraction process was theoretically calculated by analysizing the McCabe-Thiele diagram. Stripping of Sn from the loaded organic phases can be accomplished by NaOH as a stripping reagent effectively and 99.3% of Sn was stripped by 2.0M NaOH solution.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.114-118
• /
• 2013

Separation/recovery of valuable metals such as nickel or tin from copper based alloys has recently attracted from the viewpoints of environmental protection and resource recycling. In this report, preliminary study on concentration and separation of nickel from copper based alloy dross using selective adsorption by chelate resin was performed. The chelate resin used in this study has absorbed copper ions more easily than nickel ions in the metal solution, which could allow the concentration/separation of the nickel from the copper base alloy solution. The final molar ratios of Ni and Cu ions in the two concentrated solutions were 70 and 99 % respectively after three-time flowing the solution through the chelate resin column.

• Resources Recycling
• /
• v.22 no.5
• /
• pp.50-55
• /
• 2013

The recovery of copper from spent photovoltaic ribbon was conducted using thermal treatment method at the range of temperature of $300^{\circ}C$ to $600^{\circ}C$ under inert atmosphere. The coating layer consisted of lead of 68.99 wt.% and tin of 31.21 wt.% was melted down at elevated temperatures and was collected on the bottom of crucible. The chemical composition of copper ribbon after thermal treatment was analyzed by ICP-MS (Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) and the purity of copper was found to be obtained up to about 96 wt.% regardless of temperatures. The cross-sectional area of the specimen was also examined by SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and EDX (energy dispersive X-ray microscopy).

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Resources Recycling Conference
• /
• 2005.05a
• /
• pp.23-27
• /
• 2005

Electrogenerated chlorine leaching of used printed circuit board was Investigated in hydrochloric acid solution. The used printed circuit board contained about 45% of metal component, in which copper was about 84%. The leaching rate was greatly effected by current density and agitation. Utilization of electrogenerated chlorine was enhanced by increasing agitation and lowering current density. Leaching of copper was suppressed, while the minor metal elements, such as aluminum, lead, and tin, dominated the leaching at the initial stage.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
• /
• 2015.11a
• /
• pp.217-218
• /
• 2015

주석은 최근 첨단 전기, 전자 제품의 핵심 소재로써 지속적인 수요 증가가 예상되는 전략 금속이다. 국내의 수요량은 2011년 기준 약 17,000톤 으로 99% 이상 수입에 의존하고 있는 실정이다. 그러나, 국내의 주석 제련 산업은 전무한 상태이며 폐자원에서 재활용하는 회수 기술도 초보 단계이다. 이러한 폐자원 발생량은 12,000톤/year이며, 약 1200억원에 달하는 규모이다. 다양한 폐자원의 선별적 전처리 요소 기술 개발 및 회수 공정 시스템 개발이 절실히 요구된다. 본 연구에서는, 주석 폐자원 중 solder 용융물 및 공정 스크랩 Lead solder, Lead-free solder 등 뿐만 아니라, ITO target 제조 시 발생하는 ITO sludge 등의 고상 폐자원으로부터 페자원의 물성을 파악하여 금속/산화물과의 파/분쇄 및 분급공정을 통하여 고품위의 주석 금속을 회수하였다. 뿐만 아니라, 고순도 주석시 발생하는 양극 슬라임 침출액 등의 액상 폐자원으로부터 희소금속의 추출 및 회수를 위해 습식 전처리 공정을 수행하였다. 침출액은 주석, 구리, 납 등의 유가금속이 이온형태로 존재하고 있으며, Chlorine이 다량 함유되어 있다. 고품위의 주석 산화물을 회수하기 위하여 침출액 내의 구리 제거 공정, Chlorine 제거 공정 등을 순차적으로 수행하여 고품위의 산화물 회수를 수행하였다.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
• /
• v.48 no.5
• /
• pp.430-435
• /
• 2010

Solvent extraction experiments of Rh(III) and Ir(IV) were performed on the HCl solution by using Alamine336 and TBP. The extraction percentage of Rh and Ir by Alamine336 was much higher than that by TBP. For the solvent extraction with Alamine336, the extraction percentage of Rh and Ir decreased with a HCl concentration. However, the extraction percentage of both metals by TBP was below 12% in our experimental range and increased with an increasing HCl concentration of up to 8 M. From the mixed solution of Ir with an excess SnCl$_{2}$, most of the tin was extracted by Alamine336 and TBP. However, the extraction percentage of Ir by Alamine336 was reduced and no iridium was extracted by TBP. The extraction behavior of Ir and Sn was investigated by scrubbing experiments on the loaded Ir with a SnCl$_{2}$ solution.

• Resources Recycling
• /
• v.24 no.5
• /
• pp.33-39
• /
• 2015

A basic study was conducted to effectively recover nitric acid from a waste solder stripper by diffusion dialysis using anion exchange membranes. The effects of flow rate, flux ratio, nitrate concentration, and metallic ion types and concentration on the recovery percentage of nitric acid were investigated. The recovery percentage of nitric acid was decreased with the increase of flow velocity. But the recovery percentage of nitric acid was increased as the increase of flux ratio(W/F) and showing a recovery percentage of nitric acid of about 99% at a flux ratio of 1.5 or more. As the increase of nitric acid concentration in feed solution, the recovery percentage of nitric acid was increased up to 3.0M, but in case of greater than 3.0M, the recovery percentage gradually was decreased. Leakage percentage of metallic ions through the membrane were in the order of Pb, Na and Cu but Fe and Sn did not leakaged. As a result of diffusion dialysis using real waste solder stripper at a flow rate of $0.9L/hr-m^2$, W/F = 1.3, a recovery percentage of nitric acid of approximately 94% was gained.

• Resources Recycling
• /
• v.26 no.6
• /
• pp.84-90
• /
• 2017

The electro-refining process was performed to recovery high purity copper from low grade copper containing sludge in sulfuric acid. The surface morphologies and roughness of electro-refining copper were analyzed with variation of the type and concentration of organic additives, the best surface morphology was obtained 5 ppm of the gelatin type and 5 to 10 ppm of the thiol type organic additive. The crude metal consisted of copper with 86.635, 94.969 and 99.917 wt.%, several impurity metals of iron, nickel, cobalt and tin by pyro-metallurgical process. After electro-refining process, the purity of copper increases to 3N or 4N grade. The impurity concentrations and copper purities of copper crude metals, electrolyte and electro-refining copper were analyzed using ICP-OES, the electro-refining time and purity of copper crude metal to recover 4N grade copper were deduced.