• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.53-57
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• 1999

Pediatric laparoscopic splenectomy has been gradually accepted as the surgical management of a various splenic disorders, particularly in hematologic diseases. We report our experience with 16 patients who underwent this procedure because of hematologic disorders during the past 3 and a half years at the Department of Surgery, St. Mary's Hospital, the Catholic University Medical College. The mean age was 10 years(range 6-16 years) and the mean spleen weight was 210 gm(range 85-500 g). The indication for splenectomy were hereditary spherocytosis(6 cases), idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura(8 cases), autoimmune hemolytic anemia(1 case), and idiopathic splenomegaly(1 case). All splenectomies were performed safely with mean estimated blood loss of 233 ml. Mean operative time and mean postoperative hospital stay were 157 min and 4.5 days, respectively. Postoperative pain, medication was needed in 3 cases, just one injection in immediate postoperative period. Diet was started on the second or third postoperative day. In conclusion, laparoscopic splenectomy in pediatric patients is a safe procedure, offering a small of abdominal scar, much less pain, a shorter hospital stay and car the lower postoperative morbidity.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.677-683
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• 2004

The following case studies illustrate the application of oriental medical treatment of patients diagnosed with neurogenical bladder. The outstanding symptoms of two cases were general weakening and voiding difficulty, urinary retention and lack of urine sense. In one case, neurogenical bladder was caused by an operation on the femur, and in the other case, by diabetes and anemia. Western medical treatment didnot have any effect in these cases, but after oriental medical treatment, self-voiding was possible. These resu1t suggest that oriental treatment should be considered for patients with neurogenical bladder.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.625-632
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• 2004

Liver cirrhosis is a disease of the liver in which normal cells are replaced by scar tissue. This condition results in the failure of the liver to perform many of its usual functions. Liver cirrhosis include acsites, jaundice, portal hypertension, varices etc. This report is about one case of ascites with liver cirrhosis. In this case, we administrated Taeumjowetang-gamibang was administered and acupuncture was done in treatment of ascites and its symptoms. After administration of Taeumjowetang-gamibang medication, clinical symptoms and prominently improved and ascites dwindled to nothing. This reports suggests Taeumjowetang-gamibang has desirable effected on ascites.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.573-581
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• 2004

Evans syndrome, as originally described, refers to autoimmune hemolytic anemia accompanied by thrombocytopenia. The autoantibodies in Evans syndrome are directed specifically against red cells, platelets, or neutrophils and are not crossreacting. The incidence of autoimmune hemolytic anemia is estimated to be approximately 10 cases per million people. Many patients have associated disorders, such as lupus erythematosus and other autoimmune disease, chronic lymphadenopathy, or hypogammaglobulinemia. In Oriental Medicine, the approach to Evans syndrome is made in view of deficiency of blood. The ailment was treated through methods of Oriental Medicine. Acupucture and herbal medicine were administered to patients diagnosed with Evans Syndrome by ecchymosis at the lower limb after continued gingival bleeding. As a result significant improvement in RBC, Hb, Hct, and PLT were observed and complaints abated.

• The Korean Journal of Blood Transfusion
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.233-240
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• 2013

Background: A previous history of transfusion has been known to be associated with production of anti-HLA class I antibodies. However, platelet glycoproteins are the main target of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). The mechanism of antibody production is known to differ significantly between glycoproteins and anti-HLA class I. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical significance of anti-HLA class I antibodies in childhood ITP. Methods: Enrollment for the normal control group targeted 48 people who visited Gyeongsang National University Hospital from 1990 to 2010, and 48 young children with ITP. Anti-glycoproteins and anti-HLA class I antibodies were tested using the Modified Antigen Capture Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MACE) kit. Results: The positive rate of anti-HLA antibodies was significantly different [36/39 (92.3%) vs 29/46 (63%)] [ITP group vs normal control group] (P=0.002). The mean positive S/C ratio of anti-HLA antibodies was also significantly different (3.55 vs 1.51) [ITP group vs normal control group] (P=0.0000). The positive rate of anti-HLA did not differ significantly between the transfused group and the non-transfused group [12/12 (100%) vs 24/27 (88%)] [transfused ITP vs non-transfused ITP]. The mean positive S/C ratio of anti-HLA antibodies did not differ significantly between the transfused ITP group and the non-transfused ITP group (4.30 vs 3.25) [transfused ITP vs non-transfused ITP]. Consecutive testing showed that positive rate and positive S/C ratio of anti-HLA antibodies did not change significantly between sampling times in both groups [transfused ITP vs non-transfused ITP] (P=1.00 and P=0.15). Conclusion: Anti-HLA class I antibodies may be involved in childhood ITP. Transfusion did not affect the course of childhood ITP.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.62-68
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• 2007

Purpose : The cause and pathogenesis of Henoch-Sch$\ddot{o}$nlein purpura (HSP) are unknown, but recently the hypothesis that immunoglobulin A may have an important role in the pathogenesis of HSP is being published and HSP associated with mycoplasma infection has been also reported. The aim of this study is to discover relation between HSP and mycoplsma infection. Methods : From Jan. 2002 to Dec. 2005, we retrospectively evaluated 98 children who were diagnosed as HSP at Ilsan Paik Hospital. 84 patients were not associated with mycoplasma infection (group A) and 14 patients were associated with mycoplasma infection (group B). We compared both groups about clinical features. Results : The ratio of male to female patients in group A and B were 1.21:1 and 1.80:1. The number of patients in group A was most in November and December, and in group B was most in November. All patients had non-thrombocytopenic purpura concentrated on the buttocks and lower extremities and joint involvement was most common on the feet and ankle in both groups. 57 (67.9%) cases in group A and 9 (64.3%) cases in group B complained of abdominal pain. And 21 (25.0%) cases in group A and 5 (35.7%) cases in group B had nephritis. Elevated mycoplasma antibody titer (${\geq}1:320$) or 4 fold-rise were noted in 14 of 98 patients (14.3%). In this study, there was one child with HSP preceded by typical mycoplasma pneumonia (mycoplasma antibody titer 1:1280). Conclusion : In this study, elevated mycoplasma antibody titer (${\geq}1:320$) or 4 fold-rise were noted in 14 of 98 patients and the difference of clinical features between group A and B was not specific. The role of mycoplasma infection in the etiology of HSP may have been implicated, so the association with mycoplasma infection should have to be proved by further controlled studies.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.99-107
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• 2018

Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is an immune-mediated fibro-inflammatory disorder characterized by specific pathological findings and elevated serum IgG4 level. IgG4-RD in the stomach is rare, and occasionally diagnosed as gastric subepithelial tumor (SET) by endoscopy or computed tomography scan. Two female patients in the age group of 40-50 years were diagnosed with 4 cm sized gastric SET. One underwent laparoscopic gastric wedge resection. Another one had a history of subtotal gastrectomy for early gastric cancer and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura with oral steroids administration. She underwent a completion total gastrectomy with splenectomy for the gastric SET and ITP. The pathology showed storiform fibrosis, and IgG4 was positive in immunohistochemistry (IHC) stain. IgG4-RD is known as a medical disease that could be treated with oral steroids. The difficulty in preoperative diagnosis of the disease occasionally causes unnecessary gastric resection. Thus, preoperative diagnostic methods for IgG4-RD such as deep biopsy with IHC stain or magnetic resonance imaging are needed.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.203-210
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to report clinical effect of oriental medical for a not improved ITP patient, who developed complication from DVT, after intravenous immunoglobulin treatment. Methods : The patient was treated using Saam acupuncture, herbal medication, moxibustion and physical treatment. And we measured of systemic symptoms and platelet counts. Results : After treatment, systemic symptoms and platelet counts were improved in case. Conclusions : Oriental medical treatment showed significant effect on ITP patient that not improved platelet counts after intravenous immunoglobulin treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.383-389
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• 2002

This is a retrospective study on emergency patients with active oral bleeding. The study was based on a series of 135 patients treated as emergency patients at Wonju Christian Hospital, from Jan. 1, 1997, to Dec. 31, 2001. The postoperative bleeding was the most frequent cause of active oral bleeding in emergency room and bleeding from trauma and medically compromised (bleeding disorders) patients were next in order of frequency. In the injury of maxillofacial vessels, peak incidence was occurred in the inferior alveolar vessel (42.9%), followed by the submucosal vessel of lip & cheek, the superior alveolar vessel, and sublingual vessels. The most common disease of bleeding disorders was vascular wall alteration (infection, etc), followed by liver disease, thrombocytopenic purpura, anti-coagulation drugs in order. In the characteristics of dental diseases on bleeding disorders, periodontal disease and alveolar osteitis (osteomyelitis) were more common. The hemostasis was most obtained by use of wound suture, simple pressure dressing, drainage for infection control and primary interdental wiring of fracture. In the complication group, the infrequent incidence was showed in vomiting, hypovolemic shock, syncope, recurred bleeding & aspiration pneumonia. In the uncontrolled oral bleeding, the injured vessels were suspected as skull base & ethmoidal vessels. In this study, authors found that the close cooperation between the dentistry (Oral and maxillofacial surgery) and the medicine (emergency & internal medicine) was the most important for early proper control of active oral bleeding. And then post-operative wound closure, drainage for infection control and previous systemic evaluation of bleeding disorders were critical for the prevention of postoperative bleeding in the local dental clinic.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.202-207
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• 2005

Intravenous immune globulin(IVIG) is widely used for immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), Kawasaki disease and other autoimmune neuromuscular disease. Aseptic meningitis was one of the most serious neurologic complications reported following the use of IVIG. We experienced 4 episodes of aseptic meningitis associated with IVIG usage in 3 patients from 2003 to 2004. Underlying disease of each patients was ITP, Kawasaki disease and myathenia gravis and all of them received high dose IVIG treatment for their underlying disease. Within a days, they started to complain severe headache and diagnosed meningitis by cerebrospinal fluid analysis. Cerebrospinal fluid leukocyte counts varied from 92 to over a thound per microliter with dominance of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Microbiologic studies revealed no organisms. All of them were free from headache within 2 days and did not suffer any neurological sequelae.