• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.437-444
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• 2007

이 연구는 거친 입자와 미세한 입자의 다이아몬드 포인트로 형성한 5급 와동에서 서로 다른 2단계 접착시스템 사용시 법랑질과 상아질 변연에서의 미세누출 차이를 상호 비교하기 위하여 시행하였다. 40개의 발거한 대구치의 협면 치경부에 각각 $106-205\;{\mu}m$의 거친 다이아몬드 포인트 (EX-41)와 $53-63\;{\mu}m$의 미세한 다이아몬드 포인트 (TF-21F)를 이용하여 20개씩 5급 와동을 형성한 후 사용된 접착시스템과 복합레진에 따라 다음과 같이 4개의 군으로 분류하였다; 1군은 EX-41 포인트로 형성한 와동에 Single Bond와 Z 250을 사용한 군, 2군은 TF-21F 포인트로 형성한 와동에 Single Bond와 Z 250을 사용한 군, 3군은 EX-41 포인트로 형성한 와동에 Clearfil SE Bond와 Clearfil AP-X를 사용한 군, 4군은 TF-21F 포인트로 형성한 와동에 Clearfil SE Bond와 Clearfil AP-X를 사용한 군으로 분류하였다. 각 군은 $5^{\circ}C$와 $55^{\circ}C$의 증류수에서 500회 열 순환한 후 2% methylene blue용액에 1일 동안 침적하였다. 각 군의 치아를 협설로 절단하여 광학 입체현미경 하에서 법랑질과 상아질 변연에서의 색소침투 정도를 관찰하여 미세누출 점수를 평가하고, 각 군 간의 유의성을 검정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 이 연구를 종합하면, 5급 와동에서 Single Bond는 이 연구에 사용한 다이아몬드 포인트의 종류에 따른 변연 미세누출 차이를 보이지 않았으나 Clearfil SE Bond는 거친 다이아몬드 포인트 보다는 미세한 다이아몬드 포인트를 사용하는 것이 법랑질과 상아질 변연 모두에서 낮은 미세누출을 보였다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.179-193
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• 2001

previous studies have demonstrated an increase in bone mass and density with use of bisphosphonate in osteoporosis. This agent acts as an inhibitor of osteoclastic activity and results in increase of net osteoblastic activity. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of the bisphosphonate on osteoblastic activity of the human periodontal ligament cells in vitro. Periodontal ligament cells were primarily obtained from extracted healthy third molars. Cells of 4th to 6th passage were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium containing alendronate sodium or etidronate disodium at the concentration of $10^{-12}{\sim}10^{-6}mol/L$ in 5% $Co_2$ incubator at $37^{\circ}C$. Cell count and MTT assay for cellular activity were done at 2 to 7 days of culture. Alkaline phosphatase activity at 4 to 7 days of culture and formation of mineralized nodules at 28 days of culture with addition of $50{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ ascorbic acid, 10 nM${\beta}-glycerophosphate$, $10^{-7}M$ dexamethasone were evaluated. 1. Alendronate sodium Compared to the control, the proliferation of periodontal ligament cells was generally increased and the cellular activity was maintained at 2 days of culture and generally decreased at 7 days of culture. Alkaline phosphatase activity of periodontal ligament cells was inceased and the formation of mineralized nodules by periodontal ligament cells was enhanced compared to the control. 2. Etidronate disodium The proliferation of periodontal ligament cells was increased at 2 days of culture and decreased or maintained at 7 days of culture. Compared to the control, the cellular activity of periodontal ligament cells was generally decreased. Alkaline phosphatase activity of peridontal ligament cells was increased and the formation of mineralized nodules by periodontal ligament cells was enhanced compared to the control. These results suggest that alendronate sodium and etidronate disodium may have a potential effect on osteoblastic lineage of periodontal ligament cells, distinct from their inhibitory action on osteoclasts and could contribute to enhance periodontal regeneration and alveolar bone regeneration.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.679-700
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• 1996

Inferior alveolar nerve dysfunction may be the result of trauma, disease, or iatrogenic injury. Inferior alveolar nerve injury is inherent risk in endodontic therapy, orthognathic surgery of the mandible, and extraction of mandibular teeth, particularly the third molars. The sensory disturbances of inferior alveolar nerve associated with such injury have been well documented clinical problem that is commonly evaluated by several clinical sensory test including Tinels sign, Von Frey test(static light touch detection), directional discrimination, two-point discrimination, pin pressure nociceptive discrimination, and thermal test. These methods used to detect and assess inferior alveolar nerve injury have been subjective in nature, relying on the cooperation of the patients. In addition, many of these techniques are sensitive to differences in the examiners experience and skill with the particular technique. Data obtained at different times or by different examiners are therefore difficult to compare. Prior experimental studies have used electro diagnostic methods(sensory evoked potential) to objectively evaluate inferior alveolar nerve after nerve injury. This study was designed with inferior alveolar nerve of rabbit. Several types of injury including mind, moderate, severe compression and perforation with 19 gauze, 21 gauze needle and 6mm, 10mm traction were applied for taking the sesory evoked ppterntial. Latency and amplitude of injury rabbit inferior alveolar nerve were investigated with sensory evoked potential using unpaired t-test. The results were as follows : 1. Intensity of threshold (T1) was $128{\pm}16{\mu}A$ : latency, $0.87{\pm}0.07$ microsecond : amplitude, $0.4{\pm}0.1{\mu}V$ : conduction velocity, 23.3 m/s in sensory evoked potential of uninjured rabbit inferior alveolar nerve. 2. Rabbit inferior alveolar nerve consists of type II and III sensory nerve fiber. 3. Latency was increased and amplitude was decreased in compression injury. The more injured, the more changed in latency and amplitude. 4. Findings in perforation injury was similar to compression injury. Waveform for sensory evoked potential improved by increasing postinjured time. 5. Increasing latency was prominent in traction injury rabbit inferior alveolar nerve. 6. In microscopic histopathological findings, significant degeneration and disorganization of the internal architecture were seen in nerve facicle of severe compression and 10mm traction group. From the above findings, electrophysiological assessment(sensory evoked potential) of rabbit injured inferior alveolar nerve is reliable technique in diagnosis and prognosis of nerve injury.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.46-53
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• 2001

The prevalence of supernumerary teeth is between $1{\sim}3%$. Of these, $90{\sim}98%$ occur in the maxilla with particular predilection for the premaxilla, preceded by mandibular third premolars, mandibular forth molars and maxillary paramolars. The most common ones occur in the maxillary anterior region, they may occur singly between the central incisors(mesiodens), or they may be double(mesiodentes). Maxillary anterior supernumeraries may erupt into the oral cavity or remain unerupted. It is found that approximately 25% are erupted, while the rest are unerupted. They are usually a small tooth with a cone-shaped crown and a short root. They may cause delayed eruption, median diastema, bodily displacement or rotation of the adjacent permanent teeth. Occasionally they may lead to the developement of dentigerous cyst or primordial cyst, or eruption into nasal cavity. In this study, 109 supernumeraries surgically extracted from premaxilla in 84 patients are analysed. The results are as follows : 1. Sex distribution of male and female is 2.2 : 1. 2. Almost cases are in pediatric age from 5 to 12 years old (87%). 3. Problems with supernumeraries are tooth malpositon, diastema, delayed eruption, eruption to nasal cavity and cyst formation. 4. Of 109 supernumeraries, 16(15%) are erupted into oral cavity, 92(84%) are impacted, and 1(1%) is erupted into nasal cavity. 5. Of 84 patients, 59(70%) have one supernumeray while 25(30%) have two supernumeraries. 6. Of 109 supernumeraries, 96(88%) are found within the region of the central incisors. 7. Of 109 supernumeraries, 94(86%) are vertically impacted, 11(10%) are horizontally impacted, 3(3%) are labiopalatally impacted and 1(1%) is impacted in nasal cavity. 8. Of 84 patients, we used palatal flap in 67(80%), labial flap in 6(7%), both flaps in 4(5%) and no flap in 7(8%). And incisive nerve was cut in 33(49%) of 67 palatal flaps. 9. Extration with ostectomy was done in 72 supernumeraries(66%), without ostectomy in 37 teeth(34%). 10. Extraction with tooth sectioning was done in 21 supernumeraries(19%), without tooth sectioning was done in 88 teeth(81%). 11. We used local anesthesia in 70 patients(83%) and general anesthesia in 14 ones(17%).

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.143-149
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• 2004

Background: Some clinical trials have reported that a new analgesic combination of tramadol and acetaminophen provides good efficacy in various pain models. For the more clinical uses of this agent, comparisons about the onset of analgesia and analgesic efficacy in the acute state of pain with the other drugs known as strong analgesics were needed. Purpose: The goal of this study was to compare the times to onset of analgesia and the other analgesic efficacy of 75 mg tramadol/650 mg acetaminophen and 20 mg codeine/500 mg acetaminophen/400 mg ibuprofen in the treatment of acute pain after oral surgery. Patients and Methods: Using a randomized, single-dose, parallel-group, single-center, and active-controlled test design, this clinical study compared the times to onset of analgesia using a two-stopwatch technique and the other analgesic efficacy of the single-dose tramadol/acetaminophen and codeine/acetaminophen/ibuprofen. These were assessed in 128 healthy subjects with pain from oral surgical procedures involving extraction of one or more impacted third molars requiring bone removal. From the time of pain development, the times to onset of perceptible and meaningful pain relief, pain intensity, pain relief, an overall assessment, and adverse events of the study medications were recorded for 6 hours. Results: The demographic distribution and baseline pain data in the two groups were statistically similar. The median times to onset of perceptible pain relief were 21.0 and 24.4 minutes in the tramadol/acetaminophen and codeine/acetaminophen/ibuprofen groups respectively and those to onset of meaningful pain relief were 56.4 and 57.3 minutes, which were statistically similar. The other efficacy variables such as mean total pain relief (TOTPAR) and the sum of pain intensity differences (SPID) were also similar in the early period after pain development and drug dosing. The safety of tramadol/acetaminophen was well tolerated and very comparable to that of codeine/acetaminophen/ibuprofen. Conclusions: In this acute dental pain model, the onset of analgesia and analgesic efficacy of tramadol/acetaminophen was comparable to that of codeine/acetaminophen/ibuprofen. These results showed that tramadol/acetaminophen was recommendable for fast and effective treatment in the management of postoperative acute pain.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.272-279
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• 2017

이 연구의 목적은 2종의 친수성 치면열구전색제를 건조한 법랑질과 습한 법랑질에 적용하였을 때의 미세누출과 열구 침투도를 평가하는 것으로, 기존의 소수성 전색제인 $Clinpro^{TM}$와 비교하였다. 건전하고 우식이 없는 제3대구치 60개를 법랑질 수분 처리 방법과 전색제 종류에 따라 12개씩 다섯 군으로 나누었다. 전색제 적용 후 치아들을 열순환 시킨 뒤 1% 메틸렌블루 용액에 담갔다. 그리고 치아들을 두 번씩 절단한 뒤 절단면들을 광학 현미경과 이미지 분석 프로그램을 이용해 관찰하였다. Embrace $Wetbond^{TM}$는 건조한 표면과 습한 표면 모두에서 $Clinpro^{TM}$보다 많은 미세누출을 나타냈다. Ultraseal $XT^{(R)}$ $hydro^{TM}$는 건조한 표면에서는 $Clinpro^{TM}$와 유사한 미세누출을 보였으나, 습한 표면에서는 많은 미세누출을 보였다. 열구 침투도는 모든 군에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결론적으로 친수성 전색제들을 습한 법랑질에 적용했을 때 변연 봉쇄성이 향상되지 않았으며, 건조한 표면에 적용한 $Clinpro^{TM}$보다 낮은 변연 봉쇄성이 관찰되었다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.352-362
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• 2017

Purpose: Furcation involvement in the molars is difficult to treat, and has been recognized as a risk factor for tooth loss. Although periodontal regenerative therapies, including guided tissue regeneration and various types of bone grafts, have been applied to furcation defects, the effects of these treatments are limited, especially in large class III furcation defects. The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the effect of reciprocal autologous root transplantation on periodontal wound healing and regeneration in class III furcation defects in dogs. Methods: Furcation defects (7 mm wide and 6 mm high) were surgically created after root separation of the unilateral third and fourth premolars in 4 dogs. Eight furcation defects were randomized to receive either reciprocal autologous root transplantation (test) or no further treatment (control). In the test group, the mesial and distal roots were transplanted into the distal and mesial extraction sockets, respectively. The animals were sacrificed 10 weeks after surgery for histologic evaluation. Results: The healing pattern in the control group was characterized by extensive collapse of the flap and limited periodontal regeneration. New bone formation in the test group ($3.56{\pm}0.57mm$) was significantly greater than in the control group ($0.62{\pm}0.21mm$). Dense collagen fibers inserting into the residual cementum on the transplanted root surfaces were observed in the test group. Slight ankylosis was observed in 2 of the 4 specimens in the test group on the mesiodistal sides where the root-planed surfaces faced the existing bone. Root resorption (RR) was detected in both the control and test groups. Conclusions: Within the limits of this study, it can be concluded that reciprocal autologous root transplantation was effective for bone regeneration in class III furcation defects in dogs. However, further studies are required to standardize the approach in order to prevent unwanted RR prior to clinical application.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.238-244
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• 2003

본 연구는 치면열구전색재의 충전량이 미세누출에 미치는 영향을 비교분석할 목적으로 실시되었다. 6개의 군으로 나누어 각각 다른 충전량, 치면 전처리, 충전재를 적용하여 미세누출 양상을 비교하였다. 60개의 제 3대구치를 3개의 군으로 나누어 각 군당 20개씩 시편을 구성하였다. 각 치아는 교합면을 두 부분으로 나누어 한 부위는 충전재의 폭이 1mm이하가 되도록 충전하고(1, 3, 5군), 나머지 한 부위는 2mm이상 되도록 충전을 하였다(2, 4, 6군). 1, 2군은 산처리후 Helioseal F로 치면열구전색을 실시하였고, 3, 4군은 산처리후 상아질 접착제로 치면 전처리한 후 Helioseal F로, 5, 6군은 유동성 복합레진인 Tetric Flow로 치면 열구전색을 실시하였다. 500회의 열순환 및 색소침투 후, 미세누출도를 관찰하고 비교분석하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 동일한 충전폭을 적용하였을 경우, 미세누출도는 5군<3군<1군과 6군<4군<2군의 순으로 나타났으나 유의한 차이는 아니었다(p>0.05). 2. 동일한 재료와 치면처리를 하되, 충전폭만을 달리한 군들, 즉 1군과 크군, 3군과 4군, 5군과 6군간의 미세누출도에서는 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 3. 미세누출은 전색재의 물성, 상아질 접착제 전처리 여부 보다 전색재의 충전량에 더 많은 영향을 받았다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.404-411
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• 2012

치아의 매복은 맹출로 내의 물리적 장애물이나 치아의 비정상적 위치에 의해 발생한 치아 맹출의 정지로, 하악 제2대구치의 매복은 비교적 드물다. 매복된 하악 제2대구치는 우식, 치주염, 제1대구치 치근흡수 등을 유발하므로 조기 진단과 치료가 요구된다. 첫 번째 증례는 10세 남자 환자로 하악 양측 제2대구치의 매복을 구리선을 이용하여 치료하였다. 두 번째 증례는 12세 여자 환자로 구강검진 도중 하악 좌측 제2대구치의 매복이 발견되어 Humphrey 장치를 이용하여 치료하였다. 세 번째 증례는 17세 여자 환자로 하악 우측 소구치부에 식립한 미니 임플란트를 고정원으로 하는 uprighting spring을 이용하여 하악 우측 제2대구치의 매복을 치료하였다. 네 번째 증례는 18세 남자 환자로 매복된 하악 좌측 제2대구치에 부착한 교정용 버튼과 하악지에 식립한 미니 임플란트를 elastic thread로 연결하여 치료하였다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.335-341
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• 2013

매복된 상악 견치는 제 3대구치 다음으로 호발하는 매복치아로 정확한 원인은 알려져 있지 않으나 매복된 상악 견치로 인한 다양한 합병증이 나타날 수 있다. 이소맹출하는 상악 견치는 초기의 진단을 통하여 유견치의 조기 발거와 같은 차단 교정을 시행하는 경우 가장 좋은 예후를 보일 수 있으나 초기치료를 시행하지 못한 경우에는 수술적 노출과 교정적 치료를 고려할 수 있다. 또한 이소맹출하는 치아가 말기에 발견되어서 인접치아의 심한 흡수를 보인다면, 견치가 손상된 인접 치아를 대체할 수 있다. 본 증례들은 이소맹출과 치근흡수의 조기 진단을 통하여 치료되지 못한 증례로 이소맹출하는 견치를 사용하여 상악 절치의 대체사용이 대안으로 선택되었고, 현재까지 성공적인 결과를 보인다. 복합레진으로 수복된 견치는 지속적인 관찰을 통하여서 수복물을 평가할 예정이며, 추후 교정치료와 임플란트의 식립이 계획되어있다. 본 증례는 초기 처치가 이루어지지 않은 경우에 견치를 절치로 대체 사용하여 치근 흡수된 치아의 불확실한 예후를 피하고, 시간과 비용을 절감하여 심미적 만족을 얻을 수 있는 방법에 대하여 보고하고자 한다.