• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.226-231
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• 2009

Objective : We describe our clinical experiences and outcomes in patients who had thromboembolic complications occurring during endovascular treatment of intracerebral aneurysms with a review of the literature. The types of thromboembolic complications were divided and the treatment modalities for each type were described. Methods : Between August 2004 and March 2009 we performed endovascular embolization with Guglielmi detachable coils for 173 patients with 189 cerebral aneurysms, including ruptured and unruptured aneurysms at our hospital. Sixty-eight patients were males and 105 patients were females. The age of patients ranged from 22-82 years (average, 58.8 years). We retrospectively evaluated this group with regard to complication rates and outcomes. The types of thromboembolic complications were classified into the following three categories: mechanical obstruction, distal embolic stroke, and stent-induced complications, which corresponded to types I, II, and III, respectively. A comparison of the clinical results was made for each type of complication. Results : Only eight patients had a thromboembolic complication during or after a procedure (4.6%). Of the eight patients, two had a mechanical obstruction as the causative factor; the other three patients had distal embolic stroke as the causative factor. The remaining three patients had stent-induced complications. In cases of mechanical obstruction, recanalization occurred due to the use of intra-arterial thrombolytic agents in one of two patients. Nevertheless, a poor prognosis was seen. In the cases of stent-induced complications, in one of three patients in whom a thrombus developed following stent insertion, a middle cerebral artery territory infarct developed with a poor prognosis despite the use of wiring and an intra-arterial thrombolytic agent. In the cases of distal embolic stroke, all three patients achieved good results following the use of antiplatelet agents. Conclusion : Treatment for thromboemboic complications due to mechanical obstruction and stent-induced complications include antiplatelet and intra-arterial thrombolytic agents; however, this cannot guarantee a sufficient extent of effectiveness. Therefore, active treatments, such as balloon angioplasty, stent insertion, and clot extraction, are helpful.

• 대한미세수술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1994.11a
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• pp.104.1-104.1
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• 1994

• Journal of the Korean neurological association
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.408-410
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• 2018

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.134-137
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• 2016

Bee sting causes mild symptoms such as urticaria and localized pain, and severe symptoms including anaphylaxis, cardiovascular collapse, and death. We reported on a patient with arterial thrombotic occlusion and severe ischemia in the lower limb after multiple bee stings. The patient was stung 5 times and complained of pallor, pain, and coldness in the left toe, and did not have dorsalis pedis pulsation. Computed tomography angiography showed multiple thrombotic occlusion of the anterior and posterial tibial artery below the knee. Local thrombolytic therapy using urokinase was administered and the occluded arteries were successfully recanalized.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.484-488
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• 2008

During long-term anticoagulation treatment with using heparin in a pregnant patient with a mechanical mitral prosthesis, we observed several anticoagulation-related complications, including repeated prosthetic valve thrombosis. This was found to be caused by heparin resistance due to an anti-thrombin III deficiency. Thrombolytic therapy using urokinase or tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) was successful and safe for her as well as her baby.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.157-161
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• 2005

Direct injection of a fibrinolytic agent to the intraarterial thrombosis may increase the effectiveness of thrombolysis by enhancing the permeation of thrombolytic agents into the blood clot. Permeation of fibrinolytic agents into a clot is influenced by the surface pressure, which is determined by the injection velocity of fibrinolytic agents. In order to calculate the pressure distribution on the clot surface for different jet velocities (1, 3, 5 m/sec) and nozzle arrangements (1, 9, 17 nozzles), computational fluid dynamic methods were used. Thrombolysis of a clot was mathematically modeled based on the pressure and lysis front velocity relationship. Direct injection of a thrombolytic agent increased the speed of thrombolysis significantly and the effectiveness was increased as the ejecting velocity increased. The nine nozzles model showed about $20\%$ increase of the lysed volume, and the one and seventeen nozzles models did not show significant differences. The wall shear stress decreased as the number of nozzles increased, and the wall shear stress in most vessel wall was lower than 25 Pa. The results implied that thrombolysis could be accelerated by direct injection of a drug with the moderate velocity without damaging the blood vessel wall.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.356-362
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• 2009

The objective of this study was to investigate the biological activities of fermented mugworts and their effects on the lipid metabolism in hyperlipidemia-induced rats. The proximate compositions of two kinds of mugwort, Artemisia capillaris Thumberg and Artemisiae asiaticae Nakai, were compared before and after fermentation. In both types of mugwort crude protein and amino nitrogen contents markedly increased with fermentation. Thrombolytic activity determined from the size of the clear zone on a fibrin plate was higher for the Artemisiae asiaticae Nakai, especially in the fermented sample. Antioxidative activity according to DPPH(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging effects was higher for Artemisia capillaris Thumberg but no significant differences were found between the samples after fermentation. The body weights of hyperlipidemia-induced rats that were fed the mugworts for 4 weeks were lower than those of the control group. In all the mugwort-fed rats serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels remarkably decreased. Furthermore the fermented mugworts were found to be more effective at decreasing triglyceride (TG) levels. It is also noteworthy that the highest HDL-cholesterol levels were observed in the rats treated with the fermented Artemisiae asiaticae Nakai. And fatty liver weights were higher in the rats fed Artemisia capillaris Thumberg. In conclusion the feeding of fermented Artemisiae asiaticae Nakai was effective for increasing thrombolytic activity and HDL-cholesterol levels as well as reducing TG levels in rats.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.999-1006
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to report the improvement of symptoms by Korean medicine in acute hemorrhagic infarction. Method: The patient was diagnosed with a cerebral infarction of the right temporal lobe accompanied by cerebral hemorrhage of the left basal ganglia. He did not receive intravenous thrombolytic treatment. Sunghyangjungi-san-gamibang was initially administered, and Gami-daebo-tang was administered during the recovery phase, together with Uhwangchungsim-won, Simjeok-hwan, and acupuncture. The prognostic observation was conducted using the manual muscle test (MMT), the Korean version of the modified Bathel index (K-MBI), and subjective assessment. Results: After Korean medicine treatment, the K-MBI score was improved from 52 to 93. The MMT score and subjective assessment also showed improvement. Conclusions: For patients who cannot be treated with intravenous thrombolytic treatment, Korean medicine treatment is effective during the early and recovery stages of stroke.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.35 no.11
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• pp.826-830
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• 2002

Prosthetic valve thrombosis(PVT) may be a life-threatening complication requiring prompt intervention. This is a case report of thrombolytic therapy for thrombosis of prosthetic mitral valve. A 47 year-old male admitted to the emergency room for abrupt onset of dyspnea. He had undergone mitral valve replacement(On-Ⅹ valve, 29mm) for mitral stenosis 8 months ago. The patient's international normalized ratio(INR) on admission was 1.09. The mechanical clicks were muffled and rales were heard in both lung fields. A transesophageal echocardiography(TEE) revealed prosthetic valve thrombosis with increased transvalvular pressure gradient(34 mmHg). The patient's condition needed to intubation for mechanical ventilation due to hemodynamic compromise, however his wife and relatives refused the surgical intervention due to financial problems. The patient was transferred to the cardiac care unit and we decided to perform thrombolytic therapy. A bolus of 1,500,000 IU of urokinase was given, followed by a drip of 1,500,000 IU for 1 hour. The patient did not improved hemodynamically; therefore, we gave 100 mg of tissue plasminogen activator(t-PA) for over 2 hours. During that time mechanical clicks were audible and hemodynamics of the patient improved progressively. A TEE showed disappearance of thrombus and decreased pressure gradient(1.7 mmHg) after 6 hours of thrombolytic therapy. The patient was recovered without any neurologic sequale and was discharged with administration of warfarin.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2010

Bacteria strains with high activities of extracellular enzymes (protease, fibrinolytic enzyme, amylase, cellulase, and lipase) were isolated from Jeju traditional fermented soybean paste (Doenjang), and characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and physiological properties. Protease activities were higher in JR14, JR19, JR25, JR32, JR38, JR47, and JR64 than Bacillus subtilis KCCM 12027 (standard strain). Amylase activities were shown in JR6, JR25, JR38, JR56 and JR81, while not in KCCM12027. Cellulase activities were higher in JR6, JR14, JR48, and JR65 than those of other isolated strains and KCCM 12027 whereas lipase activities were the higher in JR-14 and JR-48. Thrombolytic activity in JR19 with high hemolysis activity were 192% compared with that of plasmin as a positive control. Zymogram analysis indicated that the thrombolytic active strains had 4~5 bands in the molecular weight range of 25~75 kDa. Gene sequence analysis of rRNA revealed that the isolated stains had 99% homology with Bacillus species, and the thrombolytic active stain JR19 was B. stratosphericus $41KF2a^T$.