• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.23 no.A
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• pp.199-206
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• 2003

The charcoal-encapsulated methyl silica microcapsules were prepared by a O/W microemulsion sol-gel method, and the adsorption properties on aquatic humic acid were investigated. The capsules prepared were spherical, $100{\sim}1000{\mu}m$ in size. The size distribution was controllable by adjusting the size of charcoal powder, charcoal/methyl silica ratio, and agitating speed in O/W sol-gel process. Adsorption efficiency of charcoal for aquatic humic acid was decreased after encapsulation by methyl silica shell. The decreased adsorption efficiency can be dependent on the decrease of the BET surface area and pore volume after encapsulation. Diffusion properties of humic acid through the capsule shell also played an important role on adsorption efficiency. Therefore, the reasonable target pollutants for the capsules can be VOC or odor molecules which can overcome diffusion barrier through shell of capsules in air condition. Functionalization methods for the charcoal-encapsulated $CH_3(SiO)_n$ microcapsules by incorporation of $TiO_3$ as a phtocatalytic function and by incorporation of inorganic pigment as a color function were also investigated. $TiO_2$ coating properties were controllable by adjusting pH, temperature, and the concentration of $TiOSO_4$. In XRD measurement, the crystal form of the coated $TiO_2$ was anatase. For the colorization of the capsules, inorganic pigments were more efficient than organic dyes, and various color was introduced to the capsules using inorganic pigments.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.08a
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• pp.270-270
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• 2011

전이금속(transition metal) 질화물(nitride)은 높은 경도, 내마모성, 부식 저항성 그리고 내열성 등과 같은 우수한 기계적 물성 때문에 많은 연구가 되어 왔다. 이 중 질화 티타늄은 높은 경도, 내식 및 내마모의 우수한 기계적 특성으로 공구(tool)와 같은 제품의 수명 향상을 위한 표면 코팅소재로 사용되어 왔으며, 금(gold)색의 미려한 색상을 이용한 제품의 외관 표면처리와 인체에 무해한 특성을 활용한 정형외과 및 치과용 보형물의 수명 및 안정성 향상 등 다양한 분야에 응용 되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 아크방전을 이용한 경사 코팅법으로 질화 티타늄을 합성하였으며, 경사 코팅에 따른 단층 및 다층 박막(2~3 layer)의 미세조직 변화와 그 물성을 평가하였다. 아크 소스에 장착된 타겟은 120 $mm{\Phi}$, 99.5%의 Ti 타겟을 사용하였고, 시편과 타겟 간의 거리는 약 30 cm이며, 시편은 냉연강판과 SUS를 사용하였다. 시편을 진공용기에 장착하고 ~10-6 Torr까지 진공배기를 실시하고, Ar 가스를 진공용기 내로 공급하여 ~10-4 Torr에서 시편에 bias (Pulse : 400 V)를 인가한 후 아크를 발생시켜 약 5분간 청정을 실시하였다. 플라즈마 청정이 끝나면 시편에 인가된 bias를 차단하고 코팅하였다. 경사 코팅을 위한 시편의 회전각은 45$^{\circ}$, -45$^{\circ}$이며, 질화 티타늄의 두께는 약 3 ${\mu}m$로 동일하게 코팅 하였다. 45$^{\circ}$ 단일층의 경우 0$^{\circ}$ 단일층보다 경도가 감소하나 zigzag 구조의 다층으로 갈수록 45$^{\circ}$ 단일층과 비교하여 확연히 경도가 증가함을 볼 수 있었다. 다층 질화 티타늄의 경사 코팅을 통해 박막의 미세조직 변화를 SEM 이미지를 통해 확인하였으며 증착 방식에 따라 경도, 조도, 반사도 등의 물성 변화가 나타났다. 본 연구에서 얻어진 결과를 이용하여 다양한 형태의 박막구조 제어를 통한 물성변화가 가능할 것으로 예상된다.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.243-248
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• 2012

ZrN nanoparticles were prepared by an exothermic reduction of $ZrCl_4$ with $NaN_3$ in the presence of NaCl flux in a nitrogen atmosphere. Using a solid-state combustion approach, we have demonstrated that the zirconium nitride nanoparticles synthesis process can be completed in only several minutes compared with a few hours for previous synthesis approaches. The chemistry of the combustion process is not complex and is based on a metathesis reaction between $ZrCl_4$ and $NaN_3$. Because of the low melting and boiling points of the raw materials it was possible to synthesize the ZrN phase at low combustion temperatures. It was shown that the combustion temperature and the size of the particles can be readily controlled by tuning the concentration of the NaCl flux. The results show that an increase in the NaCl concentration (from 2 to 13 M) results in a temperature decrease from 1280 to $750^{\circ}C$. ZrN nanoparticles have a high surface area (50-70 $m^2/g$), narrow pore size distribution, and nano-particle size between 10 and 30 nm. The activation energy, which can be extracted from the experimental combustion temperature data, is: E = 20 kcal/mol. The method reported here is self-sustaining, rapid, and can be scaled up for a large scale production of a transition metal nitride nanoparticle system (TiN, TaN, HfN, etc.) with suitable halide salts and alkali metal azide.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2001.07a
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• pp.981-984
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• 2001

The piezoelectric properties of 0.05pb(A $l_{0.5}$N $b_{0.5}$) $O_3$-0.95Pb(Z $r_{0.52}$ $Ti_{0.48}$) $O_3$+0.7wt%N $b_2$ $O_{5}$ +0.5wt%Mn $O_2$ceramics with the additives of BaC $O_3$were investigated. For the additions of BaC $O_3$, the dielectric constant ($\varepsilon$$^{T}$ $_{33}$ ), the piezoelectric constant ( $d_{33}$ ), the electromechanical coupling factor ( $k_{p}$ ), and . the mechanical quality factor ( $Q_{m}$ ) were increased, but dielectric loss (tan$\delta$) was decreased. The highest piezoelectric properties and dielectric properties were observed at the sintered temperature of 120$0^{\circ}C$ and 0.4 wt% of BaC $O_3$, and the properties of $d_{33}$ , $k_{p}$ , and $Q_{m}$ were 339(x10$^{-12}$ C/N), 59% and 1754, respectively.vely.y.y.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.383-393
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• 2005

본 고에서는 사출금형소재로 널리 사용되는 프리하든 강의 수명을 극대화 시킬 수 있는 열 표면처리 기술에 대해 소개하였다. 이러한 열 표면처리 기술 및 기술 적용시 고려해야할 점을 다시 정리해 보면, 제조하는 대상물을 고려한 최적 금형 재료의 선택 (표 1~3) 선택된 금형의 물성을 최적으로 구현할 수 있는 열처리 선택 (표 4) 금형의 사용 환경을 고려한 최적 열 표면처리 선택 (표 5) 질화 열처리에 의한 수명 향상 피로 수명이 중요한 경우 : 질화층 $100{\mu}m$이내 열간 내마모성, 크립저항성이 요구되는 경우 : 질화층 $300{\sim}400{\mu}m$ TiN, CrN 등 세라믹 코팅에 의한 성능 향상 내식성 중요시 CrN, DLC의 적용 내마모성 및 초저마찰계수의 구현 : 방향성 코팅, 나노구조화 금형의 국제경쟁력을 향상시키기 위해서는 고품위 금형 제조 기술이 필요하고 이를 위하여, 표면개질처리가 필수불가결하다는 것이다. 또한, 열 표면처리에는 각각의 특징이 있고, 적용 상황의 미묘한 차이에 따라 특성이 바뀌기 때문에 고품위, 품질 금형을 얻고자 하면 어느 때보다 사용자, 금형기술자, 열 열 표면처리 기술자들과의 협력이 요구된다.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.90-96
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• 1997

We have studied crystallographic and magnetic properties of $NdFe_{10.7}Ti_ {1.2}Mo_{0.1}$ by Mossbauer spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The alloys were prepared by arc-melting under an argon atmosphere. The $NdFe_{10.7}Ti_{1.2}Mo_{0.1}$ has pure a single phase, whereas $NdFe_{10.7}Ti_{1.3}$ contains some $\alpha$-Fe, conformed with X-ray diffractometry and Mossbauer measurements. The $NdFe_{10.7}Ti_ {1.2}Mo_{0.1}$ has a $ThMn_{12}-type$ tetragonal structure with $a_0=8.637{\AA}$ and $c_0=4.807{\AA}$. The Curie temperature ($T_c$) is 600 K from the result of Mossbauer measurement performed at various temperatures ranging from 13 to 800 K. Each spectrum of below $T_c$ is fitted with five subspectra of Fe sites in the structure ($8i_1, 8i_2, 8j_2, 8j_1, 8f$). The area fractions of the subspectra at room temperature are 12.3%, 14.0%, 21.0% 11.8%, 40.9%, respectively. Magnetic hyperfine fields for the Fe sites decrease in the order, $H_{hf}(8i)>H_{hf}(8j)>H_{hf}(8f)$. The abrupt changes in the magnetic hyperfine field, an magnetic moment observed at about 160 K in $NdFe_ {10.7} Ti_{1.2}Mo_{0.1}$ are attributed to spin reorientations. The average hyperfine field of the $NdFe_{10.7}Ti_{1.2}Mo_{0.1}$ shows a temperature dependence of $[H_{hf}(T)-H_{hf}(0)]/H_{hf}(0)=-0.34(T/T_C)^{3/2}-0.14(T/T_C)^{5/2}$ for $T/T_c<0.7$, indicative of spin wave excitation. The Debye temperatures of $NdFe_{10.7}Ti_{1.2}Mo_{0.1}$ is found to be Θ=340$\pm$5 K.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.545-554
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• 2003

Design of the optical modulator composed of a three-waveguide coupler and CPW traveling-wave electrodes was carried out. Switching phenomena of three-waveguide couplers were analyzed by using the coupled mode theory, and the coupling-lengths of the devices were calculated by means of the FDM. CPW traveling-wave electrodes were analysed by the CMM and SOR simulation technique in order to find the conditions of phase-velocity and impedance matching. Traveling-wave modulators were fabricated on z-cut LiNbO$_3$ substrate. Ti was in-diffused in LiNbO$_3$ to make waveguides and Au electrodes were built on the waveguides by the electrolyte technique. The fabricated modulator chip was end-polished, pig-tailed and packaged in a brass mount with K-connector. The insertion loss and the switching voltage of the optical modulator were about 4㏈ and 19V, respectively. Network analyzer was used to obtain the S parameter and the corresponding RF response. From the measurement, parameters of the traveling-wave electrodes were extracted to be Z$_{c}$= 45 Ω, N$_{eff}$=2.20, and $\alpha$$_{0}$=0.055/cm√GHZ. The measured optical response R($\omega$) was compared with the theoretically estimated one, showing both responses agree well. The measurement results revealed that 3㏈ bandwidth turned out to be about 13 GHz.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.80-88
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• 1995

This paper presents the fabrication of a metal-insulator-metal(MIM) antifuse structure consisting of insulators sandwiched between top electrode, Al, and bottom electrode, TiW and additionally studies on antifuse properties depending on the condition of insulator. The intermetallic insulators, prepared by means of sputter, comprised of silicon oxide and tantalum oxide. In such an antifuse structure, silicon oxide layer is utilized to decrease the leakage current and tantalum oxide layer, of which the dielectric strength is lower than that of silicon oxide, is also utilized to lower the breakdown voltage near 10V. Finally sufficient low leakage current, below 1nA, and low programming voltage, about 9V, could be obtained in antifuse device comprising $Al/Ta_{2}O_{5}(10nm)/SiO_{2}(10nm)/TiW$ structure and OFF resistance of 3$3.65M{\Omega}$ and ON resistance of $7.26{\Omega}$ could be also obtained. This $Ta_{2}O_{5}/SiO_{2}$ based antifuse structures will be promising for highly reliable programmable device.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.8 no.12
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• pp.1146-1151
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• 1998

The crystallization behaviour of perovskite $PbTiO_3$ for the samples heat- treated at various temperatures for various times in the $PbO-TiO_2-A1_2O_3-SiO_2$, glass system has been investigated by the means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. Higher crystallinity obtained in the sample heat-treated at higher temperature for longer time. With increasing heat-treatment time, dielectric constant of the samples heat-treated at $610^{\circ}C$ and $650^{\circ}C$ increased, but that of the sample heat- treated at $800^{\circ}C$ decreased. Loss tangent of the heat-treated samples was not much influenced by heat-treatment conditions. Piezodielectric charge constant was approximately $1.0\times10^{-12}~8.0$\times$10^{-12}C/N$ in the samples heat-treated at $800^{\circ}C$ for 1h, 2h, and 8h.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.71-78
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• 2009

(S)-Carbamic acid 2-[4-(4-fluoro-benzoyl)-piperidin-1-yl]-1-phenyl-ethyl ester hydrochloride (YKP1447) is a novel "atypical" antipsychotic drug which selectively binds to serotonin (5-$HT_{2A}$, Ki=0.61 nM, 5-$HT_{2C}$, Ki=20.7 nM) and dopamine ($D_2$, Ki=45.9 nM, $D_3$, Ki=42.1 nM) receptors with over $10\sim100$-fold selectivity over the various receptors which exist in the brain. In the behavioral studies using mice, YKP1447 antagonized the apomorphine-induced cage climbing ($ED_{50}$=0.93 mg/kg) and DOI-induced head twitch ($ED_{50}$=0.18 mg/kg) behavior. In the dextroamphetamine-induced hyperactivity and conditioned avoidance response (CAR) paradigm in rats, YKP1447 inhibited the hyperactivity induced by amphetamine ($ED_{50}$=0.54 mg/kg) and the avoidance response ($ED_{50}$=0.48 mg/kg); however, unlike other antipsychotic drugs, catalepsy was observed only at much higher dose ($ED_{50}$=68.6 mg/kg). Based on the CAR and catalepsy results, the therapeutic index (TI) value for YKP1447 is over 100 (i.p.). These results indicate that YKP1447 has an atypical profile and less undesirable side effects than currently available drugs.