• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.313-321
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• 1994

Structural interpretation by using subsurface attitude of coal seam and outcrop patterns of folds and faults shows that wrench and thrust tectonics took place simultaneously in the study area. From the interference patterns of fold axes, three generations of folding are suggested: $F_1$ (NE-SW), $F_2$ (N-S), and $F_3$ (E-W). Differential displacement of rock mass from north to south yields to E-W fold and Osypcheon Fault. Geometry of subsurface coal seam show different patterns comparing to those of surface outcrop because of shallow-depth crustal shortening which took place post Cretaceous.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.65-75
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• 2015

Around Harar in the northeastern part of the Ethiopia, the Precambrian granitic gneiss and gabbro bodies are developed with several pegmatites. The rock bodies in this area have been deformed by ductile and brittle deformations developing fold and ductile shear structure, and thrust and fault.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2006.11b
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• pp.742-747
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• 2006

This paper describes online stator-resistance estimation of a linear induction motor(LIM) with cage-type secondary using direct thrust control(DTC), where the resistance value is derived from stator-winding temperature estimation using thermocouple. In this paper, corrected stator resistance has an error in actuality measurement resistance. So compensation coefficient $\kappa$ which is decided through comparison and verifying several times relation of calculated resistance and measured motor line-line resistance. The stator-winding temperature information can also be used for monitoring, protection, and fault-tolerant control of the machine. Also, this paper reports the LIM's responses of the flux measured by the proposed stator resistance compensation algorithm.

• Proceedings of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.03a
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• pp.16-22
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• 2003

The focal mechanisms of the earthquakes occurred in 2001 and 2002 are analyzed to understand the regional stress and tectonics in and around Korean Peninsula. The forty -three fault plane solutions are derived using the polarities of first arrival P-waves recorded at KIGAM, Bmh and KEPRI stations. The result suggest that thrust motion with significant amount of strike slip component is dominant mode of faulting. The larger population of mechanism is characterized by WNW-ESE striking nodal planes. NE-SW direction is interpreted as dominant compressional axis orientation of stress field. These solutions are similar to those of medium size earthquakes studied previously, which is known as typical regional tectonic stress orientation in and around Korean Peninsula.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.394-406
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• 2019

Difficult ground conditions (e.g., fault zone and mixed grounds) are highly probable to appear in subsea and urban tunnels because of the shallow working depth and alluvial characteristics. TBM usually experienced decrease of penetration rate and increase of downtime when it meets these difficult ground conditions. The problems are usually caused by the adverse geological conditions, and it is preferable to determine the optimal operational parameters of TBM based on the previous operational data obtained while excavating a preceding tunnel. This study carried out for efficient TBM excavation in fault zone and mixed grounds. TBM excavation data from the tunnel site in Singapore and the characteristics of the TBM excavation data was analyzed. The key operational parameters (i.e., thrust, torque, and RPM), penetration rate, and downtime were highly influenced by the presence of fault zones and mixed grounds, and the features was discussed. It is expected that the results and main discussions will be useful information for future tunneling projects in similar geological conditions.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.704-710
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• 2003

A study for analysing the characteristics of the 'Tsunami Earthquake' and 'Tsunamigenic Earthquake' has been done in terms of stress drop and tectonic characteristics using previous studies on magnitude, moment, energy, and length of fault. The 'Tsunami Earthquake' seemed to occur mainly on the subduction environment with a very low stress drop of about 10 bars and a thrust dip angle comparing those of the 'Tsunamigenic Earthquake' or other earthquakes. Released energy to moment ratio of the 'Tsunami Earthquake' also seemed to be lower. Earthquakes which generated tsunami in the East Sea seemed to be 'Tsunamigenic Earthquake' with a stress drop of about 30${\sim}$50 bars, and an average energy to moment ratio. Hence, stress drop, energy to moment ratio, and thrust dip angle seem to be indicators of earthquakes that produce tsunamis.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.79-88
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• 1995

The gravity measurment has been carried out at 48 gravity stations with intervals of 1.0~1.5 km along the survey line between Samcheog, Gosari and Taebaek to study subsurface geology and geologic structure in the northeastern part of the Ockchon zone. The Bouguer gravity anomaly values were obtained from the measured gravity values through the gravity corrections. The subsurface geology and geologic structure were interpreted quantitatively by means of the Fourier series method and Talwani method for 2.5 dimensional body. In the study area, the depth of Conrad discontinuity is about 10 km at Samcheog, northeastern end of the survey line, and it is increased rapidly to about 12.5 km at Miro, 15 km at Gosari and 15.5 km at Dongjeom, southwestern end of the survey line, respectively. The depth of the basement of the Ockchon zone exposed at Samcheog is increased smoothly to about 2 km at 5 km from Samcheog along the survey line, and is exposed again in the area between Singiry and Gosari. Beyond Gosari its depth is increased to about 1.7 km, and displaced 2.3 km downward by Osipcheon fault near Dogyeri and 0.5 km by Baeksan thrust near Cheolam, respectively. Many V-shaped low Bouguer gravity anomalies resulted from the fracture zone associated with faults imply the existence of Osipcheon fault and several inferred faults. The low Bouguer gravity anomaly zone between Tongdong and Dongjeom is caused by Jurassic gneissose granite. A local high Bouguer gravity anomaly at 35 km along the survey line from Samcheog is interpreted by the effect of iron deposit of high density existed at subsurface. The thickness of Great Limestone Group varies from 0.5 km to 1.4 km, that of Pyeongan Supergroup from 0.4 km to 0.9 km, and that of Yangdeog Group is about 0.3 km. The thickness of Jurassic gneissose granite varies from 1.5 to 3.0 km.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.23-39
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• 1985

The northeastern part of Ogcheon zone which consisted mainly of Cambro-Ordovician arenaceous, argillaceous and calcareous formations and Carboni-Triassic arenaceous and argillaceous formations is delineated as the eastern mass of a thrust fault along Choongju-Moongyong-Cheongsan in the middle of the zone. The present study proposes a geotectonic line, Imgye-Samchog fault(see, figure 1) which divides the northeastern part into two blocks, Hambacksan block in the west and East coast block in the east. The igneous rocks in the Hambacksan block ranging from granite to gabbro are distributed in a symmetrical zones parallel to general direction of Ogcheon zone as follows (Fig. 2 and Table 2). Southeast igneous rock zone: it aligns Jurassic granites in its south and Precambrian leucocratic granites in its north. Central igneous rock zone: it aligns Cretaceous granites in its south and Jurassic granites, and some of diorite and gabbro in its north. Northwest igneous rock zone: aligns Jurassic granites in its south and huge batholithic granodiorite in its north. The distribution of the igneous rocks in the East coast block shows an entirely different features from those of Hanbacksan block. In the southern part of the block they assemble in a narrow area ranging in age from Early Proterozoic, through Middle to Late Proterozoic, Devonian, Jurassic, Cretaceous to Tertiary, whereas, the igneous rocks in the northern part of the block gathered to a restricted area, in ages of Middle Proterozoic and Cretaceous. The assemblage of the igneous rocks in the studied area shows a compositionally restricted, mixed S-type and I-type granites, $^{87}Sr/^{86}Sr$ > 0.706, rare volcanics and shortening with upright folding. These lithologic and structural features suggest that the igneous activity in this part related intimately to Hercynotype Orogeny of Pitcher(1979). Chronological episodes of igneous activity from Early Proterozoic to Early Tertiary in the northeastern part are figured.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.1363-1386
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• 2015

The October 23 2011 Van Earthquake is studied from an earthquake engineering point of view. Strong ground motion processing was performed to investigate features of the earthquake source, forward directivity effects during the rupture process as well as local site effects. Strong motion characteristics were investigated in terms of peak ground motion and spectral acceleration values. Directiviy effects were discussed in detail via elastic response spectra and wide band spectograms to see the high frequency energy distributions. Source parameters and slip distribution results of the earthquake which had been proposed by different researchers were summarized. Influence of the source parameters on structural response were shown by comparing elastic response spectra of Muradiye synthetic records which were performed by broadband strong motion simulations of the earthquake. It has been emphasized that characteristics of the earthquake rupture dynamics and their effects on structural design might be investigated from a multidisciplinary point of view. Seismotectonic calculations (e.g., slip pattern, rupture velocity) may be extended relating different engineering parameters (e.g., interstorey drifts, spectral accelerations) across different disciplines while using code based seismic design approaches. Current state of the art building codes still far from fully reflecting earthquake source related parameters into design rules. Some of those deficiencies and recent efforts to overcome these problems were also mentioned. Next generation ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs) may be incorporated with certain site categories for site effects. Likewise in the 2011 Van Earthquake, Reverse/Oblique earthquakes indicate that GMPEs need to be feasible to a wider range of magnitudes and distances in engineering practice. Due to the reverse faulting with large slip and dip angles, vertical displacements along with directivity and fault normal effects might significantly affect the engineering structures. Main reason of excessive damage in the town of Erciş can be attributed to these factors. Such effects should be considered in advance through the establishment of vertical design spectra and effects might be incorporated in the available GMPEs.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.341-347
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• 2006

Focal mechanisms were analyzed for the seven earthquakes which occurred in the southwestern part of the Korea Peninsula from 2001 to 2005. Grid searches are performed to fit distributions of P-wave first-motion polarities and SH/P amplitude ratios for each event. The focal mechanism solutions imply that most of the events have strike-slip sense including partially thrust component. The compressional axes of the solutions are predominantly ENE-WSW or NE-SW indirections. This result is similar to the directions of the principal compressional axes for major earthquakes occurred around the Korea Peninsula.