• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제45권2호
• /
• pp.95-100
• /
• 2012

Background: The purpose of this report is to describe the perioperative outcomes of standard carotid endarterectomy (CEA) with general anesthesia, routine shunting, and tissue patching in symptomatic carotid stenoses. Materials and Methods: Between October 2007 and July 2011, 22 patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis (male/female, 19/3; mean age, $67.2{\pm}9.4$ years) underwent a combined total of 23 CEAs using a standardized technique. The strict surgical protocol included general anesthesia and standard carotid bifurcation endarterectomy with routine shunting. The 8-French Pruitt-Inahara shunt was used in all the patients. Results: During the ischemic time, the shunts were inserted within 2.5 minutes, and 5 patients (22.7%) revealed ischemic cerebral signals (flat wave) in electroencephalographic monitoring but recovered soon after insertion of the shunt. The mean shunting time for CEA was $59.1{\pm}10.3$ minutes. There was no perioperative mortality or even minor stroke. All patients woke up in the operating room or the operative care room before being moved to the ward. One patient had difficulty swallowing due to hypoglossal nerve palsy, but had completely recovered by 1 month postsurgery. Conclusion: Routine shunting is suggested to be a safe and reliable method of brain perfusion and protection during CEA in symptomatic carotid stenoses.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.18-28
• /
• 2018

Purpose: This study was designed to explore the levels of physical activity and fatigue among nurses and to identify the relationship between these variables. Methods: Participants were 89 nurses working at an intensive care unit and an operating room in a children's hospital. Data were collected using self-reported questionnaires including the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and Brief Fatigue Inventory. Results: Most of the nurses' physical activity was work related, and there was a significant difference according to the working unit. Nurses with higher work stress and lower job satisfaction showed higher levels of fatigue than their counterparts did. Work-related physical activity and the interference of fatigue with relationships were related positively, whereas transport and leisure time physical activity were negatively related to usual fatigue and the interference of fatigue with life enjoyment. Conclusion: The levels of physical activity and fatigue of nurses were higher than those observed among other populations. The appropriate level of physical activity for these nurses needs to be investigated carefully. Also, in the intervention for nurses' fatigue, their level of work-related and leisure-time physical activity should be considered separately, and their work environment and psychological satisfaction level should be included.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 2009년도 제40회 하계학술대회
• /
• pp.1658_1659
• /
• 2009

PLS(Pohang Light Source) will begin the PLS-II project that has been funded by the KOREA Government in order to further upgrade the PLS which has operated since 1992. The control system of the PLS-II has distributed control architecture, with two layers of hierarchy; operator interface computer (OIC) layer and machine interface computer (MIC) layer. The OIC layer is based on SUN workstation with UNIX. A number of PC-based consoles allow to remotely operating the machine from the control room. PC-based consoles use the Linux or Windows operation system. Similar consoles in the experimental hall are used to control experiments. The MIC layer is directly interfaced to individual machine devices for low-level data acquisition and control. MIC layer is based on VMEbus standard with vxWorks real-time operating system. Executable application software modules are downloaded from host computers at the system start-up time. The MIC's and host computers are linked through Ethernet network. It should enable the use of hardware and software already developed for specific light source requirements. The core of the EPICS (Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)[1] has been chosen as the basis for the control system software.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.16-24
• /
• 1977

${\ulcorner}$크롬${\lrcorner}$과 ${\ulcorner}$니켈${\lrcorner}$등의 도금(鍍金)을 하는 도금공(鍍金工)에 대하여 그 직업성질환(職業性疾患)을 관찰(觀察)하고 저 1976년(年) 6(월)月 대구시내(大邱市內) 소재(所在)하는 서로 유사한 종류와 방법으로 작업하고 있는 중소기업체(中小企業體) 중 작업환경개선(作業環境改善)이 어느 정도 되어 있는 곳과 전연 되어있지 않는 곳을 각각 1개소(個所)씩 선택(選擇)하며 비교해 본 결과 다음과 같이 요약(要約)할 수 있었다. 전반적(全般的)으로 비강내(鼻腔內) 증상(症狀)이 총출현빈도(總出現頻度) 중 50%이상을 점하며 다음 현기증(眩氣症)이 문제(文題)로 되어 있으며 환경개선(環境改善)을 함에 따라 비강내증세(鼻腔內症勢)중에서 괴양성 병변(病變)을 줄이어 증상(症狀)은 가볍게 되었으나 개입보호구사용(個入保護具使用)을 소홀히 함으로써 점차 만성적인 변화(變化)를 초래할 염려가 있었다. 각종 혈액상(血液相)중 ${\ulcorner}$헤모글로번${\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}$헤마토크리트${\lrcorner}$ 적혈구(赤血球)와 요소견(尿所見)중 단백질당(蛋白質糖), ${\ulcorner}$우로비리노겐${\lrcorner}$등에는 큰 영향을 미치지 않고 있다고 생각된다.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.38-42
• /
• 2008

Highly sensitive and mechanically stable gas sensors have been fabricated using the microfabrication and micromachining techniques. The sensing materials used to detect the offensive $CH_3SH$ and $(CH_3)_3N$ gases are 1 wt% Pd-doped $SnO_2$ and 6 wt% $Al_2O_3$-doped ZnO, respectively. The optimum operating temperatures of the devices are $250^{\circ}C$ and $350^{\circ}C$ for $CH_3SH$ and $(CH_3)_3N$, respectively and the corresponding heater power is, respectively, about 55mW and 85mW. Excellent thermal insulation is achieved by the use of a double-layer membrane: i.e. $0.2{\mu}m$-thick silicon nitride and $1.4{\mu}m$-thick phosphosilicate glass. The sensors are mechanically stable enough to endure the heat cycles between room temperature and $350^{\circ}C$, at least for 30 days.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
• /
• 제20권6호
• /
• pp.103-110
• /
• 2015

Nitro-aromatic Compounds (NACs) of explosives are structurally non-degradable materials that have an adverse effect to humans and ecosystems in case of emissions in natural due to the strong toxicity. In this study, batch test in the laboratory-scale has been conducted to find some process parameters of alkaline hydrolysis by considering the characteristics of NACs which are unstable in a base status and field application evaluation have been performed on the batch test results. Based on the experimental results of both laboratory and pilot-scale test, the optimum conditions of parameters for the alkaline hydrolysis of soils contaminated with explosives were pH 12.5, above the solid-liquid ratio 1 : 3, above the room temperature and 30 minute reaction time. In these four process parameters, the most important influencing factor was pH, and the condition of above pH 12.0 was necessary for high contaminated soils (more than 60 mg/kg). In the case of above pH 12.5, the efficiency of alkaline hydrolysis was very high regardless of the concentrations of contaminated soils. At pH 11.5, the removal efficiency of TNT was increased from 76.5% to 97.5% when the temperature in reactor was elevated from room temperature to 80℃. This result shows that it is possible to operate the alkaline hydrolysis at even pH 11.5 due to increased reaction rate depending on temperature adjustment. The results found in above experiments will be able to be used in alkaline hydrolysis for process improvement considering the economy.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.142-147
• /
• 2013

Background: Medical doctors who perform C-arm fluoroscopy-guided procedures are exposed to X-ray radiation. Therefore, radiation-protective shields are recommended to protect these doctors from radiation. For the past several years, these protective shields have sometimes been used without regular inspection. The aim of this study was to investigate the degree of damage to radiation-protective shields in the operating room. Methods: This study investigated 98 radiation-protective shields in the operation rooms of Konkuk University Medical Center and Jeju National University Hospital. We examined whether these shields were damaged or not with the unaided eye and by fluoroscopy. Results: There were seventy-one aprons and twenty-seven thyroid protectors in the two university hospitals. Fourteen aprons (19.7%) were damaged, whereas no thyroid protectors (0%) were. Of the twenty-six aprons, which have been used since 2005, eleven (42.3%) were damaged. Of the ten aprons, which have been used since 2008, none (0%) was damaged. Of the twenty-three aprons that have been used since 2009, two (8.7%) of them were damaged. Of the eight aprons used since 2010, one (12.3%) was damaged. Of the four aprons used since 2011, none (0%) of them were damaged. The most common site of damage to the radiation-protective shields was at the waist of the aprons (51%). Conclusions: As a result, aprons that have been used for a long period of time can have a higher risk of damage. Radiation-protective shields should be inspected regularly and exchanged for new products for the safety of medical workers.

• 한국추진공학회지
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.111-117
• /
• 2019

본 논문은 경량 및 고효율 레큐퍼레이터를 구성하는 0.1 mm 이하의 두께를 지닌 전열판의 용접부에 대한 실험적 연구이다. 특히 해당 용접부에 대한 수명을 알아내기 위해 고온환경에서 피로특성을 실험을 통하여 알아내기로 하였다. 실험은 레큐퍼레이터의 소재로 주로 선정되는 두가지 재질에 대해 (STS347, AL20-25+nb) 실시하였으며, 시편은 실제 제작에 사용되는 방법과 ASTM에서 권고하는 규격을 준용하여 제작하였다. 그리고 상온과 고온에서 해당 시료의 기계적 특성을 평가하고자, 기계적 물성치를 시험하는 MTS-810 과 고온환경을 부여하기 위한 고온로를 이용하였다. 시험은 각 시편에 대해 상온 및 고온 환경에서 인장시험을 실시하였으며, 나타난 인장강도의 50%, 40%, 30%, 20% 그리고 10% 에 해당하는 하중을 응력비 0.1로 설정하여 피로시험을 시행하였다. 마지막으로 실험을 통해 나타난 피로수명 특성을 레큐퍼레이터의 운전조건에서 발생하는 하중에 따르는 응력과 비교하여 무인기 시스템이 요구하는 운전시간에 대비하여 해당 용접부들의 수명을 평가하였다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제45권6호
• /
• pp.1277-1283
• /
• 1998

연구배경 : 외과적 기관절개술(surgical tracheostomy, ST)은 수술장에서 외과의에 의해 시행되며 중환자의 경우 수술장으로 이동은 위험을 수반하고, 또한 수술장과 외과의가 확보되지 않아 적기에 시행되지 못하는 경우도 흔하다. ST에 대한 대안으로 최근 경피적 확장 기관절개술(percutaneous dilational tracheostomy, PDT)이 구미에서 많이 시행되고 있으나 국내에서는 아직 보편화되지 않아 PDT의 시술 용이성 및 합병증을 ST와 비교해 보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 7일 이상 기계 환기 중이거나 인공 기도 확보가 요구되는 중환자 38명을 대상으로 ST(n=18) 또는 PDT(n=20)를 시행하였다. PDT군에 비해 ST군의 여성 비가 높은 것 외에 양 군 간에 임상적 특성은 차이가 없었다. ST군은 이비인후과 전공의에 의해, PDT군은 내과 전공의 또는 호흡기내과의에 의해 각각 기관절개술이 시행되었다. PDT는 기관지경 보조하에 Ciaglia Percutaneous Tracheostomy Set(Cook Critical Care, Bloomington, USA)를 사용하였다. 양 군에서 시술 의사 미확보 등으로 당일 기관절개술이 이루어지지 못한 건수, 기관절개술 시술 소요 시간 및 기관절개술과 관련된 합병증 발생율 등을 비교하였다. 결 과 : 기관절개술이 결정된 후 당일 시행되지 못한 예는 ST군에서 11예(61%), PDT군에서는 3예(15%)였다(P<0.05). 시술 소요 시간은 ST군 $29.1{\pm}11.6$ 분, PDT군 $15.6{\pm}7.1$ 분이었다(P<0.0001). 기관절개술의 합병증은 ST군에서 T-cannula의 우발적 발관 l예, 피하기종 2예, 소량 출혈 2예, PDT군에서 기관내 관의 조기 발관 1예, 소량 출혈 2예 및 피하기종 1예가 발생하였다(P>0.05). 결 론 : PDT는 중환자에서 수술장 이동이나 외과의 확보의 필요 없이 즉시 시행할 수 있고, 술기 습득이 용이하며 합병증은 ST와 비교하여 차이가 없었다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.280-286
• /
• 2006

As a way to expand electric capacity in conductor with electric power demand, STACIR/AW (Super Thermal-resistant Aluminum-alloy Conductors Aluminum-clad Invar-Reinforced) conductor which has high electric current and heat resistance characteristics have been developed. STACIR/AW power line is mechanical composite wire composed of steel cores for dip control and aluminum conductors for sending electric current. Recently, to ensure stable operation and prediction of wire life span of STACIR/AW conductor, a heat property of STACIR/AW conductor have been investigated. In the present work, a change of essential property with long term-heat exposure of STACIR/AW conductor and its structure material, INVAR wire and Al conductor, have been investigated. INVAR/AW is approximately $3.2\;{\mu}m/m^{\circ}C$. thermal expansion coefficient of INVAR/AW wire increases with time of heat exposure. the thermal expansion coefficient of INVAR/AW is markedly influenced by heat and mechanical treatment. creep rate(0.242) of STACIR/AW $410\;mm^2$ conductor at room temperature is much higher than that(0.022) at $210\;^{\circ}C$ STACIR/AW $410\;mm^2$ conductor has minimum creep rate at operating temperature. To lower creep rate with increase temperature is more unique characteristics in STACIR/AW. It is expected that STACIR/AW turned its tension to INVAR/AW at the transition temperature. at room temperature, the tension apportionment of INVAR/AW in STACIR/AW is about $50\;\%$. but whole tension of STACIR/AW is placed on the INVAR/AW alone of core metal above transition temperature.