• Title/Summary/Keyword: Three-Shift

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Pattern classification of the synchronized EEG records by an auditory stimulus for human-computer interface (인간-컴퓨터 인터페이스를 위한 청각 동기방식 뇌파신호의 패턴 분류)

  • Lee, Yong-Hee;Choi, Chun-Ho
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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    • v.12 no.12
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    • pp.2349-2356
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    • 2008
  • In this paper, we present the method to effectively extract and classify the EEG caused by only brain activity when a normal subject is in a state of mental activity. We measure the synchronous EEG on the auditory event when a subject who is in a normal state thinks of a specific task, and then shift the baseline and reduce the effect of biological artifacts on the measured EEG. Finally we extract only the mental task signal by averaging method, and then perform the recognition of the extracted mental task signal by computing the AR coefficients. In the experiment, the auditory stimulus is used as an event and the EEG was recorded from the three channel $C_3-A_1$, $C_4-A_2$ and $P_Z-A_1$. After averaging 16 times for each channel output, we extracted the features of specific mental tasks by modeling the output as 12th order AR coefficients. We used total 36th order coefficient as an input parameter of the neural network and measured the training data 50 times per each task. With data not used for training, the rate of task recognition is 34-92 percent on the two tasks, and 38-54 percent on the four tasks.

Comparison Study of Beam Pattern for FDD downlink CDMA Signals (FDD에서 하향링크 CDMA신호의 빔패턴 비교 연구)

  • Kim, Sang-Choon;Son, Kyung-Soo;Ha, Joo-Young;Lee, Sung-Mok;Jang, Won-Woo
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.358-365
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    • 2007
  • In this paper, the effects of transmit beamforming on downlink performance in DS-CDMA communication systems are investigated. The uplink and downlink in FDD systems use different carrier frequencies. If the downlink uses the same weighting vectors as the uplink, the antenna beam for downlink is formed with certain DOA shift and it thus affects the beamforming gain. So, the impacts of different frequencies on the downlink beam patterns are studied. One possible algorithm to convert uplink beamforming weights to downlink, which is called frequency-calibrated processing, is also evaluated to reduce the degradation of downlink performance due to different frequencies. Under frequency selective channels, the downlink chooses a PUPW beamforming scheme when the uplink employs a PPPW vectors. To form a beam pattern for a PUPW after combining the downlink PPPWs converted from the uplink PPPWs, three approaches are studied. One method is to consider only one dominant path and thus obtain a single main-beam. In the others, multiple-beams weighted with the magnitudes of all paths and equally weighted with all paths are constructed.

VENGEANCE, VIOLENCE, VAMPIRES: Dark Humour in the Films of Park Chan-wook

  • Hughes, Jessica
    • Cross-Cultural Studies
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    • v.28
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    • pp.17-36
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    • 2012
  • This essay places the South Korean film Thirst (2009) within Park Chan-wook's oeuvre as a filmmaker notorious for graphic depictions of violence and revenge. Park's use of dark humour in his films, which is emphasized in Thirst perhaps more than ever, allows for a more self-aware depiction of violence, where both the viewer and the protagonist are awakened to the futility of revenge. This ultimately paints his characters as fascinatingly crazy - simultaneously heroes, villains, and victims. Film theorist Wes D. Gehring's three themes of dark humour ('man as beast,' 'the absurdity of the world,' and 'the omnipresence of death') become most obvious in Park's most recent film, which pays closer attention to character development through narrative detail. Rather than portraying the characters as sentimental, dark humour depicts their misfortunes in an alternative way, allowing for consideration of such taboo subjects as religion, adultery, and death/suicide. These issues are further tackled through Thirst's portrayal of its vampire protagonist, which ultimately de-mystifies the traditional vampire figure. While this character has more often been associated with romance, exoticism and the mystical powers of the supernatural, Thirst takes relatively little from the demons of Nosferatu (Murnau, 1922) and various other Dracula adaptations, nor the romantic figures of Interview with the Vampire (Jordan, 1994), and Twilight (Hardwicke, 2008). Instead, it is part of a much smaller group of contemporary vampire films, which are rather informed by a postmodern reconfiguration of the monster. Thus, this paper examines Thirst as an important contribution to the global and hybrid nature of those films in which postmodern vampires are sympathetic and de-mystified, exhibiting symptoms stemming from a natural illness or misfortune. Park's undertaking of a vampire film allows for a complex balance between narrative and visuals through his focus on the Western implications of this myth within Korean cinema. This combination of international references and traditional Korean culture marks it as highly conscious of New Korean Cinema's focus on globalization. With Thirst, Park successfully unites familiar images of the vampire hunting and feeding, with more stylistically distinct, grotesque images of violence and revenge. In this sense, dark humour highlights the less charming aspects of the vampire struggling to survive, most effective in scenes depicting the protagonist feeding from his friend's IV in the hospital, and sitting in the sunlight, slowly turning to ash, in the final minutes of the film. The international appeal of Park's style, combining conventions of the horror/thriller genre with his own mixture of dark humour and non-linear narrative, is epitomized in Thirst, which underscores South Korea's growing global interest with its overt international framework. Furthermore, he portrayal of the vampire as a sympathetic figure allows for a shift away from the conventional focus on myth and the exotic, toward a renewed construction of the vampire in terms of its contribution to generic hybridization and cultural adaptation.

The Developmental History and Recent Trends of TOPIK: from the 1st TOPIK in 1997 through the 52nd TOPIK in 2016 (한국어능력시험 20년 발전사와 최근 동향 -1997년 제1회 시험부터 2016년 제52회 시험까지-)

  • Kim, Chungsook
    • Journal of Korean language education
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    • v.28 no.3
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    • pp.1-24
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    • 2017
  • This article explores the developmental history of TOPIK over the last 20 years and its recent trends. Over the last two decades, TOPIK underwent two major systematic reforms, achieving both quantitative and qualitative growth over the course of its 52 testing sessions. TOPIK has utilized a six-level evaluation system from its inception to the present. The evaluation system was amended from the earlier six-test set - whereby each level corresponded with a separate test (1997~2005: the $1^{st}{\sim}9^{th}$) - to the three-test set (2006~2014: the $10^{th}{\sim}34^{th}$), and finally to the two-test set (2014~present: the $35^{th}{\sim}42^{nd}$). In the earlier exams, abilities in Vocabulary Grammar, Writing, Listening, and Reading were assessed. However, beginning with the $35^{th}$ TOPIK, abilities in Listening, Reading, and Writing (only in TOPIK II) were assessed and the evaluation of the writing section was changed to a task-based process, improving TOPIK into a more qualified analysis of proficiency. Over the last 20 years, the number of countries TOPIK is administered in has greatly increased from 4 to 73 countries, and the annual number of test-takers has also significantly increased from 2,692 to 250,141. The distribution of proficiency levels of the test-takers has shifted over time - initially "Beginner>Intermediate>Advanced" in the earlier exams, to "Intermediate>Advanced>Beginner" after the mid 2000s - as the number of those studying the Korean language for specific purposes and continuing education increased. Test-takers have indicated a shift in their purpose for taking the exam, initially citing "to assess proficiency" and more recently selecting "to study abroad," and this could also correlate with changes in the proportion of test-takers' proficiency level. In general, 85~95% of beginner, 50~65% of intermediate, and 45~60% of advanced test applicants passed the respective proficiency level. To date, no practices have yet been implemented to standardize the difficulty level longitudinally across test sets.

A study on the effect of sensemaking of the chief executives of the social welfare organizations on their leadership development - Centered on the Community Care Centers for the Disabled - (사회복지기관장의 센스메이킹이 리더십 발현에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 - 장애인복지관을 중심으로-)

  • Lee, Eun Kyung
    • Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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    • v.44 no.3
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    • pp.207-236
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    • 2013
  • This article aims to understand the process of effective leadership in the Community Care Centers for the Disabled(CCCD). Using a qualitative approach and the concept of 'Sensemaking', a term introduced by Weick (1995), I described and explored the process of leadership. Sensemaking enables leaders to have a better grasp of what is going on in their environments. Sensemaking theory offers a perspective on leadership that resolves successfully complex situations surrounding the CCCD. The CCCDs face the environmental changes such as a paradigm shift of disability and a rivalry system with private services. In this time of uncertain change, the CCCDs are in need of leadership of the executives who could reduce complexity with shared meaning. Data were collected over 5 weeks from the 6 CCCDs, through semi-structured interviews, with practitioners, middle managers and chief executives. The interview scripts were thematically analyzed through Atlas-ti programme. The findings showed three subjects, the people's perception of environment, organizational visioning and interactions among post positions. Even though the 6 CCCDs were under the same environment, the perceptions and the enactments of the practitioners were influenced by the chief executives' sensemaking. The important factors of the chief executives' sensemaking were the daily interaction as well as ongoing reflection on their experiences.

The Impact of Organizational Safety Culture on the Resilience Ability : Focused on the Construction Industry (조직의 안전문화가 레질리언스 역량에 미치는 영향 : 건설업을 중심으로)

  • Chu, Chan Ho;An, Kang Min;Baek, Dong Hyun
    • Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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    • v.44 no.3
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    • pp.73-85
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    • 2021
  • The construction industry is considered to be a fatal accident industry, accounting for 28.5% of the total industrial accidents in 2017, as the number of industrial accidents in the construction industry has steadily increased over the past decade. So it is necessary to consider introducing Resilience Engineering, which is actively applied to risky industries around the world, to drastically reduce construction accidents. Although Resilience Engineering, which has emerged as the next-generation safety management centered on Hollnagel since the 2000s, claims the importance of strengthening Resilience abilities considering organizational structure and culture, most studies focus only on developing evaluation indicators. The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of an organization's safety culture on its Resilience abilities in the construction industry. Specifically, it conducted empirical analysis on the impact of safety culture consisting of 'communication, leadership and safety systems' on the Resilience abilities(responding ability, monitoring ability, learning ability, anticipating ability), and the mediation relationship between leadership, communication, and safety system. The survey was conducted on construction workers, and an empirical analysis was conducted on the final 154 responses using SPSS 25 and Smart PLS 3. The results showed that the safety system had a significant impact on all Resilience Abilities, and communication had a significant impact on the remaining three except for anticipating ability among Resilience Abilities. On the other hand, leadership has been shown to have a significant impact on anticipating ability only. In the verifying of the mediation relationship between leadership, communication and safety systems, it was found that leadership affects all Resilience abilities by means of safety systems, but communication can only affect responding ability. This study has practical significance in that it suggests the need for policy-level efforts to introduce and apply Resilience Engineering and then expanded the effective safety management assessment of the construction industry in the future. Moreover, the academic implications are important in that the study attempted to expand the academic scope for a paradigm shift in the future as the safety culture has identified its impact on the Resilience abilities.

A Study on MR Imaging Method for The Patient with Inserting Shoulder Joint Suture Anchor (견관절 삽입술을 시행한 환자의 자기 공명 영상법에 관한 연구)

  • Park, Eui-Cheol;Bae, Seok-Hwan;Ryu, Yeun-Chul;Park, Young-Joon;Kim, Yong-Gwon
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.22 no.4
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    • pp.513-519
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    • 2021
  • Metallic suture anchors are very useful and common fixation devices that are inserted into the target bone to sustain the tendon of a patient with musculus supraspinatus tendon ruptures. On the other hand, the presence of a metallic material prosthesis, such as a metal suture anchor, causes severe MR imaging artifacts, including field distortion, signal loss, and failure of fat suppression. The difference in magnetic susceptibility between metal and other organic materials causes magnetic field distortion surrounding the prosthesis. The resulting magnetic field inhomogeneity makes the images with a lower signal-to-noise ratio and distortion. For a patient with a suture anchor implanted, MR imaging is the golden standard for determining the postoperative prognosis, and a fat-saturation sequence is one of the imaging methods most affected by metal-induced artifacts. In this study, three fat-saturation sequences were compared. Artifact quantification and contrast comparison between the supraspinatus tendon and the surrounding muscle were presented. The images obtained using the STIR pulse sequence showed fewer susceptibility artifacts and better visibility in the supraspinatus tendon and the tissue area. Therefore, the STIR sequence is the most appropriate fat-saturation imaging method for patients with a metallic prosthesis.

The Conceptualization of Caring Justice and an Evaluation of Long-Term Care Policy in Korea (돌봄정의(Caring Justice) 개념구성과 한국 장기요양정책의 평가)

  • Seok, Jae-Eun
    • 한국사회정책
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    • v.25 no.2
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    • pp.57-91
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    • 2018
  • Despite the rapid growth of social care, understanding of care is segmental and caring is still marginalizing. The socialization of caring is actually a 'half-socialization' that is the result of injustice surrounding caring. Therefore, it is necessary to approach the problem of caring in terms of justice. In this paper, I discuss the limitations of social justice based on John Rawls 's social contract theory in the discussion of caring justice through feminists'writings on caring ethics. And then applying Nancy Fraser' s three scales of Justice-redistribution, recognition, and representation, the concept of caring justice has been newly constructed. The concept of caring is defined as a unified concept of caring including the aspect of the social rights of the care recipient as well as the labor rights of the care provider. Based on the analysis of care justice, we derive the ideal types of care policy and then evaluate the long-term care policy for the elderly, which is the central axis of Korean care policy. The results of this study are as follows: First, it is necessary to strengthen the labor rights of care providers especially for the socialization of care responsibilities and the proper allocation of social resources. Second, a service delivery system and care culture are needed to ensure the relational autonomy of care-receivers and care-givers for caring ethics and individualization of care. Third, the issue of care should be treated as the central agenda of politics in order to distribute care responsibility democratically and to distribute legitimate resources. This requires a paradigm shift from marginalization of care to mainstreaming of care. Ultimately, we should aim for a Caring Society.

Repression of CCSP Expression by KLF4 (KLF4에 의한 CCSP 발현 억제)

  • Kwak, Inseok
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.28 no.12
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    • pp.1432-1437
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    • 2018
  • Clara cell secretory protein (CCSP) plays an important role in protecting the lungs from inflammation. This research focuses on identifying the cis-element for binding the repressor of CCSP gene expression. A DNase I footprinting experiment revealed three protected regions between -812 and -768 bp (45 bp) of the mCCSP promoter. One motif (D3: GCCTGGGAA) was 100% conserved across rat, hamster, and human. The addition of excess amounts of the D3 motif exhibited high competition within that 45 bp range in an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. However, when mutated D3 ($G{\underline{AA}}TG{\underline{TT}}AA$) was used, the competition was significantly reduced. This demonstrates that the D3 motif within that 45 bp region of the mCCSP promoter is an important site for the protein-DNA interaction. Transient transfection assays with -756 Luc resulted in highly decreased expression of CCSP than those with -812 Luc, suggesting that the 45 bp could function as a binding site for the repressor. Co-transfection of KLF4 exhibited significant repression of the -812 Luc but not the -768 Luc which clearly shows that KLF4 might function as a repressor for the CCSP gene and also suggests that the D3 motif is strongly involved in the binding of KLF4. In addition, when anti-KLF4 antibody was added, super-shifted bands were observed. This result demonstrates that KLF4 could function as a repressor by binding to this 45 bp region of the CCSP promoter and that the D3 motif might be involved in the specific binding of KLF4.

Correlation analysis of muscle amino acid deposition and gut microbiota profile of broilers reared at different ambient temperatures

  • Yang, Yuting;Gao, Huan;Li, Xing;Cao, Zhenhui;Li, Meiquan;Liu, Jianping;Qiao, Yingying;Ma, Li;Zhao, Zhiyong;Pan, Hongbin
    • Animal Bioscience
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    • v.34 no.1
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    • pp.93-101
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    • 2021
  • Objective: Temperature could influence protein and amino acid deposition as well as gut microbiota profile and composition. However, the specific effects of ambient temperature on amino acids deposition and gut microbiota composition remain insufficiently understood. Methods: A total of 300 one-day-old Avian broilers were randomly divided into three groups and reared at high, medium, and low temperature (HT, MT, and LT), respectively. Breast muscle and fecal samples were collected for amino acid composition analysis and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Results: Our data showed that compared to the MT group, there was a decrease of muscle leucine and tyrosine (p<0.05), as well as an increase of methionine in the HT group (p<0.05) and a decrease of serine in the LT group. Examination of microbiota shift revealed that at genus level, the relative abundance of Turicibacter and Parabacteroides was increased in the HT group (p<0.05) and that the relative abundances of Pandoraea, Achromobacter, Prevotella, Brevundimonas, and Stenotrophomonas in the LT group were higher than those in the MT group (p<0.05). In addition, there were substantial correlations between microbes and amino acids. In the HT group. Turicibacter was negatively correlated with aspartic acid and tyrosine, whereas Parabacteroides was positively correlated with methionine (p<0.05). In the LT group, there were multiple positive correlations between Achromobacter and arginine, isoleucine or tyrosine; between Prevotella and cysteine or phenylalanine; between Brevundimonas and cysteine; and between Stenotrophomonas and cysteine as well as a negative correlation between Stenotrophomonas and serine. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that amino acid content of breast muscle and intestinal microbiota profile was affected by different ambient temperatures. Under heat exposure, augmented abundance of Parabacteroides was correlated with elevated methionine. Low temperature treatment may affect muscle tyrosine content through the regulation of Achromobacter.