• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.441-464
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• 2012

2000년 이래로 석유, 가스 등 에너지 가격이 지속적으로 상승하면서 에너지 안보는 그 어느 때보다 중요한 이슈가 되었다. 그 결과 에너지 확보를 위해 세계각국은 적극적으로 해외 자원개발에 나서고 있는 상황이며 관련 경쟁은 점점 치열해져 가고 있다. 이와 관련하여 본 연구에서는 우리나라가 비교적 쉽게 접근할 수 있는 독립계 E&P기업의 투자 행태 분석을 시도하였다. 본 연구에서는 자원의 고갈을 고려한 실물옵션 모형을 이용하여 북미 독립계 E&P기업의 투자 옵션에 대하여 분석하였다. 분석결과, 대상기간인 2004년부터 2008년까지의 전반적인 시장 환경에서 독립계 E&P기업은 석유 프로젝트와 가스 프로젝트 모두 충분한 투자 타당성을 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 석유 프로젝트가 가스 프로젝트보다 기대 수익이 더 높은 것으로 나타났는데, 이는 가스의 가격이 석유보다 낮고 가스 가격의 변동성이 석유가격보다 높은 것에서 기인한다.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.149-172
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• 2009

Service industries nowadays have become the subject of a scientific research. However, unlike research on manufacturing, there has not yet been a broader presentation of important aspects theoretically and methodologically. The importance of service sector in both national and global economies has grown significantly. An active participation of service industries in the internationalization process, notably by licensing and FDI, has occurred over time. But a few sub-sectors still dominate on this process, for example, financial institutions such as banks, securities, and insurance as well as producer services in advertising and accounting. On the other hand, personal services that are owned by small- and medium- sized firm have limited capabilities in their transnational transfer. This paper attempts to examine various factors influencing decisions for these small- and medium- sized Korean beauty firms in entering to the foreign markets. Determining factors for these firms in the engagement of internationalization depends largely on competitive advantages in both domestic and host countries, and they may be different from those in the sub-sectors mentioned above. Based on previous researches, i identified three categories of independent variables(characteristics of firms, managers, and competition) that can influence decisions to enter to the foreign markets. Seven hypotheses have been tested by using a sample of beauty firms in Daegu city and Kyungbuk province. The results show that the intention of these firms to enter to the foreign markets is significantly influenced by the factors of the innovative character of CEO's, the competitiveness of firms, and size of firms.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제32권12B호
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• pp.735-742
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 DiffServ 네트워크에서 비디오 스트리밍 서비스의 품질을 보장하기 위한 적용방법의 하나로서 채널변화에 적응적인 패킷 사전 마킹 알고리듬을 제시하였다. 전통적인 패킷 마커들이나 기존에 제안된 TMS(Two Marker System, ETBTCM)은 다수의 비디오 소스가 존재하는 네트워크 상황에서는 혼잡현상 발생 시 패킷내에 포함된 비디오 정보의 중요도에 대한 고려 없이 패킷이 드롭되는 문제점을 가지고 있다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 본 논문에서는 적응적 사전마킹 알고리듬을 제안하였다. 제안 알고리듬에서는 네트워크의 채널상태와 GOP내에서의 전송 프레임의 중요도를 고려하여 확률적으로 패킷 드롭 우선순위를 결정하여 이를 서버 단에서 사전에 마킹 하게 된다. 이를 통하여 다수의 비디오 트래픽간의 경쟁이 발생한 상황에서도 화질 저하를 최소화 되도록 할 수 있다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.1009-1017
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• 2013

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctyl sulfonate (PFOS) is a new persistent organic pollutants of substantial environmental concern. This study investigated the potential of magnetic ion exchange resin (MIEX$^{(R)}$) as the adsorbent for the removal of PFOA and PFOS from Nakdong River water. In our batch experiments, we studied the effect of some parameters (pH, temperature, sulfate concentration) on the removal of PFOA and PFOS. The results of sorption kinetics on MIEX$^{(R)}$ show that it takes 90 min to reach equilibrium but the economical contact time and dosage were 30 min and 10 mL/L. An increase in pH (pH 6~10) leads to a decrease in PFOA (2.0%) and PFOS (3.6%) sorption on MIEX$^{(R)}$. The sorption of both PFOA and PFOS decreases with an increase in ionic strength for sulfate ion (${SO_4}^{2-}$), due to the competition phenomenon. An increase in water temperature ($8^{\circ}C{\sim}28^{\circ}C$) in water leads to a increase in PFOA (2.8%) and PFOS (4.3%) sorption on MIEX$^{(R)}$. Based on the sorption behaviors and characteristics of the adsorbents and adsorbates, ion exchange and hydrophobic interaction were deduced to be involved in the sorption, and hemi-micelles possibly formed in the intraparticle pores.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.137-149
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• 2016

Objective: Online pharmacies were introduced in some countries such as United States of America or Canada. They can provide benefits to consumer because they can buy and take conveniently drugs without limitation of location or time. In Korea, online pharmacies are illegal and only pharmacists can sell drugs to consumers or patients. Therefore, we investigated the knowledge of online pharmacy and the possible problem in Korea to survey pharmacists. Methods: We developed questionnaire based on previous articles about online pharmacy and surveyed nation-wide pharmacists by mail or e-mail. The data was analyzed by SPSS and Microsoft Excel. P-values less than 0.05 were statistically significant. Results: 175 pharmacists involved in this study. About introduction of online pharmacies, 53.1% were opposition while 10.3% were approval and 36.6% were conditional. Although online pharmacies were introduced, 46.3% pharmacists do not have a plan to start online pharmacy. However, the approval and tends about starting online pharmacies were higher in younger pharmacists (20s, 30s) (p < 0.05). The criteria of permission about opening online pharmacies were 100% pharmacist license regardless of holding off-line pharmacy. 53.7% pharmacists responded education about taking medication is impossible. When online pharmacies are introduced, 65.1% pharmacists responded traditional pharmacies are affected negatively. Pharmacists concerned that the competition with large-sized distribution corporations, reduced reliance between pharmacists and patients, illegal transaction of counterfeit drugs, increased misuse of drugs. Conclusion: These results showed that Korea pharmacists have negative standard on online pharmacies. Therefore it is required to be more cautious before introducing online pharmacy and it need strict watching system and continuous education and study for safety after introducing online pharmacy.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.845-855
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• 2013

오늘날과 같은 지식기반 산업에 있어서 지식은 기업의 경쟁력을 좌우하는 중요한 요인이라고 할 수 있다. 최근 국내 건설기업의 경우 기술력 제고와 정부의 부동산 규제정책에 따른 건설경기의 하락과 내수시장의 지속적인 불황으로 국내 외의 많은 불안정적인 요인들로 인해 어려움을 겪고 있다. 본 논문은 이러한 국내 건설업체들의 문제점을 해결하기 위해 기업조직이 보유한 조직지식의 속성이 조직 내 지식획득, 이전, 활용과 경영성과에 어떠한 영향을 주는지를 알아보고자 하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 구조방정식 모형을 이용하여 국내 건설업체들이 조직지식 속성의 내부 요인들이 지식의 획득, 이전. 활용과 경영 성과에 어떠한 영향을 주는지를 실증분석 하였다. 본 연구의 결과 국내 건설업체들의 경우 기업지식의 속성이 지식획득, 이전, 활용에 유의한 영향을 미치며, 지식이전은 경영 성과에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인하였다.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.110-121
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• 2009

It is essential to embed product quality in the design process to win the global competition. Many components found in many products including automobiles and electronic devices are fabricated using sheet metal forming processes. Wrinkle and fracture are two types of defects frequently found in the sheet metal forming process. Reducing such defects is a hard problem as they are affected by many uncontrollable factors. Attempts to solve the problem based on traditional deterministic optimization theories are often led to failures. Furthermore, the wrinkle and fracture are conflicting defects in such a way that reducing one defect leads to increasing the other. Hence, it is a difficult task to reduce both of them at the same time. In this research, a new design method for reducing the rates of conflicting defects under uncontrollable factors is presented by using operating window and a sequential search procedure. A new SN ratio is proposed to overcome the problems of a traditional SN ratio used in the operating window technique. The method is applied to optimizing the robust design of a sheet metal forming process. To show the effectiveness of the proposed method, a comparison is made between the traditional and the proposed methods using simulation software, applied to a design of particular sheet metal forming process problem. The results show that the proposed method always gives a more robust design that is less sensitive to noises than the traditional method.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.47-57
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• 2016

Purpose - This study's purpose is to investigate the market structure of the Korean duty free shop industry that has received recent attention from researchers and practitioners. By raising the question of whether or not the Korean duty free shop industry is unequivocally monopolistic, a wider viewpoint is provided. The study seeks to offer insights and managerial implications for marketers and policy makers who are in charge of regulating major Korean duty free shops. Research design, data, and methodology - The authors use secondary data from various sources, including Korea Customs Service and the Moodie Report, to investigate the structure of the duty free shop industry of Korea. Based on several theories, they present various criteria and statistical evidence such as K-firm concentration ratio, HHI, consumer substitutability, excess profit, and marketing costs. Results - In terms of consumer substitutability, it is difficult to confirm whether or not the Korean duty free shop industry is monopolistic. Notwithstanding monopoly characteristics in terms of market share, neither the company Lotte nor Shilla appear to have market dominating power. It is not easy for either of them to control prices or to achieve a much lower operational profit ratio due to a dominant bargaining power. Moreover, the license is not an economic rent. In this situation, it is not easy for these companies to obtain an excessive profit. Conclusions - Considering that most global duty free shops are trying to go upscale to improve bargaining power, it does not seem likely that rigid regulations are needed in the industry. Even though the Korean duty free industry ostensibly has a monopolistic structure, government and policy-makers should look beyond the surface. They should take global and other reasonable criteria into consideration when they establish or change regulation policies. Thorough understanding and appropriate support are needed for the Korean duty free shop industry. Additionally, duty free shops should position themselves as global companies struggling against unlimited international competition, rather than Korean domestic companies. At the same time, they need to give customers appropriate information about the benefits they provide.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.314-325
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• 2013

Background: Stem cell research competition is accelerating globally since President Obama signed an executive order, repealing Bush-era policy that limited use of federal tax dollars for embryonic stem cell research. Methods: In this paper, we conducted a comparative analysis of stem cell research policy changes in three countries, including the Human Fertilisation Embryology Act (HFEA) of UK, executive order 13,505 (removing barriers to responsible scientific research involving human stem cells) of USA, and Bioethics and Safety Act of South Korea. Debates on stem cell research are based on conflicts of fundamental beliefs that exist in the supporting and opposing coalitions. We compared regional characteristics of the advocacy coalitions in three countries and presented various factors that might be related to the policy changes. Results: The UK government, parliament, and the HFEA have sought expert consultations and public opinions to establish guidelines. UK has made social consensus through continued discussion for a long time. US President's veto power was one strongest factors influencing policy. South Korean policy was influenced by public opinion and policy brokers. Also, South Korea has not made social consensus. UK had a strong leadership and strong adjustment of coalitions but US and South Korea had not. Dr. Hwang's scandal has had one of the greatest impacts on policy decision in South Korea. Conclusion: The power of public opinion was critical in all three countries. In particular, the influence of public opinion was noticeable in South Korea. Also it turned out that in US and South Korea, the presence of a policy broker who could pursue his or her goals was the most powerful factor among the advocacy coalition factors.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2020

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the current state of rapid weight loss and physical and mental complaints among elite combat athletes who were selected and trained as national representatives. METHODS: A total of 127 combat athletes who had trained at the national training center in 2019 were enrolled. The questionnaire used as the survey tool was interpreted as words that Korean athletes could easily understand based on the Portuguese version of the 'Rapid Weight Loss Questionnaire' (RWLQ). χ² tests was performed to determine the differences in physical and mental changes according to sports and weight loss method. RESULTS: Combat athletes in Korea regularly undergo rapidly weight loss within a short period of time prior to competition. There were statistically similar results in terms of weight loss method, physical and mental changes and information about weight loss according to the sport. Weight loss methods often limit food and water intake and dehydrate. The physical complaints associated with them are symptoms such as "no energy", "dizziness", and "muscle spasms". The mental complaints include "irritability", "concentration loss" and "anxiety". These symptoms can be caused by side effects such as food intake limitation, water restriction and dehydration. Information sources for weight loss were in the order of "senior or colleagues", "supervisor or coach", and "Internet". No information was obtained from a doctor or dietitian. CONCLUSION: These results provide a baseline for predicting proper weight loss in athletes and provide useful information for developing performance enhancement as well as weight loss.