• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.25-33
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• 2017

Countries that considered importance of the quality management of higher education are strengthening through various systems and methods. Field of computer science also, they have constantly made efforts, such as constituting standards of curriculum for the management of the quality of higher education. If we know the priorities of the knowledge area mentioned in the standard of curriculum of computer science, we can give implications to the composition of the content system. Therefore, we derive the ranking based on base on CS2013 the lesson time number of Tier 1, Tier 2, Elective, and detail areas for content elements. As a result, the knowledge area with the highest priority was Software Development Fundamentals. The knowledge area is recommended as a beginner course in CS2013 because it is a basic element. The priorities of these areas may provide implications for future elementary and secondary informatics curriculum, higher liberal arts informatics curriculum, Informatics curriculum of teacher training agency.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.249-280
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• 2014

IPCC requires the national uncertainties which show how credible the emission of greenhouse gases is. But the Korean government did not submit the total uncertainties, only the detailed uncertainties by items. Also it uses the default values of IPCC including some missing values. This paper tries to estimate the total uncertainties of energy by categories, which accounts for 85.3% in national emission of greenhouse gases. Concretely, it uses Tier 1 method suggested by IPCC. As a result of the analysis, the uncertainties in energy category are 3.4% similar to Finland's. But there was a big difference among greenhouse gases; carbon dioxide 2.7%, methane 116% and nitrous oxide 473%. So this paper suggests Korean government need to improve not only the activity but also the emission factor of data in order to reduce the national uncertainties in energy category.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.126-134
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was aimed to examine the financial effect of 2-tiered copayment system on annual expenditure of pharmacy benefit in the National Health Insurance (NHI) of Korea, focusing on oral antidiabetic medications. Methods: 284 oral antidiabetic products with 14 different active single ingredients listed in the National Formulary of NHI (August 2009) were assigned to tier 1 or tier 2 according to the selected criteria. 10 different combinations of coinsurance rates were selected to estimate the changes in drug expenditure cost of NHI. Results: The annual drug cost was estimated based on the drug price per unit listed in the National Formulary and the used amount of products in 2009 from the IMS Health data of Korea. In the combinations of coinsurance rate of 20% for tier 1 and 40% for tier 2, the total annual drug cost was estimated to be reduced by 1.3% in the case of no change of generic and original drug consumptions, and to be reduced by 4.3% in the case of 10% increased generic drug consumptions. Conclusion: The tiered copayment system with optimal coinsurance rates appears to be a potential strategy to reduce the financial burden of NHI in Korea by promoting the use of generic products.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.103-111
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• 2010

This paper proposes an efficient data transmission strategy using adaptive-tier low transmission power schedule in a TDMA-based ad hoc MAC protocol. Since the network resource of ad hoc networks has the characteristic of reassignment due to the multiple interferences and the contention-based limited wireless channel, the efficient time slot assignment and low power transmission scheme are the main research topics in developing ad hoc algorithms. Based on the proposed scheme of interference avoidance when neighbor clusters transmit packets, this paper can minimize the total energy dissipation and maximize the utilization of time slot in each ad hoc node. Simulation demonstrates that the proposed algorithm yields 15.8 % lower energy dissipation and 4.66% higher time slot utilization compared to the ones of two-tier conventional energy dissipation model.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.23-29
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• 2002

The design of data processing of GIS requires efficient method with analysis procedure. This system is easy to be used and managed for presenting route according to conditions as a graphic user interface environmental window system by applying three tiers based object-oriented method. The tier of data is in charge of a class for the exchange, extraction and conservation of data between GeoMedia and application tiers. A route selection algorithm was applied to application tiers, considering all conditions which are necessary for the route selection between a beginning point and an end point, and it was added by module such as data handing, road condition, buffering, clothoid and AHP to select the alternative route followed by new condition. The user tier can express the data acquired by an application tier. Thus three tiers based architecture was presented by implementing design of GIB data processing for its efficiency.

• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.12-18
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• 2010

This paper reviews commercial wind mapping services provided by the oversea consulting companies, AL-PRO and anemos in Germany, AWS Truepower and 3TIER in USA. They provide quick-to-use but essential dataset for a preliminary assessment before commencing an actual feasibility study for wind farm development. Details of wind mapping method, mapresolution, data extraction height, price and so forth are compared and fresh service contents such as site analysis report are drawn from the comparison. Despite its public service, the objective value of the Renewable Energy Resource Map System of Korea Instistute of Energy Research is also confirmed and it is anticipated that the drawn new content idea will be ported to the system to enrich its applicability.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.17 no.5 s.77
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• pp.15-25
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• 2002

사용자 요구의 다양화와 그에 따른 트래픽 증가 등 현재의 IMT-2000 기반에서 수용할 수 없는 보다 복잡한 이동 멀티미디어 환경이 도래하고 있다. 이러한 이동 멀티미디어 서비스를 원활히 제공하기 위해 ITU-R을 중심으로 한 전세계 이동통신 업계는 이미 4G 시스템 규격 및 개발에 상당한 진전을 보이고 있다. 이에 따라 ETRI도 지난 2002년 1월부터 4세대 이동통신 초고속 패킷 무선전송 기술 연구 개발에 착수하였다. 이 연구 개발은 크게 전송 시스템과 네트워크 분야로 나뉘어지며, 전송 시스템은 다시 low-tier 서비스를 위한 HMI 시스템과 high-tier 서비스를 위한 HMM 시스템을 두 축으로 하여 진행되고 있다. 본 고에서는 HMM 시스템의 연구 개발 계획, 전개 방향 및 목표 등을 간략하게 소개하고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.427-430
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• 2002

기존의 2 Tier나 3 Tier형태의 소프트웨어 개발 시 생산성과 효율성을 향상시키기 위하여 RAD Tool을 많이 사용하였다. 이러한 RAD Tool의 사용은 생산성과 효율성을 향상 시켰지만 소프트웨어의 유지보수나 성능 개선을 위한 작업 시 코드의 중복이나 복잡성 등의 증가 등 많은 문제점들을 발생되었으며, 이는 소프트웨어의 유지보수에 많은 문제점을 가져왔다. 이러한 문제점들은 역공학 기법을 통해서 해결이 가능하다. 역공학 기법을 이용하여 소프트웨어의 구조를 이해할 수 있는 정보를 추출하고 추출된 정보를 체계적으로 관리할 수 있는 시스템을 구축하여 문서화하는 것이다. 이에 본 논문에서는 소프트웨어의 소스코드를 분석하여 시스템 변경 등의 작업 시 문서화를 지원하여 생산성과 효율성을 증가시킬 수 있는 시스템을 설계 구현하였다.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.19-29
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• 2022

This study evaluated the importance of automobile procurement logistics using AHP. Although automobile procurement and logistics is represented by JIT, internal and external risk factors for the automobile and logistics industries are increasing, so it is necessary to re-evaluate them and establish countermeasures. Therefore, this study conducted AHP analysis targeting 30 automobile procurement and logistics experts. Through previous studies and interviews, 4 factors for Tier 1 and 12 factors for Tier 2 were derived. As a result of AHP, the logistics factor was analyzed as the most important and the cost factor was less important than the other factors. This means that supply chain operation is more important than cost, and it is analyzed that stopping all supply chain participants is more damaging than logistics or inventory costs. Such research can provide implications not only for the automotive supply chain but also other industries with similar characteristics, and it is considered to be a meaningful study at the present time when the global supply chain is being reorganized.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 1999

This study aims at analyzing environment factors of two tier cropping systems and suggesting effective structures of two tier cropping systems. The environment factors in two tier cropping systems are temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation, temperature of nutrient solution, and wind velocity. Especially, The most important factors are the solar radiation and the solar incident area between the two tiers. During the experiment, observations were made of the two levels in the plastic greenhouse. The highest temperatures were 38.3$^{\circ}C$ in the top level and, 35.5$^{\circ}C$ in the bottom level, respectively. The temperature of the nutrient solution between the two levels showed little difference. The relative humidity in the top level was 60~7o% and that in the bottom 65~80%, exhibiting that the bottom is approximately 10% higher. Change of photosynthetic photon flux density and solar radiation both have a tendency to be similar. The wind velocities for both levels were recorded at 0.1m.s$^{-1}$ in the afternoon and 0.05m.s$^{-1}$ in the evening. The solar incident areas in the bottom level increased by approximately 25% at an East-West position and 17.7% at a South-North position, respectively.