• 제목/요약/키워드: Three Machines

검색결과 458건 처리시간 0.025초

Spark 프레임워크를 적용한 대용량 SHIF 온톨로지 추론 기법 (An Approach of Scalable SHIF Ontology Reasoning using Spark Framework)

  • 김제민;박영택
    • 정보과학회 논문지
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    • 제42권10호
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    • pp.1195-1206
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    • 2015
  • 지식 관리 시스템을 운영하기 위해서는 대량의 지식 정보를 자동으로 추론 및 관리하는 기술이 필요하다. 현재, 이러한 시스템의 대다수는 컴퓨터간의 지식 정보를 자동으로 교환하고 스스로 새로운 지식을 추론하기 위해 온톨로지를 적용하고 있다. 따라서 대용량의 온톨로지를 대상으로 새로운 정보를 추론하는 효율적인 기술이 요구되고 있다. 본 논문은 분산 클러스터의 메모리상에서 MapReduce와 유사한 작업을 수행하는 Spark 프레임워크를 적용하여, SHIF 수준으로 작성된 대용량의 온톨로지를 규칙 기반으로 추론하는 기술에 대해서 제안한다. 이에 본 논문은 다음 3 가지에 초점을 맞추어 설명을 한다. 클러스터내의 분산된 메모리상에서 대용량 추론을 실시하기 위해서, 먼저 각 추론 규칙에 따라 대용량의 온톨로지 트리플을 효과적으로 분류하여 적재하기 위한 자료구조, 두 번째 규칙간의 종속 관계와 상호 연관성에 따른 규칙 실행 순서와 반복 조건 정의, 마지막으로 규칙 실행에 필요한 명령을 정의하고 이러한 명령어를 실행하여 추론을 수행하는 알고리즘에 대해 설명한다. 제안하는 기법의 효율성을 검증하기 위해, 온톨로지 추론과 검색 속도를 평가하는 공식 데이터인 LUBM을 대상으로 실험을 수행하였다. 대표적인 분산클러스터 기반 대용량 온톨로지 추론 엔진인 WebPie와 비교 실험한 결과, LUBM에 대해서 WebPie의 추론 처리량이 553 트리플/초 인데 비해 284배 개선된 157k 트리플/초의 성능 향상이 있었다.

치과 의료서비스 만족도 관련요인 연구 (A study on factors related to satisfaction level with dental services)

  • 고은정;이용환;허승주
    • 한국치위생학회지
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    • 제10권2호
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    • pp.393-411
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    • 2010
  • Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine factors related to the satisfaction level of patients with dental services. Methods : The subjects in this study were 200 patients at three different dental clinics in South Gyeongsang Province, on whom a survey was conducted from June 1 to July 31, 2009. The collected data were analyzed, and the findings of the study were as follows. Results : In regard to the general characteristics of the patients investigated, the women(61.5%) out-numbered the men. By age, those who were at the age of 30 and down made up the largest age group(47.0%). By academic background, the greatest group received junior-college education(54.0%). By occupation, the company employees constituted the largest group (50.5%). By income, the greatest group earned an income of 2 to 2.99 million won(75.0%). Second, as to connections between the characteristics of dental treatment and the reason of choosing the dental clinics, the largest group(70.4%) chose the dental clinics by word of mouth or the recommendation of others. Concerning the reason of dissatisfaction, the biggest group(72.7%) was unsatisfied with medical costs. As for the degree of explicit complaint, the greatest group(49.7%) sort of complained about what made them dissatisfied. Regarding the type of treatment, the biggest group(49.0%) received prosthodontic treatment. In relation to fear for dental treatment, the largest group(34.0%) feared receiving the treatment, and the biggest group(42.6%) did that due to the sound of machines. Third, satisfaction with services(0.762) had the closest correlation to overall satisfaction level, followed by satisfaction with employees(0.735), satisfaction with dentists(0.644) and satisfaction with convenient facilities (0.579). Fourth, the factors that affected overall satisfaction level were gender, the reason of choosing the dental clinic, satisfaction with dentists, satisfaction with employees, satisfaction with services and satisfaction with convenient facilities. The patients who were better satisfied with services(p<0.001), who were more contented with dentists(p<0.001), who chose the dental clinics by the recommendation of others(p<0.01), who were male(p<0.05), who were more gratified with employees(p<0.05) and who were more contented with convenient facilities expressed better overall satisfaction. Conclusions : The above-mentioned findings suggested that dental institutions should keep track of the expectations of patients to prepare differentiated strategies for marketing and human-resources development in consideration of their own circumstances to boost the satisfaction level of patients. Specifically, it's required to heighten the satisfaction level of patients with dentists.

학교시설의 녹색건축 활성화를 위한 인증현황 분석 연구 - 경기도 학교시설을 중심으로 - (An Analysis on Current Status of Certification for Green Building Revitalization in School - Focused on the School Located in Gyeonggi-do Province -)

  • 김장영;김성중;이승민
    • 교육녹색환경연구
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    • 제14권3호
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    • pp.9-17
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    • 2015
  • 본 논문에서는 경기지역을 대상으로 학교시설의 녹색건축 활성화를 위한 검증 기준인 녹색건축인증, 건축물 에너지효율등급, 에너지절약계획에 대한 항목별 적용 여부 및 계획수준을 분석하였다. 분석결과 녹색건축인증은 항목 채택 시 추가 비용이 들어가는 항목 및 유지관리가 어려운 항목은 채택비율이 낮은 것으로 분석되었다. 또한, 에너지효율등급은 학교시설 특성상 비교적 단순한 형태와 일정한 규모로 계획되고 고효율기자재 사용비율이 높아 다른 용도의 건축물에 비해 높은 등급을 보였다. 그리고 에너지성능지표(EPI)의 경우 지역별로 부문별 취득 점수에 차이가 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 특히, 경기지역의 경우 타 부문 대비 건축부문에 대한 적용점수가 낮은 것으로 나타나 단열성능 강화 시 보다 높은 점수를 취득할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 3가지 기준에 대한 분석결과, 다수의 시설이 학교가 취득해야 하는 의무 획득 기준에만 맞춘 형식적인 계획으로 인해 건물별 특성을 고려하지 않고 기존 획득 항목에만 맞춰 최소한의 기준만 만족하여 계획하는 패턴을 보였다. 그러나 학교시설은 녹색건축물의 확대라는 목표와 더불어 학생들의 녹색교육을 위한 토대가 되어야 하는 의무를 지닌 상징적인 건축물이다. 따라서 시설의 특성을 파악하고 건축물을 기획하는 단계부터 다양하고 합리적인 평가항목 적용이 이루어지도록 고려한 계획이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

지르코니아 블록과 CAM 종류에 따른 코핑의 변연적합도와 기계적 특성 비교 (Comparison on marginal fitness and mechanical properties of copings with zirconia block and CAM type)

  • 정인성;전병욱;김원영;강재민
    • 대한치과기공학회지
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    • 제39권2호
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    • pp.75-82
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    • 2017
  • Purpose: This study provided the basic data for selection the zirconia block and CAM by means of marginal fitness observations, flexural strength test and hardness test. Methods: Three dental zirconia blocks(ABCera, NaturaZ, ST98) and two dental milling machines(CAD/CAM MS, DWX-50) were used in this study. Metal abutment(diameter 10 mm, height 5 mm, inclined angle $3^{\circ}$ taper, 1 mm chamfer margin) was fabricated by Ti customized abutment, and then zirconia copings were fabricated for each ten specimens. Silicone replica technique was used to observe the marginal fitness of cross-sections with a stereomicroscope at ${\times}50$ magnification. The dental zirconia blocks was cut into 10 pieces each having a size of $25mm{\times}5mm{\times}1mm$, and fabricated according to the manufacturer's instructions, and flexural strength was measured using a universal testing machine. For hardness test, a micro Vickers hardness tester was used as it was in the flexural strength test. Statistical analysis was performed by one way ANOVA and post-test was performed by Scheffe test. Results: For marginal fitness of bucco-lingual axial, ZU group($59.7{\pm}10.3{\mu}m$) was the lowest, followed by RA, ZA, ZD, RD, RU. For marginal fitness of mesio-distal axial, ZU group($59.3{\pm}10.2{\mu}m$) was the lowest, followed by RA, ZA, RD, ZD, RU. One-way ANOVA showed statistically significant difference between groups(p<0.05). For flexural strength, ABCera block($718.0{\pm}57.2MPa$) was the highest, followed by NaturaZ, ST98. For hardness, ABCera block($1550.3{\pm}19.8Hv$) was the highest, followed by ST98, NaturaZ. There was no significant difference in flexural strength and hardness between blocks(p>0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the type of dental zirconia block did influence the marginal fitness, and all dental zirconia blocks are expected to be suitable for clinical application. The highest flexural strength and hardness were ABCera block, and no statistically significant difference was observed.

복합레진 중합용 가시광선 광중합기의 적정 광강도 유지를 위한 임상적 고찰 (A CLINICAL STUDY ON THE MAINTENANCE OF LIGHT INTENSITY OF VISIBLE-LIGHT CURING MACHINES FOR THE POLYMERIZATION OF COMPOSITE RESINS)

  • 이동수;정태성;김신
    • 대한소아치과학회지
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    • 제28권3호
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    • pp.363-368
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    • 2001
  • 광중합형 복합레진은 일부 성분들이 강한 광학-전자기선에 노출됨으로써 경화된다. 최초의 제품들은 자외선을 이용하여 중합되었다. 초기의 이러한 제품들은 작업시간의 조절가능 기포 형성 감소, 색 안정성 향상으로 각광받았지만, 자외선의 위해 성과 얕은 중합깊이를 극복하지 못해 결국 가시광선 중합형으로 대체되었다. 가시광선 중합형 복합레진의 중합완성도는 단량체(monomer)에서 복합체(polymer)로의 변환율에 의해 결정된다. 결국 수복물의 성공여부는 조사된 가시광선의 중합능력과 밀접한 연관성을 갖는다. 이번 조사의 목적은 현재 임상(치과 병 의원)에서 사용되고 있는 광중합기의 광도를 여러 연구를 통하여 그 신뢰성이 입증된 digital radiometer를 이용해 평가하고, 3가지 기본부품의 결함을 검증해서 임상가들에게 유익한 정보를 주기 위함이다. 조사 결과, 조사 대상 광중합기 중 17.8%가 적절한 중합에 부적절한 상태에 있으며, 46.6%가 광 조사시간을 연장할 필요가 있는 것으로 드러나, 광조사기의 절반 이상이 수복물의 성공적인 중합을 위해서는, 중합시간의 연장을 필요로 하거나, 기계적 결함으로 점검을 필요로 하는 상태에 있었다. 이번 조사로, 현재 치과 병, 의원에서 사용중인 광조사기의 부품성능과 그 관리에 문제가 있음을 알 수 있다. 이러한 결과는, 최근에 이루어진 외국의 조사에서와 유사하였다. 광조사기를 이용한 수복치료의 성공과, 구입당시 수준의 적절한 품질(quality)을 유지하기 위해서는, 광조사기 관리와 부품 교체에 대한 임상가들의 이해가 필요할 것으로 보인다.

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Shoes from Pinet to the Present

  • June, Swann
    • 한국복식학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국복식학회 2001년도 19th International Costume Association Congress
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    • pp.11-13
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    • 2001
  • For those unfamiliar with the shoe world, Pinet (1817-1897) was a contemporary of Worth, the great Parisian couturier. So I look at the glamour shoes and the world of haute couture, and indeed the development of the named designer. That is a concept we are all familiar with now. So it is not easy to comprehend the lack of names for the exquisite work before 1850. Straightway I have to say that the number of noted shoe designers is far fewer than famous dress designers, but I will introduce you to some of them, against the background of contemporary shoe fashions. Franc;ois Pinet was born in the provinces (probably Touraine) in 1817, two years after the end of the Napoleonic Wars. His father, an ex-soldier, settled to shoemaking, a comparatively clean and quiet trade. It had a tradition of literacy, interest in politics, and was known as the gentle craft, which attracted intelligent people. We should presume father would be helped by the family. It was usual for a child to begin by the age of 5-6, tying knots, sweeping up, running errands and gradually learning the job. His mother died 1827, and father 1830 when he was 13, and at the time when exports of French shoes were flooding world markets. He went to live with a master shoemaker, was not well treated, and three years later set out on the tour-de- France. He worked with masters in Tours and Nantes, where he was received as Compagnon Cordonnier Bottier du Devoir as Tourangeau-Ia rose dAmour (a name to prove most appropriate). He went on to Bordeaux, where at 19 he became president of the local branch. In 1841 he went to Paris, and in 1848, revolution year, as delegate for his corporation, he managed to persuade them not to go on strike. By now the shoemakers either ran or worked for huge warehouses, and boots had replaced shoes as the main fashion. In 1855 Pinet at the age of 38 set up his own factory, as the first machines (for sewing just the uppers) were appearing. In 1863 he moved to new ateliers and shop at Rue ParadisPoissoniere 44, employing 120 people on the premises and 700 outworkers. The English Womans Domestic Magazine in 1867 records changes in the boots: the soles are now wider, so that it is no longer necessary to walk on the uppers. There is interest in eastern Europe, the Polonaise boots with rosette of cord and tassels and Bottines Hongroises withtwo rows of buttons, much ornamented. It comments on short dresses, and recommends that the chaussure should correspond to the rest of the toilet. This could already be seen in Pinets boots: tassels and superb flower embroidery on the higher bootleg, which he showed in the Paris Exposition that year. I think his more slender and elegant Pinet heel was also patented then or 1868. I found little evidence for colour-matching: an English fashion plate of 1860 shows emerald green boots with a violetcoloured dress.

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애니메이션과 기계: 감정 표현 로봇과 인간과의 상호작용 연구 (Animation and Machines: designing expressive robot-human interactions)

  • 장 파울로 스클리터
    • 만화애니메이션 연구
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    • 통권49호
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    • pp.677-696
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    • 2017
  • 만화와 종국적으로 애니메이션은 환상적 시나리오 시각화의 효과적인 방법이다. 본고 에서는 어떻게 애니메이션이 미래 현재(변모되어가고 있는 인공두뇌, 매개 사회) 아주 흔한, 그리고 필수불가결한 부분을 차지하게 되었는지 알아볼 것이다. 따라서 애니메이션은 인터페이스이거나 혹은 대변자로서 일시적 형태의 대상인 인간과 현실의 담화형태가 된다. 애니메이션 혹은 특히 애니메이트된 필름은 보통 단편, 실사영화, 픽션이나 논픽션의 캐릭터와 연결되어있다. 하지만 애니메이션은 전통적 영화 형식과 언어와는 거리가 있고 같은 이유로 디자인과 커뮤니케이션 역시 다른 영역으로 구분된다. 하지만 $Vil{\acute{e}}m$ Flusser에 따르면 그렇지 않다. 같은 전제가 네트워크 문화 속 애니메이션에 적용된다. 애니메이션은 디자인 과정과 제작에 본질(모션 그래픽이나 인터페이스 디자인 그리고 3D 영상작업 등)로 자리한다. 비디오 게임, VR, map 기반 app과 소셜 네트워크 등은 확장된 우주인 우리의 네트워크 기반 문화에 자리하는 것으로 여겨진다. 이러한 것들은 애니메이션과 연결성이 증대된(세계공통어가 디지털 환경 속 멀티-컬처 상호작용에 적용된 것처럼) 디자인 제품과 미디어 훈련이다. 이러한 감각에서 애니메이션은 담론화 되었으며 같은 방법으로 Roland Barthes는 담화 형식의 신화를 묘사한다. 디자인 도구로서의 애니메이션 역할을 탐구하는 목적으로, 제안된 연구는 애니메이션을 사용하여 트렌스 미디어 창작의 이미지 전략을 네러티브와 유저 인터페이스 측면에서 발전시키고자 하는 것이다.

치과위생사의 수행업무의 중요성·업무에 대한 교육훈련의 필요도와 만족도 조사연구 (Importance of Job Tasks, Job Training Requirement and Work Satisfaction felt by Dental Hygienists)

  • 강용주
    • 한국치위생학회지
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    • 제5권1호
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    • pp.1-13
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    • 2005
  • The study aimed to estimate the importance of job tasks, job training requirement and work satisfaction felt by dental hygienists to help dental hygienists work efficiently and effectively. A total of 142 dental hygienists working in dental hospitals located in J participated in the study. A SPSS 10.10 for Windows was used for statistical analysis. The statistical significance was defined as ${\alpha}$=.05. The results of the study are summarized as follows: 1. The mean score for the importance of job tasks was 4.09. The respondents considered dental clinic management and assistance to dentists the most important among their job descriptions showing the mean score of 4.44. The need for job training was 4.15 in average. The respondents wanted to have training on how to make a dental health insurance claim to receive payment other than any training with the mean score of 4.42. The work satisfaction of the respondents was 3.65 in average. The respondents were most satisfied with their work in dental assistance. 2. By the category of job tasks, the levels of importance of job tasks, job training requirement and work satisfaction were higher in plague removal with an ultrasonic scaler related to clinical oral prophylaxis, pit and fissure sealants related to preventive dental treatment and instruction in the correct usage of toothbrush related to public dental health education 3. In dealing with dental radiation machines, the radiation protection was considered the most important. While the training for periapical radiography was most needed, the respondents were satisfied with working in the same area. The levels of job importance, training requirement and work satisfaction were high in preventive dental care in the community performed in relation to the public dental health care. 4. In the dental health insurance claim category, the levels of importance of job task, training requirement and work satisfaction were higher in insurance claiming. The levels of job importance and training requirement were high in dental clinic management and assistance to dentists performed for preventive dental treatment. The work satisfaction was higher in maintaining medical chart records. The levels of job importance, training requirement and work satisfaction were higher in dental assistance in relation to dental protection. 5. There was significant relationship between the level of importance and work experience. Those with a longer period of work experience had higher levels of job importance in dental health insurance claim, dental clinic management and assistance to dentists and the overall task(pE0.05). 6. A significant relationship was observed between the need for job training in dental cleaning and preventive dental treatment and work experience. Those with more than 8 years of work experience demonstrated that job training is most needed(pE0.05). 7. The work satisfaction level was higher in the group with more than 8 years of work experience, compared with those in other work experience periods(pE0.05). 8. A positive correlation was seen between the level of importance and the need for job training among three variables.

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인삼재배 분야의 과거 20년 연구 (Research on Ginseng Production During the Past 20 years)

  • 밝훈
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • 제20권4호
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    • pp.472-500
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    • 1996
  • Researches on mineral nutrition, physiology and phyrsiological diseases, . cultivaction methods. brceding. pest control quality management and extension during 1976-1995 in Korea were reviewed Review in brceding and pest control was restricted to the researches directely related to cultivaction. Mineral nulrient up take. partion and varicos factors such as top dreasing. Light intersity etc. and interrelationship between minerals were investigated. Top dressing was not effective due to low minera1 requorement Physiological characteristics on tempelature light and water were well elucidated and applied to assess traditional cultivation method and its inovation. Photosyrnthetic pigments. light harvest proteins and activity of related enzymes were studied. In nitrogen metabolism arginine, praline, ammonium, threonine appeared to have important role in re growth of shoot Saponin metabolism was studied in relation to growth and new ginsenosides were found but physiological role of saponin was not clearly elucidated yet Endogenous growth regulators were reported and various erogenous growth regulators were studied for growth stimulation. short stem and seed pruning etc. Various physiological diseases were investigated for cause and control measures were established. Water culture was little studied Forest culture was studied but not retched the recommendable stage Drip irrigation straw mulching. seasonal shading and soil preparation method including soil fertility adjustment were established for practical application. Shading materials completely changed to polyethylene net and materials of polymers The research on ginseng cultivation in paddy field opened the way to establish the permanent ginseng cultivation plantation Ginseng harvester and seeder were developed in the late 1950s. Transplanted and many other machines were developed in the early 1990s. In ginseng breeding only pure line selection was of practical significance several verities were at the stage of seed propagation at ginseng plantations. Mutation breeding (${\gamma}$-ray. X-ray chemicals) was not successful. The research on plantlet formation through tissue culture was a little progressed but still far behind to vegetative propagation. Disease control research was concentrated in the isolation and identification of pathogans. their ecological charactelistics and biological control and soil humigation. Potato root rot nematodes was found and control method was established. Insect and small animal control research was greatly progresses in identification, ecological investigation, and ecological and physical control. Weed control was less important due to the development of mulching method of ridge and ditch. Quality factors of raw ginseng in relation to red ginseng process were extensively studied. Traditional quality measures were elucidated in accordance with modern analytical chemistry resulting in the importance of peptides in the centrat part rather than ginsenosides For large root production growth promoting rootzone micrcorganisms (PGPRM) were isolated and active compounds were identified. Field test on PGPRM was on going. Varictus methods formality improvement through cultivation were developed. Management research of ginseng production was rare Extension was active throuch official and private organizations and through workshop for the extension specialists, and direct lectures to grower's. Extension services made the researcher to understand the existing problems at grower's fields. Research environment for ginseng production was in prime time only for three years when Korea Ginseng Research Institute was established then gradually aggravated.

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레토르트 삼계탕의 F0값 수준에 따른 품질 차이 (Quality differences of retorted Samgyetangs as affected by F0-value levels)

  • 이진호;송기창;이근택
    • 한국식품저장유통학회지
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    • 제23권6호
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    • pp.848-858
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    • 2016
  • 국내 삼계탕 제조업체에서의 스팀식 레토르트기내 위치별 $F_0$ 분포를 조사하고 이에 따라 시료를 3가지 $F_0$값(10~20, 20~30, 및 >30) 수준으로 구분하여, 처리구별 품질 차이를 확인하였다. $F_0$값의 수준이 높아질수록 삼계탕 가슴부위육의 육수에서의 무기질 함량, 육의 $L^*$$b^*$ 값, 죽과 육에서의 소화율 및 육수의 탁도는 증가하는 경향을 보였고, 육에서의 유리 아미노산 함량과 가슴살과 뼈의 경도는 오히려 유의적으로 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 전자코로 측정된 육수와 가슴살의 향기 패턴은 시료에 따라 큰 차이를 나타냈다. 관능학적 평가 결과 높은 $F_0$값으로 처리할수록 색, 이취, 조직감 및 향미 등 모든 지표 값이 낮아지는 경향이 확인되었는데, 특히 T3 시료의 색과 조직감은 T1과 T2시료에서보다 확실히 열등하게 평가되었다. 따라서 삼계탕의 품질 열화를 줄이기 위해서는 가능한 한 최소한의 $F_0$값 처리가 요구되며, 이를 위해서는 레토르트기의 우수한 성능과 효율성이 보장되고 이와 관련한 각 공장에 적합한 살균기술의 표준화가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.