• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.111-130
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• 2001

This study aims to examine the difference between market orientation, organizational service orientation, performances (employee satisfactions and business performances) across the type of hotel grade, and investigate the effect on performances of market orientation, organizational service orientation, and interaction of these two factors. For these purposes the authors developed 13 research proposals. The data for this research which were collected from Korean hotel firms’ managers and employees were analyzed with one-way ANOVA, regression analysis. The findings can be summarized as follows. First, five-star hotels display higher levels of market orientation, organizational service orientation, performance (employee satisfaction, business performance) than four-star and three-star hotels. Second, market orientation, organizational service orientation, and interaction of these two variables have significant effects on performances(employee satisfaction, business performance).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.11-14
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• 2003

To evaluate the ewe reproductive performances of three Iranian local sheep breeds, namely Moghani, Chal and Zel, 27 rams and 473 ewes were used as the foundation flock in a crossbreeding program. The three breeds were crossed amongst themselves reciprocally. Ram breed and ewe breed showed a two-way interaction on apparent fertility. The Zel ewes showed higher fertility than the Chal and Moghani ewes (94.4 vs 77.3 and 84.6%). Prolificacy among main and individual mating groups were not significantly different (p>0.05). Zel ewes were 22.3 and 14.8% more reproductive (p<0.05) than Chal and Moghani ewes, respectively. Zel and Moghani ewes showed higher (p<0.05) ewe productivity than Chal ewes. Ram breed had a significant (p<0.05) effect on ewe efficiency. The Zel rams were not completely successful to mate with Chal ewes, this caused a to way-interaction between ram and ewe breeds. The Zel ewes mated with Chal and Moghani rams showed 26.1 and 28.5% more efficiency than those mated with Zel rams. This observation strongly supports the use of crossbreeding to improve the efficiency of the Zel ewes. With decreasing lamb mortality, through supplemented feeding of lambs in pre-weaning period, and increasing litter weight, through crossbreeding, it should be possible to improve the efficiency of Zel ewes even better than Chal and Moghani ewes. Small body size of Zel ewes that needs the lower maintenance requirements would be a well advantageous to using Zel ewes as the dam herd to produce commercial lambs in north area of Iran.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.760-777
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• 2023

Fashion brands seek guidelines for effective green advertising messages, considering benefit appeals, brand types, and construal level. However, few studies have explored their simultaneous interplay. Thus, the present study conducted an experiment with a 2X2X2 between-subjects design to investigate how brand type and construal level moderate the mediating role of ad-brand congruency between benefit appeals and purchase intention. A total of 245 Millennials and Generation Z participants completed an online survey, and the data were analyzed using SPSS. A significant three-way interaction was revealed. Low-construal-level messages with concrete content showed disparities between aspirational and accessible brands concerning other-benefit appeals: Accessible brands utilizing other-benefit appeals demonstrated higher ad-brand congruency, while aspirational brands had lower ad-brand congruency. Furthermore, within aspirational brands, self-benefit appeals resulted in higher ad-brand congruency than other-benefit appeals. Finally, a moderated mediating effect was discovered, indicating that brand types and construal level moderated the mediating effect of ad-brand congruency between benefit appeals and purchase intention. The mediating effect was prominent in the context of self-benefit appeals, aspirational brands, and low-construal-level messages. This study highlights the intricate dynamics of the three factors in green advertising, providing valuable insights for crafting more targeted green advertisements.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.151-157
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• 2005

Sheep production is affected by genetic and non-genetic factors. A knowledge of these factors is essential for efficient management and for the accurate estimation of breeding values. The objective of this study was to establish the non-genetic factors which affect birth weight and weaning weight in Dorper, Mutton Merino and indigenous Sabi sheep breeds. A total of 2,625 birth and weaning weight records from Grasslands Research Station collected from 1991 through 1993, were used. The records were collected from indigenous Sabi (939), Dorper (807) and Mutton Merino (898) sheep. A mixed classification model containing the fixed effects of year, birth status and sex was used for identification of non-genetic factors. Sire within breed was included as a random effect. Two factor interactions and three factor interactions were important in indigenous Sabi, Mutton Merino and Dorper sheep. The mean birth weights were 4.37${\pm}$0.04 kg, 4.62${\pm}$0.04 kg and 3.29${\pm}$0.04 kg for Mutton Merino, Dorper and Sabi sheep, respectively. Sire had significant effects (p<0.05) on birth weight in Mutton Merino and indigenous Sabi sheep. Year of lambing had significant effects (p<0.05) on birth weight in indigenous Sabi, Mutton Merino and Dorper sheep. The effect of birth status was non significant in Dorper and Mutton Merino sheep while effect of birth status was significant on birth weight in indigenous Sabi sheep. In Indigenous Sabi sheep lambs born as singles (3.30${\pm}$0.05 kg) were 0.23 kg heavier than twins (3.07${\pm}$0.05 kg), in Mutton Merino lambs born as singles (3.99${\pm}$0.08 kg) were 0.07 kg heavier than twins (3.92${\pm}$0.08 kg) and in Dorper lambs born as singles (4.41${\pm}$0.04 kg) were 0.02 kg heavier than twins (4.39${\pm}$0.04 kg). On average males were heavier than females (p<0.05) weighing (3.32${\pm}$0.04 kg vs. 3.05${\pm}$0.07 kg) in indigenous Sabi, 4.73${\pm}$0.03 kg vs. 4.08${\pm}$0.05 in Dorper and 4.26${\pm}$0.07 kg vs. 3.66${\pm}$0.09 kg in Mutton Merino sheep. Two way factor interactions of sire*year, year*sex and sex*birth status had significant effects (p<0.05) on birth weight in indigenous Sabi, Mutton Merino and Dorper sheep while the effect of year*birth status was non significant on birth weight in Indigenous Sabi sheep. The three way factor interaction of year*sex*birth status had a significant effect (p<0.01) on birth weight in indigenous Sabi and Mutton Merino. Tupping weight fitted as a covariate had significant effects (p<0.001) on birth weight in indigenous Sabi, Mutton Merino and Dorper sheep. The mean weaning weights were 17.94${\pm}$0.31 kg, 18.19${\pm}$0.28 kg and 14.39${\pm}$0.28 kg for Mutton Merino, Dorper and Indigenous Sabi sheep, respectively. Effects of sire and sire*year were non significant on weaning weight in Dorper and Mutton Merino while year, sex and sex*year interaction had significant effects (p<0.001) on weaning weight. On average males were heavier than females (p<0.001) at weaning. The respective weaning weights were 18.05${\pm}$0.46 kg, 18.68${\pm}$0.19 kg, 14.14${\pm}$0.15 kg for males and 16.64${\pm}$0.60 kg, 16.41${\pm}$0.31 kg, 12.64${\pm}$0.32 kg for females in Mutton Merino, Dorper and Indigenous Sabi sheep. Lambs born as singles were significantly heavier at weaning than twins, 0.05 kg, 0.06 kg and 0.78 kg for Mutton Merino, Dorper and Indigenous Sabi sheep, respectively. Effect of tupping weight was highly significant on weaning weight. The three way factor interaction year*sex*birth status had a significant effect (p<0.01) on weaning weight. Correction for environmental effects is necessary to increase accuracy of direct selection for birth weight and weaning weight.

• 아동학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.33-46
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• 1988

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of age, sex, and friendship type on child's shared knowledge of a friend. The following hypotheses were raised; Child's shared knowledge of friend would increase with age, shared knowledge of girls would be higher than that of boys shared knowledge of girls would be higher than that of boys shared knowledge in a mutual friendship would be higher than in a unilateral friendship, there would be an interaction effect between age and friendship type in child's shared knowledge of friend. The subjects of this study consisted of 80 boys and girls, 8- and 11-year-olds. Shared knowledge of a friend was measured with a modified version of the 70 picture items developed by Ladd and Emerson (1984). The obtained data were analyzed by three-way ANOVA. Child's shared knowledge of a friend increased with age. Girls exhibited greater ORSK (other-referenced shared knowledge) than did boys, but there was no significant difference between girls and boys in SRSK (the selfreferenced shared knowledge). Mutual friendships exhibited greater SRSK than did unilateral friendships, but there was no significant difference between mutual friendship and unilateral friendship in ORSK. There was a significant interaction effect between age and friendship type in child's shared knowledge of friend.

• 논리연구
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.21-67
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• 2017

이 글에서 필자는, 선언 인과(disjunctive cause)를 위한 사토리오(Satorio 2006)의 논증을 비판적으로 검토하고 평가한 후, 사토리오가 선언 인과로 의도한 바를 우리의 직관에 더 잘 부합하는 인과 구조로 보여주고자 한다. 우선, 선언 원인을 주장하는 사토리오의 논증을 소개한다. 다음으로, 이 논증에 가능한 반론들에 대한 사토리오의 응답과 그 논증에서 필자가 새롭게 주목하는 문제를 논의한다. 마지막으로, 사토리오가 선언 원인의 근거로 제시한 인과 구조를, 조절 효과 변수와 인과 상호작용 그리고 확률 궤적으로 해명한다. 결과 사건과 관련하여 원인 사건과 조절 효과의 인과 상호작용, 그리고 결과 사건의 비결정성이 갖는 의미와 역할을 본다. 이들 논의를 통해 선언 원인 사건에 대한 사토리오의 해명보다 필자의 해명이 우리의 직관에 더 부합하며, 또한 인과적 책임을 행위자에게 할당하는 데에 더 설득적임을 보여준다. 이 글에서 필자의 핵심 주장은 다음과 같다. 선언 인과 구조는 사토리오가 주장하는 것과 다르게 해명해야 한다. 선언 원인 사건이 아니라, 사건들이 결과 사건에 연결될 성향들이 있는 데 이들 성향의 선언 관계가 있다. 인과적 책임을 행위자에게 부여하려면, 인과 사건의 비결정성에 주목해야 한다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.117-126
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• 2016

Purpose - Color is perceived to have an effect on humans' cognition and behavior because of its association with specific concepts. Since there are few studies linking color and price presentation, we investigated a constrained condition of consumers' regulatory focus and involvement. Research design, data, and methodology - We performed a 2 (color: red vs. black) × 2 (regulatory focus: prevention vs. promotion) × 2 (involvement: high vs. low) test of our hypothesis. The target product was a portable data storage device (USB) and data from 165 respondents were analyzed. Each condition had two stages. In the first, product information and price were presented. After reviewing the product information, respondents evaluated price attractiveness. In the second stage, respondents filled out regulatory focus and involvement questionnaires. The main variables were color, regulatory focus, and involvement. Therefore, we ran a three-way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) to test our hypothesis. Results - When the price was red (vs. black), consumers perceived the red price as more attractive than the black price. However, this effect varied by situation. Specifically, in the low involvement condition among prevention-focused consumers, when the price was in red, price attractiveness was higher than when the price was in black. However, for promotion-focused consumers, there was no difference in the price color effect. In the high involvement condition, promotion-focused consumers showed stronger price attractiveness for the red price than the black price. However, the effect of price color diminished for prevention-focused consumers. That is, prevention-focused consumers did not reveal a different price perception between red versus black in the high involvement condition. Conclusions - This research contributes by academically linking the effects of color to price attractiveness, and focusing on the interaction of regulatory focus and involvement. When involvement is low, the effect of red disappeared for promotion-focused consumers, whereas the same happened for prevention-focused consumers under the condition of high involvement.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.102-116
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• 2015

This study aimed to identify the effects of fashion brand extensions types, preannouncing and consumers' regulatory focus on preference towards extension products. To that end, the study used a 2 (fashion brand extension types: similar vs. non-similar) ${\times}2$ (preannouncing: near preannouncing vs. far preannouncing) ${\times}2$ (regulatory focus: promotion focus vs. prevention focus) three mixed elements. The subjects of the study were 280 men and women in their 20~40s living in Seoul and Chungnam province and total of 229 data were analyzed. Data were analysed with SPSS 19.0 program and three-way ANOVA, simple interaction effects and simple main effects analysis were conducted. The results of this study are as follows: First there were significant differences in preference based on fashion brand extension types and preannouncing. Second, there were significant interaction effects in preference between extension types of fashion brand and regulatory focus. But there was no difference in preference toward extension products according to types of preannouncing and regulatory focus. Lastly, fashion brand extension types, preannouncing and regulatory focus showed significant interaction effects on preference. Thus even in cases of non-similar brand extensions which carry more risk of failing, the appropriate marketing communication strategies such as preannouncing will result in brand preference. Also marketing activities should be comprehensive and strategical based on consumers' tendencies in order to derive positive evaluations.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권8호
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• pp.1082-1087
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• 2014

Thirty-two lambs were distributed in eight treatments under $2{\times}2{\times}2$ factorial experiment to compare the effects of two levels of selenium (0.2 to 5 mg/kg dry matter [DM]), sulphur (0.25% and 0.37%) and copper (8 and 25 mg/kg DM) levels on selenium concentration in liver and serum of lambs. A liver biopsy was done on all animals and blood samples were collected from the jugular vein prior to the beginning of the treatments. The blood was sampled every thirty days and the liver was sampled after 90 days, at the slaughter. Increasing differences were noticed during the data collection period for the serum selenium concentration, and it was found to be 0.667 mg/L in animals fed with 5 mg Se/kg DM and normal sulphur and copper concentrations in their diet. However, a three-way interaction and a reduction of selenium concentration to 0.483 mg/L was verified when increasing copper and sulphur concentration levels to 25 ppm and 0.37% respectively. The liver selenium concentration was also high for diets containing higher selenium concentrations, but the antagonist effect with the increased copper and sulphur levels remained, due to interactions between these minerals. Therefore, for regions where selenium is scarce, increasing its concentration in animal diets can be an interesting option. For regions with higher levels of selenium, the antagonistic effect of interaction between these three minerals should be used by increasing copper and sulphur dietary concentrations, thus preventing possible selenium poisoning.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제12권11호
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• pp.358-367
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• 2012

최근 정보통신기술의 발전은 농식품 분야에도 매우 큰 영향을 미치고 있다. 특히 트위터, 페이스북과 같은 소셜네트워크서비스는 새로운 유통채널로 각광을 받고 있다. 본 연구는 SNS의 특성과 이를 활용한 농식품 콘텐츠 관련 선행연구의 고찰을 바탕으로 농식품 콘텐츠 소비자들의 만족과 구매의도에 영향을 미치는 SNS의 특성을 분석하고, 관계를 검증함으로써 성공적인 농식품 콘텐츠의 활용 방향과 구매의도를 개선하기 위한 시사점을 제공하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 SNS의 특성으로 사회적 실재감, 상호작용성, 교류빈도를 도출하고, 이 특성들이 농식품 콘텐츠를 활용하는 소비자들의 만족과 구매의도에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 파악하고자 SNS를 통해 농식품이나 관련 서비스의 구매경험이 있는 소비자들을 대상으로 실증분석을 하였다. 그 결과 사회적 실재감, 상호작용성은 소비자만족에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 교류빈도는 정(+)의 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 소비자만족은 구매의도에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다.