• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.79-85
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• 1995

Purpose : To assess the efficacy of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor(GM-CSF) in the neutropenia by radiotherapy. Materials and Methods : Eleven patients with various solid tumor were treated with a daily subcutaneous dose of GM-CSF(3-7microgram/kg) for 5days during the radiotherapy. Before and during the course of the study all the patients were monitored by the recording of physical examination, the complete blood count with differential and reticulocyte count and liver function test. Eight patients received prior or concurrent chemotherapy. Results : In 10 patients, the neutrophilic nadir was significantly elevated and the lenght of time that Patients had a neutrophil count below $10^3/mm^3$ a threshold known to be critical to acquiring infective complications was shortened following GM-CSF injection. A significant rise (two fold or greater) of neutrophil count was seen in 10 of 11 patients. In most patients, discontinuation of GM-CSF resulted in a prompt return of granulocyte counts toward baseline. However the neutrophil count remained elevated over $10^3/mm^3$ during radiation therapy, and radiotherapy delays were avoided. Other peripheral blood components including monocytes and platelets also increased after GM-CSF treatment. No significant toxicity was encountered with subcutaneous GM-CSF treatment. Conclusion : GM-CSF was well tolerated by subcutaneous route and induced improvement in the neutropenia caused by radiotherapy.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.51-58
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• 2008

Wireless sensor networks are used by various application areas to implement smart data processing and ubiquitous system. In the recent research of parking management system based on wireless sensor networks, adaptive sensing and efficient data processing are not considered. The effectiveness of implementing these distributed computing devices affects the performance of the applications in parking management. This paper proposes an adaptive sensing using fuzzy wireless sensor for the ubiquitous networks of parking management system. The fuzzy inference system is encoded in the sensor for efficient car presence detection. Moreover, a rule base adaptive module is proposed which wirelessly transmit the new values to each sensor for adapting the environment of car park area. The result of experiments shows that the fuzzy wireless sensor provides more throughputs and less time delays compared to a normal method of data gathering by wireless sensors.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.118-123
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• 1987

In relation to the dust detonatians which have imposed severe damages on the industry, the ignitability of various dusts has been investigated on a horizontal shock tube in this study. By using a newly designed air injector, very well-distributed clouds could be obtained. The proper reflected shock conditions have been generated by placing a reflector 1.5cm behind the air injector, which reflected the incident shock wave. The incident shock waves in the range of Mach number 2.8-3.3 created the postreflected shock temperature of 1200-1600K. Experimentally the ignition delay was defined as the time interval between the arrival of a reflected shock wave at dusts and the detection of visible light. Measured ignition delays of dusts investigated were located lower than 1msec under the above conditions. These values are one-order higher than those in the incident shock wave condition. In this type of ignitiion process the following three processes are considered to play important roles; heating of a particle, generation of volatile gas by endothermic devolatilization process, and its diffusion from the particle surface and the formation of stoichiometric mixture with oxidizer.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.791-798
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• 2020

The share of advanced technology in modern weapon systems are gradually increasing, and life cycle of components are shortened due to the rapid speed of technological development. On the other hand, the weapon systems have a characteristic that takes a long time in the requirement stage of weapon to the operation and maintenance stage. Due to inevitably, obsolescence of the main components for parts occurs in the acquisition phase. The obsolescence parts could cause delays in mass production schedules, and further adversely affects operational availability due to poor supply of repair parts during in the maintenance phase. However, business managers are obliged to maximize the performance while minimizing the cost of the total life cycle of the design, production, and operation stages. It is necessary to establish and implement an appropriate components and parts of life cycle management plan. In this research, we analyzed the effectiveness of parts obsolescence management through cost avoidance and total life cycle cost that can be reduced through proper parts obsolescence management.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.707-712
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• 2013

In patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), the delay from symptom onset to hospital arrival has a critical effect on morbidity and mortality. This study examined to find out the determinants of the prehospital delay in patients with AMI. The study sample consisted of 597 patients hospitalized with AMI between Jan and Dec 2009. Demographic, medical history, and clinical data were abstracted from the hospital medical records of patients with confirmed AMI, the prehospital delay was categorized as less than or greater than 6 hours. Older age, low socioeconomic status(medical aid), and low use of Emergency medical system were associated with delays in seeking emergency care for Acute myocardial infarction. Education programs to improve patient knowledge of acute coronary syndrome symptoms and promote patient responsiveness with regard to seeking medical care should be used to reduce the prehospital delay time, especially in the low socioeconomic group.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.41 no.9
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• pp.689-699
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• 2013

During extreme ionospheric storms, anomalous ionospheric delays and gradients could cause potential integrity threats to users of GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) augmentation systems. GNSS augmentation ground facilities must monitor these ionospheric anomalies defined by a threat model and alarm the users of safely-of-life applications within time-to-alerts. Because the ionospheric anomaly threat model is developed using data collected from GNSS reference stations, the use of poor-quality data can degrade the performance of the threat model. As the total number of stations increases, the number of station with poor GNSS data quality also increases. This paper analyzes the quality of data collected from Korean GPS reference stations using comprehensive GNSS data quality check algorithms. The results show that the range of good and poor qualities varies noticeably for each quality parameter. Especially erroneous ionospheric delay and gradients estimates are produced due to poor quality data. The results obtained in this study should be a basis for determining GPS data quality criteria in the development of ionospheric threat models.

• Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.42-49
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• 2017

Delay- and Disruption-Tolerant Network (DTN) has been considered as a key technology to overcome main challenges in interplanetary communications such as an intermittent connectivity and high bit error rates. The lack of end-to-end connectivity between source and destination results in long and variable delays and data loss, hence the Internet Protocols cannot operate properly in such environments because it requires an end-to-end connectivity. The DTN, which utilizes 'store-and-forward' message passing scheme between nodes, can overcome the lack of end-to-end connectivity in Interplanetary Network (IPN). In this paper, DTN is applied to 3-hop relay IPN, where messages are transmitted from Earth ground station to Lunar lander through Earth satellite and Lunar orbiter. ONE simulator is used to reflect the real environment of IPN and an efficient resource management method are analyzed to guarantee the message delivery by optimizing a message TTL (Time to Live), buffer size and message fragmentation.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.105-112
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• 2004

A waste container, one of the key components of a multi-barrier system in a potential high level radioactive waste (HLW) repository in Korea ensures the mechanical stability against the lithostatic pressure of a deep geologic medium and the swelling pressure of the bentonite buffer. Also, it delays potential release of radionuclides for a certain period of time, before it is corroded by intruding impurities. Even though the material of a waste container is carefully chosen and its manufacturing processes are under quality assurance processes, there is a possibility of initial defects in a waste container during manufacturing. Also, during the deposition of a waste container in a repository, there is a chance of an incident affecting the integrity of a waste container. In this study, the appropriate Features, Events, and Processes(FEP's) to describe these incidents and the associated scenario on radionuclide release from a container to the biosphere are developed. Then the total system performance assessment on the Initial waste Container Failure (ICF) scenario was carried out by the MASCOT-K, one of the probabilistic safety assessment tools KAERI has developed. Results show that for the data set used in this paper, the annual individual dose for the ICF scenario meets the Korean regulation on the post closure radiological safety of a repository.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.32-45
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• 1996

Background : A critical path defines an optimal sequencing and timing of interventions by physicians, nurses, and other staff for a particular diagnosis or procedure, designed to better utilize resources, maximize quality of care, and minimize delays. It can be thought of as a visualization of the patient care process. In this study, a review of appendectomy patient records was undertaken to identify a critical path for the management of this treatment. Methods: For this study, records of patients under 15 or over 65 years of age were excluded ; cases where the patient was pregnant, or where complications developed were also excluded. The remaining 21 cases were divided into two categories according to the indication for appendectomy : for acute appendicitis, and for perforated appendix or drainage of periappendical abscess. The time frame for the review was from patient examination immediately prior to operation, through discharge. The study team was composed of a surgeon, research head nurse, education head nurse, surgical part head nurse, and medical recorder. Following their review of the 21 charts, the team determined an appropriate progression and schedule for an appendectomy. Result : Through the chart and literature review, the following aspects of the care process were identified as typical and tracked : monitoring/assessment, treatment, lines/drains, medication, activity, diet, tests and patient education. Conclusion : From this study, the design team determined two separate critical paths : one for appendectomy only, and one for appendectomy plus drainage. Next, these paths must be validated and fine-tuned through clinical implementation. In addition, a comparison of our design with the critical paths determined at other hospitals would be extremely valuable for advancing research in this area. Lastly, the critical path approach to improving patient care and maximizing hospital resources should be applied to other procedures.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.101-110
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• 2014

The purpose of this research is to extend Ad-hoc network system lifetime with the proposed routing protocol which has considered hop lifetimes of the nodes while guaranteeing QoS in the establishment process of Ad-hoc network communication paths. Based on another power aware routing system that proposed in the advanced research [1], we are proposing an alternative power aware routing system in which nodes' hop lifetimes are compared in order to extend the lifetime of an Ad-hoc network system and delay factors have been considered for the assurance of QoS. The research of the routing protocol in this paper, which aims to maximize the system survival time considering power consumption status during the path searching in MANET and pursues the mechanism that controls hop delays for the same reason, can be applied to the study of WSN. The study concerning such phenomena is essential so that the proposed protocol has been simulated and verified with NS-2 in Linux system focusing on the lifetimes of the hops of the nodes. Commercialization of smart devices and arrival of the ubiquitous age has brought about the world where all the people and things are connected with networks. Since the proposed power aware method and the hop delay control mechanism used to find the adequate communication paths in MANET which mainly uses batteries or in WSN, they can largely contribute to the lifetime extension of the network system by reducing power consumptions when utilized for the communications attempts among soldiers during military operation, disaster areas, temporary events or exhibitions, mobile phone shadow areas, home networks, in-between vehicle communications and sense networks, etc. This paper presents the definitions and some advantages regarding the proposed outing protocol that sustain and extend the lifetime of the networks.