• Health Policy and Management
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.77-110
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• 1994

This study is an empiriacl analysis of effects of government intervention on the health care delivery system in Korea. The purposes of this study are to find out the effects of government intervention on the per capita national health expenditure(per capita NHE), crude mortality rate(CMR), and institutional efficiency. Here, the institutional efficiency is defined as a formula shown below: log$\frac{100-curde mortality rate }{per capita NHE}$$\times$100. The formula indicates that the instiutional efficiency increases if the CMR and/or per capita NHE goes down. In the meantime the government intervention is measured by six independent variables: I) the degree of social developments, ii) the numberr of physicians per 100, 000 population, iii) the proportion of specialists among the total physicians, iv) the proportion of public expenditure among the NHE, v) the proportion of public beds to the total number of beds, vi) the proportion of physicians working at the public sector to the total number of physicians. In the above six independent variables iv), v) and vi) are the ones that reflect the degree of government intervention. In actual calculation, the two independent variables v) and vi) are integrated into a new variable based on one to one correspondence. The materials used are the time-series data from 1970 through 1990 in Korea. A path analysis and the time-series regression analysis were adopted to estimate and examine the causal relationship between variables involved. And decomposition of the effect of causal relationship is made to find net effect, direct and indirect effect. The major findings are as follows; 1. The effect of public expenditure, number of physicians per 100, 000 population, the proportion of specialists among the total physicians and social development shows a positive relationship with per capita NHE. Only if the government intervention would be counted, the effects of the number of physicians and the proportion of specialists succeed in containing per capita NHE. 2. In additionn to the above four variables, one additional variable, per capita NHE, was also responsible for the reduction of CMR. The factor of social development found to be the most potent predictor of the CMR reduction. However, the CMR reduction due to government intervention was negligible. 3. Meanwhile, the above four variables were found to was have negative effects on the institutional efficiency. The reverse is true when the government intervention is counted. For example, the number of physicians and the proportion of specialists have played a positive role in raising institutional efficiency via goverment intervention. This comes from the factual effect that the increment of institutional efficiency via the reduction of per capita NHE is bigger than via the reduction of CMR.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.885-896
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• 2001

This study was to examine the rate of recovery from the consciousness impairment from two sessions of comprehensive consciousness stimulation program. Which was developed for this study, was higher than the one which was obtained naturally with only conventional care. Method: The subjects were selected among the patients who were admitted in the Intensive Care Unit or in the Sub-Intensive Care Unit in one of the university hospital, located in Inchon. For the treatment of the deterioration of his/her consciousness level resulting from neurological causes. Results: The effect of the first intervention on consciousness state began to appear two weeks the intervention initiation and to disappear two weeks after the end of the intervention. The significant effect of the second session of the consciousness stimulation program also began to appear two weeks the second intervention initiation and persisted until 4 months after intervention was terminated. Conclusion: It appeared that the first intervention effect had gradual onset and gradual decay, while the second intervention effect had gradual onset and permanent duration.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.9-22
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• 2018

Korea meteorological administration(KMA) has started to levy air meteorological service charge on both national and foreign carriers since 2005. The charge has grown on 2010 and 2014 twice. However, KMA has still kept asking airlines to agree with another increase in the charge due to the low cost of goods recovery ratio of 7%. The air meteorological charge has changed from 2,210 KRW at the beginning to 11,400 KRW as of June 2018. According to ARIMA intervention time series analysis, it was proven national carriers would make a payment of 831 million KRW 2018 and 1,024 million KRW 2019, showing 186.2% and 123.2% increase compared to last year respectively. The total amount of charge for both national LCC and foreign airlines was aggregated up to 1,952 million KRW 2019, 227% bigger than the charge paid at 2017. Considering the 50% increase of consumer price index last decade, the increased charge would impair the global competitiveness of national carriers. It could be suggested that current air meteorological charge scheme be improved to apply overseas trend and for national carriers to have a competitive advantage in global aviation market.

• Journal of Korean Medical Science
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• v.33 no.51
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• pp.328.1-328.12
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• 2018

Background: In cardiac arrest, the survival rate increases with the provision of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), of which the initial response and treatment are critical. Telephone CPR is among the effective methods that might increase the provision of bystander CPR. This study aimed to describe and examine the improvement of neurological outcomes in individuals with out-of-hospital acute cardiac arrest by implementing the nationwide, standardized telephone CPR program. Methods: Data from the emergency medical service-based cardiac arrest registry that were collected between 2009 and 2014 were used. The effectiveness of the intervention in the interrupted time-series study was determined via a segmented regression analysis, which showed the risk ratio and risk difference in good neurological outcomes before and after the intervention. Results: Of 164,221 patients, 148,403 were analyzed. However, patients with unknown sex and limited data on treatment outcomes were excluded. Approximately 64.3% patients were men, with an average age of 63.7 years. The number of bystander CPR increased by 3.3 times (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.1-3.5) after the intervention, whereas the rate of good neurological outcomes increased by 2.6 times (95% CI, 2.3-2.9 [1.6%]; 1.4-1.7). The excess number was identified based on the differences between the observed and predicted trends. In total, 2,127 cases of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) after the intervention period received additional bystander CPR, and 339 cases of OHCA had good neurological outcomes. Conclusion: The nationwide implementation of the standardized telephone CPR program increased the number of bystander CPR and improved good neurological outcomes.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.139-148
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• 2019

This study proposed a multiple intervention time series model to predict KTX passenger demand. In order to revise the research of Kim and Kim (Korean Society for Railway, 14, 470-476, 2011) considering only the intervention of the second phase of Gyeong-bu before November of 2011, we adopted multiple intervention seasonal ARIMA models to model the time series data with additional interventions which occurred after November of 2011. Through the data analysis, it was confirmed that the effects of various interventions such as Gyeong-bu and Ho-nam 2 phase, outbreak of MERS and national holidays, which affected the KTX transportation demand, are successfully explained and the prediction accuracy could be quite improved significantly.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.242-247
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• 2010

Controlling inappropriate antibiotics prescribing for acute upper respiratory infections(URI) is a very important for prudent use of antibiotics and resistance control. Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) introduced Prescribing Evaluation Program and publicly reported antibiotics prescribing rate for URI of each health institution. We performed segmented regression analysis of interrupted time series to estimate the effect of public report on antibiotics prescribing rate using national health insurance claims data. The results indicate that just before the public report period, clinics' monthly antibiotics prescribing rate for URI was 66.7%. Right after the public report, the estimated antibiotics prescribing rate dropped abruptly by 12.3%p. There was no significant changes in month-to-month trend in the prescribing rate before and after the intervention.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.22 no.2 s.26
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• pp.236-241
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• 1989

The purpose of this study was to introduce the methodology of intervention analysis with time series data and to investigate the influence of the patient referral system on medical care utilization in Kangwha county. The data were obtained at the Kangwha Medical Inurance Society and we analysed the material based on the outpatient care fee. The results were as fellows: 1. The average outpatient care utilization in the hospital decreased by 41.7% due to the patient referral system. 2. The utilization of the health instituation increased by 278.8 persons per month due to the patient referral system. 3. The patient referral system did not influence the total outpatient are utilization. The methodology of intervention analysis, which detected the effect of intervention, will be helpful to the study of public health area.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.907-920
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• 2016

This study suggests an outlier detection algorithm that uses quantile autoregressive model in time series data, eventually applying it to actual stock manipulation cases by comparing its performance to existing methods. Studies on outlier detection have traditionally been conducted mostly in general data and those in time series data are insufficient. They have also been limited to a parametric model, which is not convenient as it is complicated with an analysis that takes a long time. Thus, we suggest a new algorithm of outlier detection in time series data and through various simulations, compare it to existing algorithms. Especially, the outlier detection algorithm in time series data can be useful in finding stock manipulation. If stock price which had a certain pattern goes out of flow and generates an outlier, it can be due to intentional intervention and manipulation. We examined how fast the model can detect stock manipulations by applying it to actual stock manipulation cases.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.111-122
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• 1994

This study tried to find the effect to the representation patterns of science concepts upon the momentum effect. The previous studies showed that the momentum effect is influenced by students' cognitive levels and the abstractness of test items. The representation patterns of science concepts are divided into 4 different types: quantitative and qualitative, verbal and image. The research method used in this study is time series design. The period is 50 days. The period is divided into "pre-lest", "intervention-test", "post-test". Pre-test period is 5 days and in this period class instruction does not exist. Intervention-lest period is 30 days and in this period class instruction exist. Post-test period is 15 days and in this period class instruction does not exist. The results showed longer momentum effect on the image-qualitative representation pattern than the other representation patterns. Qualitative concepts is formed better than quantitative. Momentum effects is not artifact but the essential characteristics of science study.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.70-84
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• 1994

This study tried to find the effect to cognitive structure upon the momentum effect. The previous studies showed that the momentum effect is influenced by students' cognitive levels and the abstractness of test items. The cognitive structure is examined by cognitive level and cognitive style. Cognitive levels and cognitive styles are determined by GALT and GEFT respectively. The research method used in this study is time series design. The period is 50 days. The period is divided into "pre-test", "intervention-test", "post-test". Pre-test period is 5 days and in this period class instruction does not exist Intervention-test period is 30 days and in this period class instruction exist Post-test period is 15 days and in this period class instruction does not exist. Field independent students showed longer momentum effect than field dependent students. Formal level students showed less ratio of decrease on post-test than nonformal level students. Momentum effects is not artifact but the essential characteristics of science study.