• 콘크리트학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.99-107
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• 1999

본 연구에서는 철근콘크리트 고층건물의 시공단계를 고려하여 기둥의 부등축소량을 예측하는데 있어서 슬래브를 통한 양쪽 기둥으로의 비탄성하중 전달현상을 고려하기 위하여 2차원 골조해석을 수행하는 프로그램을 개발하였다. 또한 시간에 따른 해석을 수행함에 있어 단면 중심에서의 변형도와 곡률을 이용하여 균열을 고려한 단면의 성질을 직접 사용하는 방식을 사용하여 정밀도를 저하시키지않는 상태에서 해석시간을 단축하였으며, 축력과 휨의 상호작용에 의한 강성을 적용시켜 철근콘크리트 구조물의 특성을 보다 정확하게 고려하여 주었다. 해석모델로는 ACI 209, CEB-FIP 1990과 B3 모델을 사용하였다. 이렇게 개발된 프로그램의 해석결과를 기존의 간편해석에 의한 결과 및 실제 구조물의 실측치와 비교하여 그 효율성을 입증하였다.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.39-44
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• 2018

This study aimed to examine whether preconsonantal vowel shortening, which occurs in many languages, exists in Chinese. To this end, we compared 15 pairs of Chinese bi-syllabic words with intervocalic unaspirated/aspirated stops. The results revealed that (1) the effect of the feature aspiration of the following stop on the preceding vowel (V1) was neither significant nor consistent though V1 tends to be a little longer before an unaspirated stop; (2) the following unaspirated stop closure (C) was similar to or longer than its aspirated cognate; (3) the durational sum of V1 and C was longer when the stop is unaspirated, and V1 and C had no compensatory relationship; (4) Voice Onset Time (VOT) was significantly longer when the stop is aspirated than unaspirated; (5) the vowel (V2) following VOT was significantly longer when the stop is unaspirated, so the differentials in VOT were partially compensated; (6) despite the partial compensation, the sum of VOT and V2 was longer when the stop is aspirated; (7) words with an intervocalic aspirated stop were longer than those with its unaspirated cognate. It is concluded that while VOT is the most important factor for deciding the timing structure of Chinese words with intervocalic stops, closure duration is crucial for Korean and many other languages.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 3th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.493-498
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• 2009

Recently, the number of complex construction projects, such as high-density development and long-span mega structure construction, has been increasing globally. Therefore, the construction duration has become an even more important factor for success. Nevertheless, in domestic residential construction projects, it usually takes more time than twice as much as North American cases. The long construction duration causes a number of problems, for example growth of financial costs, fall in productivity, and weakness of competitiveness. If the framework construction duration can be shortened to 3 ~ 4 days, then it is also expected to complete the finish work of building in shorter duration, be led to reduce the entire construction duration, and eventually to save a great deal of indirect costs. For shortening the construction duration, previous researches pointed out that the development of simplified plan design should precedes. But, in reality, lack of experience of new design and innovative techniques tends to be the obstacle to wide adoption of the simplified plan design in construction fields. In this paper, a simplified structural plan design is proposed, and the construction cost is quantitatively compared between when traditional construction technique is applied to the traditional plan and when the duration-shortening key technique is applied to the developed plan.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.47-68
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• 2010

One of the important complaint factors by the patients using medical institutions is various kinds of waiting time. This research is about the causal relationships among waiting time(application of waiting time, perceived of waiting time, fairness of waiting, explanation of the delay, acceptance possibility), service values, and customer satisfaction. The subjects for this study were 256 out-patients currently using seven general hospitals in the Busan area. The findings of the empirical analysis are as follows: First, the good application of waiting time or fair waiting time procedure didn't actually affect perceived waiting time. Second, though the application of waiting time didn't affect acceptance possibility, the fair procedure of waiting time had an affirmative effect on acceptance possibility. Third, even when there was enough explanation about the need to wait, it could shorten perceived waiting time but failed to get sufficient sympathy or agreement from the patients. Fourth, the possibility of acceptance following the sufficient sympathy of patients had an effect on shortening perceived waiting time. Fifth, perceived waiting time lowered customer satisfaction, but had no negative effect on service values. Finally, the ranges of acceptance possibility by the patients were found to increase customer satisfaction and maximize service values. In conclusion, every medical institution needs to focus on, first of all, shortening waiting time for more customer satisfaction and improved service values.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.179-186
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of our study was to identify the bleeding risk factors and to validate the safety of shortening the bed rest time after bone marrow examination in pediatric hemato-oncologic patients. Methods: From July 2019 to September 2020, 145 patients were enrolled from a single center. Medical records were reviewed retrospectively. Descriptive statistics were presented, and the data were analyzed using 𝑥²-test, Fisher's exact test, and a logistic regression. Results: After two hours of bed rest, most of the patients (91.7%) did not have bleeding complications, and only 8.3% of the patients had a minor bleeding. The rate of major bleeding complications, including hematoma, retroperitoneal hemorrhage rate was zero. The bleeding complications was frequently found on bilateral procedures than unilateral procedures and the difference were statistically significant (p<.05). Conclusion: Two hours of bed rest time after bone marrow examination could be safe and adequate in pediatric hemato-oncologic patients.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.433-439
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• 2013

Background Facial beauty depends on the form, proportion, and position of various units of the face. In terms of the frontal view and facial profile, the chin is the most prominent aesthetic element of the lower third of the face. Many methods have been implemented to obtain good proportions of the lower face. In this study, we applied the T-shaped genioplasty method to correcting chin deformities. Methods All of the procedures in 9 cases were performed under general anesthesia. For genioplasty, a horizontal cutting line and 1 or 2 vertical cutting lines were drawn 5 mm below the mental foramen. Osteotomed bone segments of the chin were used for horizontal widening using bone grafts or for horizontal shortening. Likewise, they were used as bone grafts for vertical lengthening or vertical shortening. The bone segments were approximated in the midline and held in place using miniplates. Results The postoperative appearance of the 9 cases showed that the lower third of the face had been naturally changed. At the same time, vertical lengthening or shortening, and horizontal widening or shortening could be implemented during the operation. Satisfactory results were obtained based on reviews of the patients' preoperative and postoperative photographs. The patients were also satisfied with the outcomes. Conclusions Using T-shaped genioplasty, we efficiently adjusted the shape and position of the chin to obtain good proportions of the lower face and change its contour to obtain an aesthetically appealing oval face in accordance with East Asians' aesthetic preferences.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.132-138
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• 1996

To learn how maximal locomotory speed of animals is defined in terms of hindlimb structure and muscle contractile function, take-off speed, hindlimb length, thigh muscle mass, shortening velocity and power of the sastrocnemius muscle were measured with one fast species, Rono nigromaculota and one relatively slowresponding species, Bombina orientalis. Take-off speed (m.sec-1) was greater in R. nigromoculata $(2.4\pm0.2SD, $ n: 14) than in the Bombino $(1.6\pm0.1SD, $ n=8). Stvle of the take-off response was a long-iump type in the Rano and a short-ranged hopping in the Bombing. Faster take-off capacity of the ranid frogs was supported by the longer hindlimb length (relative to body length) and the more massive thigh muscles (relative to body mass), compared to the Bombina. Further, the ranids exhibited faster maximal shortening velocity and Breater maximal power generateion than the Bombina [Vmax $(ML.sec-1)=11.79\pm1.69SD$ for the Runa and $9.74\pm1.27SD$ for the Bombina; Pmax $nW.kg-1)=222.42\pm42.42SD$ for the Rono and $169.03\pm34.52SD$ for the Bombinal. With more massive thigh muscles and greater mechanical power, the ranids would generate greater total power and thus higher energy release per unit time to muscle tissues for the burst take-off. As a consequence, biomechanical properties seen in the ranids seem to be more effective for frost take-off than in the Bombina.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제30권3D호
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• pp.263-270
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• 2010

본 연구는 경제분석기법에서 편익항목의 통행시간절감편익의 개선안을 살펴보았다. 기존의 경제성분석 시 통행시간절감편익의 계산방법은 피크시간대의 O/D를 이용하여365를 곱하여 산정하고 있다. 이 계산방법의 문제점은 요일에 대한 교통량변화, 달에 대한 교통량변화를 고려하지 못하는 것이다. 이러한 분석점을 개선하기 위하여, 군집분석과 t-검증을 통하여 달별, 요일별 비슷한 교통량 패턴이 가지는 것끼리 묶었다. 이러한 결과값은 요일별과 월별로 교통량의 차이가 발생하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 요일별, 월별 가중치를 적용하여 pilot 예제를 통해 통행시간절감분을 계산하였더니 기존의 방법에 비해 다소 적게 도출되는 것을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구는 교통량의 변화패턴을 고려한 가중치 연구에 의의를 둘 수 있다.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.277-283
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• 2018

공기를 획기적으로 감소시킬 수 있는 모듈러건축으로 유사 모듈이 반복되는 공동주택을 건설하는 안에 대해 현행의 시공방법을 고찰한 결과 설비시스템에서 개선할 점을 발견하고, 그 방법으로 공장제작과 현장설치부분을 구분해서 살펴보고 현재 모듈러생산사 실무진의 의견과 종합건설사 기술담당자의 의견으로 그 가능성을 확인하고자 했으며 그 과정에서 제기된 문제에 대해 원천적인 관점에서 쉽게 풀어나갈 수 있는 방법으로 유리한 설계안을 제안하였고, 접속부위의 누수하자와 같은 고질적 문제점에 대한 대안을 기재하였다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제31권3A호
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• pp.240-248
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 OFDM을 사용하는 IEEE 802.11p WAVE 기본 spec를 목표로 기존 전송 포맷을 유지하면서 장거리 coverage에서의 feasibility에 대한 연구 및 이를 지원하기 위한 수신 알고리즘에 대한 연구를 수행한다. 특히, 넓은 coverage의 지원을 목적으로 할 때 큰 RMS 지연 확산에 의해 발생할 수 있는 ISI/ICI의 효과를 고려하여 채널 단축 시간영역 등화기(channel shortening TEQ)를 사용하는 수신 시스템을 구성하였고 기존 무선랜 규격에서 정의하는 프리앰블을 등화기 계수의 추정에 사용할 경우에 대해 시스템의 성능을 평가하였다. 이는 WAVE 환경에서 목표로 하는 확장된 coverage의 경계에서 RMS 지연 확산이 클 때 16QAM을 통한 서비스가 가능한가에 대한 부분적인 대답을 제공하기 위한 것으로 (1) 목표 채별 환경에서 어느 정도의 성능을 내기 위해 요구되는 TEQ 파라미터 분석, (2) 지수함수의 Power-delay profile을 갖는 채널에서의 PER 성능의 평가 등을 포함한다.