• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.289-301
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to investigate the food habits and the dietary intake of female college students at day and night class in the Kyunggido area. The questionnaires were collected from 294 students(151 day class and 143 night class students) out of 350 in total. The results are as follows: Breakfast for day class students and breakfast and dinner of night class students were skipped more than 3 times a week. The main reason was short of time. In the behavior of food intake, the frequency of yellow-green vegetables, milk and seaweeds intake was low in all respondents. 18.4% of night class students ate out 3 times a day. In the kind of menu for eating out, Korean food was the most frequent. snack food the second, and fast food came last. 23.9% of students ate something 2 or 3 times a day between meals. The main reason for eating between meals was the desire to eat for day class students, and hunger for the night time students. Consumption of coffee was 0.76 cup a day Daily mean of calory intake was 1.394 kcal and the ratio of carbohydrate. protein lipid was 61:14:25. The intakes of iron and niacin of the day class students were higher than those of night class students. There was no significant difference in intake of other nutrients between day and night class students. Intake of calcium and iron did not reach 50% of Korean RDA.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.174-183
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of deep breathing with Incentive Spirometer on pulmonary function and O2 saturation by time process in patients with rib fracture. The participants were 25 patients with rib fracture admitted to a hospital in G city. Deep breathing with Incentive Spirometer was educated for participants. Data were collected from June to October, 2013. Pulmonary function and O2 saturation were measured by using Micro spirometer and pulse oximeter at admission one day and 1day, 2day, 3day, 4day, 5day and 6day after applying intervention.. The collected data was analyzed by SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Science) 21.0 version program with descriptive statistics, and repeated measure ANOVA. The level of pulmonary function and O2 saturation after applying deep breathing with incentive spirometer were increased as time went on. Therefore, patients with rib fracture should be suggested the continuous deep breathing with incentive spirometer.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.85-91
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• 2012

Astronomical data making such as forming a calendar, period of day, determining the time of rising/setting of the sun and the onset of twilight are essential in our daily lives. Knowing the calendar day of the past is particularly crucial for studying the history of a clan or a nation. To verify previous studies in the calendar day of the Joseon dynasty (1392 - 1910), we investigate the sexagenary cycle of the new moon day (i.e., the first day in a lunar month) by using sources such as results of the calculations using the Datong calendar (a Chinese Calendar of the Ming Dynasty) and the data of Baekjungryeok (a Perpetual Calendar; literally, a one hundred-year almanac). Compared with the study of Ahn et al., we find that as many as 17 sexagenary cycles show discrepancies. In the cases of nine discrepancies, we find that the sexagenary cycles of this study are identical to those of the almanacs at that time. In addition, we study five sexagenary cycles by using the historical accounts of Joseon Wangjo Sillok (Annals of the Joseon Dynasty), Seungjeongwon Ilgi (Daily Reports of Royal Secretariat), Chungung Ilgi (Logs of Crown Prince), and so forth. For the remaining discrepancies, we present historical literature supporting the results of this study. This study will greatly contribute to the identification of the lunisolar calendar days during the Joseon dynasty as the dates of the modern (i.e., Gregorian) calendar.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.145-149
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• 2015

Objectives: We carried out an observational study of the effects of Nei Guan (P6) and Gong Sun (SP4) acupuncture for the treatment of CINV, preparing for further randomized controlled trial study. This is a case series to explore the changes in the incidence of CINV by acupuncture. Methods: Patients reported a Rhodex index indicating the severity of nausea and vomiting and loss of appetite, before acupuncture, after acupuncture and 1-week follow-up examination. Twelve patients with CINV participated in this study. We included patients receiving chemotherapeutic agents that might induce moderate or severe nausea and vomiting. We conducted 5 treatment sessions with P6 and SP4 acupuncture over the course of 5 days. Results: The median Rhodex score were decreased in 5 patients over time, while we observed loss of appetite of 6 patients were improved over time. During the study, the mean of Rhodex of total patients revealed a decrease of Day 1, Day 7, Day 14; 0.74, 0.68, 0.38, respectively, while the mean of loss of appetite showed a decrease of Day 1, Day 7, Day 14; 5.25, 4.08, 4.00, respectively. Conclusions: The study gives a preliminary data that manual acupuncture of P6 and SP4 may reduce the severity of CINV and loss of appetite, and justifies further study.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.123-139
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to document how clinical dietitians working at tertiary hospitals spend their time based on several categories of activities using a time measurement study. The questionnaires were distributed to 14 tertiary hospitals, and dietitians answered by classifying their work activities into several categories such as general care, indirect care, direct care, outpatient care, and food service management. A total of 129 clinical dietitians replied and their answers were analyzed according to the categories of activities. The times spent on the categories are as follows: general care (76.7 mins/day, 14%), indirect care (228.4 mins/day, 35%), direct care (120.1 mins/day, 22%), outpatient care (61.5 mins/day, 11%), and food service management (99.0 mins/day, 18%). The total working hours for dietitians was 590.0 mins, which exceeds the standard working hours of 540.0 mins (9 hrs) a day. From this study, we found that clinical dietitians spent very limited time on direct care. Times spent on activities were different according to type of employment and food service. Internship dietitians spent their more time on general care (P<0.001) while irregular dietitians spent more time on outpatient care (P<0.05). In contracted managed food service hospitals, clinical dietitians spent significantly less time on food service management (P<0.001). Regardless of doctors' order and consultation fees, clinical dietitians performed more than 95 percent of free consultation to patients. Entry-level knowledge and skills of dietitians working at hospitals are very important for quality service, but it is equally important to create an administrative and social environment that encourages clinical dietitian to spend more time on direct patient care.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.10-16
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• 2023

Whilst Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) can provide important insights over time and across contexts among rotation workers whose work periods alternate with leave at home, it can also be challenging to implement in the resources and construction sectors. This review aimed to provide a summary of the methodological characteristics of EMA studies assessing health outcomes and related behaviors in rotation workers. Systematic searches in PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Scopus were done to include 23 studies using EMA methods in assessing health-related outcomes and behaviors. EMA designs included daily diary: assessments once per day typically fixed at the end of day (47.8%), within day fixed interval time-based design: assessments on multiple times per day at certain times of day (17.4%) and combination of both designs (34.8%). Studies employed paper and pencil diaries (73.9%) and one or more electronic methods (60.9%): wrist-worn actigraphy device (52.2%) and online-based diaries (26.1%) for data collection. Most of the studies (91.3%) did not report prompting -EMAs by schedule alerts or compliance. Daily diary and within day fixed interval dairies designs are common, with the increasing use of electronic EMA delivery techniques. It is unclear how well participants adhere to assessment schedules, as these are inadequately reported. Researchers should report compliance-related information.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.78-84
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• 1976

The SIB ZUN DAE BO TANG is one of the prevailing tonics appeared at first time on TAE PYUNG HOE MIN HAW ZE GUK BANG in Song’s dynasty and have been widely used up to now. To observe the metabolic effects of Thioacetamide from the SIB ZUN DAE BO TANG, the following experiment was performed. 1. The activation of G.O.T. and G.P.T. to blood serum have been decreased when Thioacetamide was administrated into the rabbit. 2. The coefficiency of the SIB JUN DAE BO TANG appears in 3 hours after administrate and it decreases gradually along with it’s time(1st, 2nd, 3rd day) but the coefficiency of the G.P.T. was more apparent on 2nd, 3rd and 5th day. 3. When administrating Thioacetamide, the total amount of cholesterol grows rapidly up to 3rd day and it continuously grows after the 3rd day. But when administrating SIB ZUN DAE BO TANG, the cholesterol amount in blood grows up to 3rd day, but it decreases gradually after it on the other day. The conclusion of the above experiments shows that the prescription (SIB ZUN DAE BO TANG) improves the metabolic deficiency and the recovery and remedy of diseases.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.547-556
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between frequency of coffee consumption, metabolic biomarkers, and nutrition intake in adult participants in the combined 2007~2009 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Subjects (2,095 males and 3,297 females) were classified according to sex and frequency of coffee consumption (${\leq}1$ time/month, ${\geq}2$ times/month and ${\leq}6$ times/week, 1 time/day, 2 times/day, 3 times/day) using food frequency questionnaires. Nutrition intake was analyzed using 24 h recall data. The 3 times/day coffee consumption group had a significantly higher age, and frequency of smokers and drinkers compared to the ${\leq}1$ time/month coffee consumption group in both male and female participants. Males in the 3 times/day coffee consumption group had a significantly lower HDL-cholesterol level, but females had a higher waist circumference compared with the ${\leq}1$ time/month coffee consumption group. Males in the 3 times/day coffee consumption group had a significantly lower nutrient density of fiber, vitamin B2, vitamin C, calcium and phosphorus compared with the ${\leq}1$ time/month coffee intake group. Females in the 3 times/day coffee consumption group had a significantly higher nutrient density of fat and niacin, but lower nutrient density of carbohydrate, calcium, phosphorus, and iron compared with the ${\leq}1$ time/month coffee intake group. In males, the frequency of coffee consumption was not associated with the levels of metabolic biomarkers. In females, the frequency of coffee consumption was positively associated with diastolic blood pressure after adjustments for multiple confounding factors, including age, BMI, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity and energy intake. Coffee consumption was associated with decreased diastolic blood pressure in females. These findings suggest the importance of an awareness of the association between coffee consumption and metabolic risk.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.67-71
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• 2006

A total of 120 male and 240 female quail (Coturnix coturnix Pharaoh) were used to determine the effect of feeding time on laying and reproductive performance of Pharaoh quail. They were fed ad libitum between 09:00 to 17:00 or full day, daily. Each female-male pair was housed in multiple-bird cages and colony cages. Initial and final body weight, quail-day egg production, feed consumption per egg and mortality were measured to determine laying performance of breeders. A total of 960 eggs were used to determine reproductive performance of quail in each treatment group. Eggs were incubated in a commercial setter and hatcher in standard conditions. Embryonic mortality, apparent fertility, hatchability of total and fertile eggs were calculated to determine the reproductive performance. Results indicated that feeding between 09:00 to 17:00 h reduced final body weight and egg production (p<0.001, p<0.001). Whereas, limited time of feeding improved hatchability of total (p<0.001) and fertile eggs (p<0.001) and reduced embryonic mortality (p<0.001) when compared with the effects of feeding full day. It was found that there were no significant differences for the egg production of quail housed in different cage systems. Quail caged in multiple-bird cages consumed less feed (p<0.01) compared to quail housed in colony cages. There were significant differences for the mortality (p<0.05), hatchability of total (p<0.001) and fertile eggs (p<0.001), and embryonic mortality (p<0.001) during the incubation due to main effect of cage systems. There were significant cage $systems{\times}feeding$ time interactions for hatchability of total and fertile eggs and embryonic mortality (p<0.001). As a conclusion; feeding from 09:00 to 17:00 reduced laying performance of quail and improved the reproductive traits compared to full day feeding of quail breeders. But, further investigations are needed to determine the optimum length of feeding time and egg production of breeders in quail fed limited time must be evaluated in comparison with its beneficial or detrimental effects.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.70-83
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• 2001

Objective : In order to investigate symptoms prevalence related to visual display terminal(VDT) syndrome, and to evaluate the variables affecting the development of the VDT syndrome. Methods : a questionnaire survey was conducted on 127(81 men and 46 women) VDT operators who had been studied in Soongsil University graduated school in Seoul. Result : As a result of analysis with data collected by questionnaire, l. Variables affecting the level of general symptoms were sex, the total time of VDT operation per day, type of typewriting, location of keyboard, illumination, VDT working duration, the time of VDT operation without rest. 2. Variables affecting the level of eye symptoms were sex, the total time of VDT operation per day, type of typewriting, VDT working duration, illumination, method of eye-resting. 3. Variables affecting the level of musculoskeletal symptoms were sex, the total time of VDT operation per day, the time of VDT operation without rest, illumination. Conculsions : In order to protect workers from VDT syndrome, it is urgently required to implement standard management recommendations including restriction of VDT working hours and allowance of more sufficient resting time for VDT workers.