• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.265-270
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• 2014

This study in coping with the current trend is to propose the environment for training 3-Tier App development being focused on the system to develop mobile applications where its related developers are scarce. Design and implementation of training system for the development of 3-Tier App in this paper is to realize the environment for software development for colleges as same as that in IT companies. For 3-Tier App development training system, 3 students with 3 computers work as a group. The above-mentioned 3 computers include a computer for development, Gateway server, and DB server together with legacy system. Also, each of the 3 students shall be given roles of the foregoing sections. We have educated 3-Tier App training system as a practical class for 64 students in junior students of computer information major. Through training session, it was confirmed that we can foster the students as custom-made talents who understand company's development environment. Also, the Comparison of 3-Tier and Stand-alone App Development Training System for 10 distinct description, we know that 3-Tier app development training system was very superior to stand-alone app development training system in the educational effects.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.62 no.2
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• pp.276-291
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• 2020

This study was conducted to investigate behavioral changes in laying hens (Hy-Line Brown) after transfer to a multi-tier system from the floor system and to examine their production performance. The hens were randomly divided into two groups and were allocated to the multi-tier system and the floor system at a commercial farm. Behavior of the laying hens was recorded by CCD (charge-coupled device) cameras and a digital video recorder. The data were scanned every 2 min to obtain an instantaneous behavioral sample or were immediately counted whenever the hens exhibited a designated behavior. Behavior changed dramatically during the first seven days. Egg production was higher in the multi-tier system, while cracked and dirty eggs were more frequent in the floor system (p < 0.05). No differences in mortality rate or egg quality were observed between the groups. In conclusion, the hens needed at least seven days to adapt to the multi-tier system. The multi-tier system was more efficient than the floor system in terms of production performance.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.2
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• pp.159-172
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• 1997

This paper proposes a prosodic representation system of the Kyungnam dialect of Korean, based on the ToBI system. In this system, diverse intonation patterns are transcribed on the four parallel tiers: a tone tier, a break index tier, an orthographic tier, and a miscellaneous tier. The tone tier employs pitch accents, phrase accents, and boundary tones marked with diacritics in order to represent various pitch events. The break index tier uses five break indices, numbered from 0 to 4, in order to represent degrees of connectiveness in speech by associating each inter-word position with a break index. In this, each break index represents a boundary of some kind of constituent. This system can contribute not only to a more detailed theory connecting prosody, syntax, and intonation, but also to current text-to-speech synthesis approaches, speech recognition, and other quantitative computational modellings.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.1501-1508
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• 2015

In this paper, we describe a case study to improve performance through the load testing of multi-tired system for financial accounts before the system opening. The load test was conducted after the data collection tools(Performance Monitor, DB PSSDiag) were installed. By analyzing the collected log, we were able to identify the main sector requiring performance improvements among the presentation tier, web tier, business logic tier and data tier. The ASP.NET server-down on the web tier could be improved by modifying the parameter values in the configuration file. Some server downs occurred on the business logic tier when a large number of users access at the same time, were more difficult to be solved. By analyzing the hang-dump at the server-down time, we were able to find a process that caused the problem. and we had to modify the relevant codes. For major performance improvements of the data-tier, indices of some queries was optimized by using the built-in DBMS query analyzer, after analyzing the log of long-response-time queries. The problems and solutions considered in this case study will be a reference for the performance improvement of a multi-layer system with the similar structure.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.45-53
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• 2004

The fact that the end-user response time could become unacceptable in the 2-tier C/S system has been well known to C/S system developers. But inexperienced new developers who want to provide mobile solutions using PDA sometimes do not realize the ominous consequences of the 2-tier C/S systems. Except for the easy of development. the 2-tier C/S system has many weak points like in application deployment, security, scalability, application reuse, heterogeneous DBMS support, availability. and response time. This paper analyzes the response time in the 2-tier and 3-tier C/S systems through simulation. Although the problem space is confined to the 2 and 3 tiers, the result could be equally applied to any multi-tier systems.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.113-133
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• 1998

The system proposed in this paper prosodically transcribes the intonation patterns, prosodic structures, phrasings, and other prosodic aspects of Korean utterances, on four parallel tiers: a tone tier, an orthographic tier, a break index tier, and a miscellaneous tier. The tone tier employs two phrase accents (L* and H *), three accentual phrase boundary tones (L-, H-, LH-), and four intonational phrase boundary tones (L%,H%,LH%,LHL%) in order to provide a phonological transcription of pitch events associated with accented syllables and phrase boundaries. The break index tier uses five break indices, numbered from 0 to 4, which mark a prosodic grouping of words and its prosodic structure in an utterance. Among the five indices, the break index 3 and the break index 4 align with an accentual phrase boundary tone and an intonational phrase boundary tone, respectively, in the tone tier.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.1481-1500
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• 2016

Device-to-Device (D2D) communication underlaying macro-small cell networks, as one of the promising technologies in the era of 5G, is able to improve spectral efficiency and increase system capacity. In this paper, we model the cross- and co-tier D2D communications in two-tier macro-small cell networks. To avoid the complicated interference for cross-tier D2D, we propose a mode selection scheme with a dedicated resource sharing strategy. For co-tier D2D, we formulate a joint optimization problem of power control and resource reuse with the aim of maximizing the overall outage capacity. To solve this non-convex optimization problem, we devise a heuristic algorithm to obtain a suboptimal solution and reduce the computational complexity. System-level simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, which can provide enhanced system performance and guarantee the quality-of-service (QoS) of all devices in two-tier macro-small cell networks. In addition, our study reveals the high potential of introducing cross- and co-tier D2D in small cell networks: i) cross-tier D2D obtains better performance at low and medium small cell densities than co-tier D2D, and ii) co-tier D2D achieves a steady performance improvement with the increase of small cell density.

• 한국환경농학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.07a
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• pp.237-238
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• 2011

• 연구논문집
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• s.28
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• pp.239-246
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• 1998

Today’s information technology departments face a dilemma to create a competitive advantage for the organization by developing. deploying, and managing distributed applications that scale across the LAN, WAN, and Internet, while preserving investments in systems. Applications, information. IT organizations are today being asked to build the future, without breaking systems that maintain the current business. A possible answer to this dilemma is the implementation of a multi-tier distributed computing architecture. Multi-tier architecture has the potential to provide better, more timely information across the enterprise at a lower cost than the current combination of PC LAN, two-tier client/server, or mainframe applications that have been developed in most organizations. In this paper, we implement management information system based on distributed object middleware using multi-tier distributed computing architecture. This system uses Microsoft's implementation of DCOM/ActiveX and provides easily accessible web interface to the system users.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TE
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.124-133
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• 2002

In this thesis. we present the cyber lecture system based on XML 3-tier that uses the communication network as the internet. The system was designed to analysis the existing cyber lecture system and its details and to examine web system architecture and XML 3-tier model. With the designed system, we developed the cyber lecture system. We tested the existing system for performance and problem, then we improved the method of the cyber lecture system used by XML 3-tier Model. The cyber lecture system is offered the handiness of the cyber lecture system using web interface.