• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.91-97
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• 2018

The evolutionally conserved TREX complex member, Yra1/ALY, belongs to the REF (RNA and export factor binding proteins) family of hnRNP-like proteins, which has been implicated in multiple processes including transcription, nuclear RNA stability, and mRNA export. Fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, genome encodes two members of REF proteins. In addition to Mlo3 known previously as an mRNA export factor, there is the other REF protein, Tho4, which is predicted as a component of THO complex. Here we showed that deletion of tho4 (SPBC106.12c) gene does not inhibit both growth and nuclear mRNA export. However, overexpression of tho4 displays growth retardation and slight accumulation of $poly(A)^+$ RNA in the nucleus. Neither ${\Delta}tho4$ ${\Delta}mlo3$ nor ${\Delta}tho4$ ${\Delta}mex67$ double mutants exhibit additive growth defect. Moreover, yeast two-hybrid and co-immunoprecipitation analysis did not show that the Tho4 protein interacted with any members of TREX complex and mRNA export factor Rae1. Contrary to expectation, these observations support that the S. pombe Tho4 is not a component of TREX complex, and not directly involved in bulk mRNA export from the nucleus.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.401-404
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• 2010

Tho1 is a RNA-binding protein that assembles co-transcriptionally onto the nascent mRNA and is thought to be involved in mRNP biogenesis and mature mRNA export to cytoplasm in budding yeast. In fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, a homologue of THO1 (spTho1) was identified based on sequence alignment. A deletion mutant in a diploid strain was constructed by replacing one of spTho1-coding region with an ura4+ gene using one-step gene disruption method. Tetrad analysis showed that the spTho1 was not essential for growth. The spTho1 mutant did not show any defects of bulk mRNA export. However, over-expression of spTho1 from strong nmt1 promoter caused the growth defects and accumulation of poly(A)$^+$ RNA in the nucleus. These results suggest that spTho1 is involved in mRNA export from the nucleus to cytoplasm though it is not essential.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.181-185
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• 2015

Tho2/THOC2 is a subunit of the THO complex that plays important roles in mRNP biogenesis connecting transcription with mRNA maturation and export. A fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, ortholog of Tho2/THOC2 was identified from the genome database. Tetrad analysis showed that the S. pombe tho2 is essential for growth. Repression or overexpression of the tho2 gene caused growth defect with elongated cells, abnormal DNA distribution, and accumulation of $poly(A)^+$ RNA in the nucleus. And the functional GFP-Tho2 protein is localized mainly in the nucleus. Yeast two-hybrid analysis showed that Tho2 interacted with Tex1, another subunit of THO complex. These results suggest that S. pombe Tho2 is also involved in mRNA export from the nucleus and is a component of THO complex.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.435-439
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• 2015

THO/TREX complex plays an important role in transcriptional elongation, mRNA processing, nuclear RNA export, and genome stability. A fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, SPBC577.04 gene encoding the ortholog of THOC5, a component of THO/TREX complex, was identified and characterized. The S. pombe thoc5 (spthoc5) is not essential for both growth and mRNA export, but deletion of the spthoc5 gene caused growth defect and slight accumulation of $poly(A)^+$ RNA in the nucleus. And the functional spThoc5-GFP protein is localized mainly in the nucleus. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis showed that the Hpr1(THOC1) protein, an evolutionally well-conserved component of THO/TREX complex, interacted with spThoc5 as well as Tho2(THOC2), another subunit of THO complex. These results suggest that S. pombe Thoc5 as a component of THO/TREX complex is also involved in mRNA export from the nucleus.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.121-129
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• 2022

This study intends to analyze the impact of the country of origin on the intention to ingest COVID-19 vaccinations by measuring Vietnamese people's perceptions of India in the manufacture of COVID-19 vaccines. The research is done using a quantitative method, and primary data was obtained using a conventional manner based on the willingness of the research respondents, who are Vietnamese persons aged 18 and up, to contribute information. The findings revealed that perceived brand association and perceived brand quality directly positively impact the COVID-19 vaccine's consumption intention and willingness. Meanwhile, while the perceived country image component has no direct effect on consumption intention, it does have a positive indirect effect on consumption intention through perceived brand linkage and perceived brand quality. The findings also emphasize the importance and significance of a country's image in brand association and quality perception. The study's findings imply that to increase consumers' willingness to buy India's COVID-19 vaccination, the country should develop communication initiatives to improve consumer perceptions of the country's image, the perceived value of the brand association, and brand quality.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.292-296
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• 2017

In eukaryote, THO/TREX complex plays a critical role in transcriptional elongation, pre-mRNA processing, and nuclear mRNA export. This complex is evolutionally well- conserved, but there are some differences in composition and function according to organisms. Here we showed that spTex1, a component of THO/TREX complex, is not essential for growth and mRNA export in a fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, which is more similar to higher eukaryote than budding yeast. Deletion and overexpression of the spTex1 gene do not lead to any detectable growth phenotype and accumulation of poly(A)+ RNA in the nucleus. And the spTex1-GFP protein is localized mainly in the nucleus. Yeast two-hybrid and Co-immunoprecipitation analysis showed that the spTex1 protein interacted with spHpr1 (THOC1) and spTho2 (THOC2), main subunits of THO complex. We conclude that the S. pombe Tex1 is a component of THO/TREX complex, but does not plays important roles in growth and bulk mRNA export from the nucleus.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.128-132
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• 1983

The self-diffusion experiment of water was performed across two series of tactic poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate), P(HEMA) membranes prepared by crosslinking with various amount of hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDIC). The tagging material was tritium hydroxide (THO) and the efflux of THO was counted on a Liquid Scintillation Counter. The transport data of THO show that the permeability decreases as the amount of HMDIC increased from 2.5 to 10 mole % and the self-diffusions coefficient shows a parallel trend with it. The diffusivity data was discussed in terms of the change of water structural orderliness within membranes. Using the relation between viscosities and diffusivities derived from Eyring's absolute rate theory, the corresponding viscosities of water within two series of tactic P(HEMA) membranes were obtained. From this, it is seen that the viscosity of water within tactic P(HEMA) membranes may have the same values with those of supercooling water whose temperature ranges from -28 to -$36^{\circ}C.$.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.333-343
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• 2022

The UN's 17 Sustainable Development Goals (2018) were created to address environmental pollution and climate change (SDGs). The goal of this study is to find out how well-informed Vietnamese students are about the SDGs. Knowledge, attitudes, and practice (KAP) questionnaires were used to survey 1,010 students across Vietnam's universities, and the data was analyzed using SPSS software version 20. The findings suggest that both knowledge and attitude have a positive impact on the practice level. However, when comparing the correlation between the variables and the level of practice, advantage belongs to the relationship between the attitude and the level of practice (r = 0.982^**, n = 1010, p = 0.00), the correlation between knowledge and practice level is weaker (r = 0.616^**, n = 1010, p = 0.00). Statistical data also show that many Vietnamese students do not have access to information about the SDGs. The majority of the target population who have been contacted and have a basic understanding of the SDGs have done so through their academic degree. From there, it is clear that education is the most effective strategy for Vietnamese students to modify their environmental understanding and actions.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.357-366
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• 2022

Many factors influence brand trust, including manufacturer prestige, product value and quality, country of origin, media marketing, experience, and brand relationship. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of the nation of origin on brand trust, using Vietnam as a case study for India's COVID-19 vaccine. A total of 407 Vietnamese people aged 18 and up participated in the survey. The findings of the study show that the nation of origin has a significant impact on brand trust. Specifically, the perceived country image has a negative effect on brand trust, the other two components of the country of origin are perceived value and perceived quality of product have a positive impact on brand trust in India's COVID-19 vaccine. Research results show that if the perceived country image of the country of production is perceived negatively, then there will be a negative impact on brand trust. According to research findings, people in Vietnam who are 30 years old or older, have steady occupations, know about India, have used Indian products in the past, and have strong brand trust in India's COVID-19 vaccinations. India needs to boost its country's image and develop communication to increase brand trust in Vietnam.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.389-402
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• 2022

The purpose of the study is to analyze the significant impacts of expectations, performance, complaints, and fairness that affect consumer satisfaction. The methodology involves reviewing and referencing relevant literature carefully, then proposing a model for customer satisfaction. This study is empirically based on a survey with 50 respondents who work in the field of import and export in the region stretching from the north to the south of Vietnam. The sampling method used in this study is the in-depth interview method. The results show that: (1) expectation has a specific impact on customer satisfaction, (2) performance has a positive impact on customer satisfaction, and (3) complaint which is an intermediary factor between expectation, performance, and fairness has an impact on satisfaction, (4) fairness has a positive effect on satisfaction, in addition, fairness is an extremely important feature when customers choose an import-export service. Research implies that increasing expectations, performance, and fairness results in an improved customer experience and satisfaction when they use the service. It is suggested that the complaint factor continue to be studied and looked into because it still has some effect on satisfaction and is an intermediate variable that changes how the other factors relate to each other.