• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.124-134
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• 2015

This study aims to identify the characteristics of expression of place identity shown in public design of Choryang Ibagugil in Dong-gu, Busan and analyze them from physical aspects and from psychological ones. Choryang Ibagugil has special historicity indicating that it is a hillside road(Sanbokdoro) dwelling site created after the 6.25 Korean War and the quintessence of Busan. In addition, the site is a good example that used the topographic characteristics as they were and used the road for movement called as 'gil' to design public environment. Ibagugil connected to Sanbokdoro (i.e. Mangyang-ro) starting from the big road (Busan Station) where there was a large floating population represented the regional identity to public design by the medium of 'gil.' As a result of analyzing the characteristics of expression of place identity based on the current status discovered, our conclusions could be drawn as follows: First, place forms identity under interpersonal relationships and there is a story on the lives of people in the contexts between place and identity. Second, place identity is an independent specialty of a certain place and expression of place identity into public design makes the place more place-like. Ibagugil expressed its identity while adapting to the topographic characteristics of hillside road(Sanbokdoro). Third, adjacent public buildings were included into Ibagugil, thus highlighting the placeness, although it is considered that it is ambiguous to determine it as public design in the current-status analysis. Fourth, from the public value aspect, slumized hillside road(Sanbokdoro) was improved, which led to improvement in quality of environment and improvement in pride of local residents. Resultingly, it can be said that the place identity appeared in the public design of Choryang Ibagugil were the stories that happened in this place. Moreover, the indication of future image of how the place will be developed in the future makes the value of the place more significant. Therefore, in public design for expressing place identity, utilization of independent speciality of the site is considered to be an important factor. By doing so, 'place becomes a real place' and 'place can get an independent identity.' Going further, it comes to get the characteristics of 'being the place as it is.'

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.655-663
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• 2010

Today, the importance of environmental education is a matter we are all concerned about. The environment surrounding us, such as the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the soil plants grow in, is critical for our survival. Currently there is a lot of interest in environmental education at the elementary, middle, and high school levels. This is a result of the deep recognition of the importance of the environment. However the environmental education being conducted in schools is not yet at a satisfactory level. The practical issues, including an entrance exam-oriented atmosphere, student' and parents' lack of understanding, and teachers' lack of expertise in environmental education, interfere with the stability of environmental curriculum in the schools. Accordingly, we need to devise an alternative environmental curriculum due to the fact that it hasn't been included as a regular subject in the curriculum of many national schools. This study, carried out from April to December 2009, was an examination of the effect of volunteer work at the place of ecology experience on the environmental sensitivity & state-trait anxiety of the 61 Gifted Students. The students were divided into two groups. The test group consisted of 30 gifted students who did volunteer work at the place of ecology experience run by Ulsan Science High School, in Ulsan Metropolitan City. The control group consisted of the rest of the students. The following are the study results: First, the volunteer work at the place of ecology experience was influential in increasing the environmental sensitivity of the gifted students. Second, the volunteer work at the place of ecology experience was influential in decreasing the state anxiety of in gifted students. Third, the volunteer work at the place of ecology experience was influential in decreasing the trait anxiety of in gifted students. Fourth, the volunteer work at the place of ecology experience positively influenced not only the gifted students' view of environmental education, but also their overall character.

• Proceedings of the KGS Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.10-10
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• 2004

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.14 no.6 s.53
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• pp.193-201
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• 2005

In this study we analyzed and interpreted the phenomenologlcal characteristics and meanings of water space in religious architecture through field studies and phenomenologlcal approaches, focusing on the religious architecture Introducing water space in contemporary architecture. The phenomenological experience elements of the research ate light, time, place and context. As the results of this study, first, light as a phenomenological element not only induces a contrast and change between light and the shadow in architectural space and various changes of light in inner space, but also operates as an element which expresses building features outward with time. Second, time as a phenomenological perception experience makes us feel changes of the environment and physical properties and experience space visually and physically. The continuity of time shows the change of a day, night and daytime and seasons. Third, water space makes the sense of place more remarkable, connected closely with surrounding nature In outer space, and creates a new space. Fourth, water space is a contextual element which harmonizes with surrounding environment by connecting surrounding natural environment with architectural space. Fifth, water space in religious architecture is a symbolic and central element, and emphasizes the atmosphere of architectural space. In addition, it makes the people who experience water space perceive the place by triggering sensitive response.

• International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.7-24
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• 2011

This study aims to measure the impact of these two variables on consumers' 'click-through' rates (the number of users that click on the ad compared to the number of times the ad is delivered). The result is as follows. First, search ads play a critical role in drawing consumers to advertisers' websites. Once search ads are placed, the number of visitors increased tenfold. Secondly, when search ads are keyed to highly-involved words such as 'IDC', 'hosting' and 'co-location', click-through rates significantly fluctuate according to the type of advertising message. In this case, consumers respond much more positively to ads highlighting credibility and product quality than to ads with emphasis on sales and events. Thirdly, the placement of search ads also matters. The ad placed first in the search list overpowers ads in the third or fifth place in terms of click-through rates. However, there was no significant difference of click-through rates between ads in the third place and ads in fifth. Lastly, when estimating which variable plays the bigger role in bringing traffic to advertisers' websites, consumers are more receptive to the substance of the advertising message than to its placement, under the circumstances of high involvement.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.139-167
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• 2013

Mediation, which is part of ADR, is a method used to settle disputes amicably by employing a third party who is in a neutral position. Utilization and attention on meditation are increasing in place of litigation and arbitration owing to its effectiveness in terms of time, cost, and effectiveness in achieving an amicable settlement. As to Korea, mediation at the civil level was employed by the KCAB in July 2012 but its utilization was in ABC stage compared to mediation at the governmental and judicial levels. Based on this situation, this study reviewed the guideline and system of the KCAB through a comparison of the management system between the KCAB and AAA where mediation was in good use. This study further suggests solutions as to the development of an international commercial mediation system First, the KCAB rule is needed to create a mediation language, mediation place, mediator internationalization, and so on. Second, a system backup is necessary to ensure the enforceability and effectiveness of mediation. Third, a unified mediation law in Korea is desirable for the harmonization of mediations at civil, governmental, and judicial levels. The unified mediation law, if it is made, may lead to an international base where this requirement exists. Fourth, advertising the merits of mediation to the public is necessary. Fifth, securing specialized mediators and relevant training are essential. If the above requirements are implemented, Korea would advance in international commercial disputes.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.37
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• pp.80-87
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• 2003

Contemporary shops play an important role as a place to experience contemporary culture as well as sales and display techniques. This study is to suggest one of the prototypes of character streets consisting of characteristic shops through the analysis of the stores in the SoHo area in New York City. The study found that there are three kinds of characteristic shops preserving the cast-iron architectural environment in the SoHo area. In the first case, the interiors of the shops are partially renovated original lofts keeping decorative columns, white plaster walls and wooden floors. In the second case, the interiors are totally renovated leaving no old traces. This is achieved through wrapping columns and replacing old materials with new ones. In the third case, the interiors are renovated with the different approaches using mixed ideas and materials. The original columns exist but are transformed in this case. In the third case, shops tend to be extra large and complicated. The Prada shop in SoHo by Rem Koolaas is the best example of this case. This shop is the conceptual city, theater and avant-garde museum itself, that is, the place of experiencing contemporary culture.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.107-118
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• 2001

The aim of this paper is to grasp eutrophication aspects in Namhae coastal seas, statistically analyzing existing data for their surface seawater and bottom mud. A pollution level(ignition loess) of bottom mud, on the whole, trended to increase as moving the coastal sea around Mokpo-Wando toward the east(Gyeongnam Namhae coastal seas). Especially, the pollution level(ignition loss=10.5%) of bottom mud for the coastal sea around Tongyeong-Keoje-Gosung was similar to that(10.3%) for the coastal sea around Masan-Jinhae, whose coastal marine pollution was the severest in Namhae coastal seas. It indicates that large amounts of pollutant from aqualculture facilities have been, thus far, accumulated on the coastal sea around Tongyeong-Keoje-Gosung, considering there was no significant inflow of sewage and industrial wastewater into this coastal sea. A COD, T-N, and T-P level of surface seawater, on the whole trended to increase as moving the coastal sea around Mokpo-Wando toward the east(Gyeongnam Namhae coastal seas). A COD level appeared to be the second grade of coastal water quality over the entire year throughout all Namhae coastal seas A T-N level exceeded the third grade of coastal water quality throughout all Namhae coastal seas except the coastal sea around Mokpo-Wando. Especially, a T-N level exceeded as many as three and six times over the third grade of coastal water quality in the coastal sea around Tongyeong-Keoje-Gosung and Masan-Jinhae, respectively. A T-P level appeared to be the second grade of coastal water quality in the coastal sea around Mokpo-Wando and the third grade of coastal water quality in the coastal sea around Yosu-Narnhae and Tongyeong-Keoje-Gosung, while it exceeded as many as two times over the third grade of coastal water quality. A degree of eutrophication of the surface seawater was 1.5 in the coastal sea around Mokpo-Wando and 11.9 In the coastal sea around Tongyeong-Keoje-Gosung, gradually increasing as moving toward the east(Gyeongnam Narnhae coastal seas). It sharply increased to 146.1 in the coastal sea around Masan-Jinhae. Because the degree of eutrophication throughout all Namhae coastal seas exceeded 1, a red tide organism could pose a possibility of proliferation at any place of Namhae coastal seas if other requirements were satisfied. It indicates that a red tide may move to another place once a red tide breaks out at a place of Namhae coastal seas.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.407-421
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• 2020

In-place analysis for offshore platforms is essentially required to make proper design for new structures and true assessment for existing structures, in addition to the structural integrity of platforms components under the maximum and minimum operating loads when subjected to the environmental conditions. In-place analysis have been executed to check that the structural member with all appurtenance's robustness have the capability to support the applied loads in either storm or operating conditions. A nonlinear finite element analysis is adopted for the platform structure above the seabed and pile-soil interaction to estimate the in-place behavior of a typical fixed offshore platform. The SACS software is utilized to calculate the dynamic characteristics of the platform model and the response of platform joints then the stresses at selected members, as well as their nodal displacements. The directions of environmental loads and water depth variations have significant effects in the results of the in-place analysis behavior. The most of bending moment responses of the piles are in the first fourth of pile penetration depth from pile head level. The axial deformations of piles in all load combinations cases of all piles are inversely proportional with penetration depth. The largest values of axial soil reaction are shown at the pile tips levels (the maximum penetration level). The most of lateral soil reactions resultant are in the first third of pile penetration depth from pile head level and approximately vanished after that penetration. The influence of the soil-structure interaction on the response of the jacket foundation predicts that the flexible foundation model is necessary to estimate the force responses demands of the offshore platform with a piled jacket-support structure well.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.301-322
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• 2009

This paper is an attempt to explore semiotic representations of subway space as the urban machine space of local mobility in terms of space, time and place. For this, the second section of the paper reviews the contours of the urban space of mobility in terms of 'machine space', 'non-place' and 'cognitive map'. The third section interprets the sings of 'spatial' and 'temporal' representations of subway space in Daegu, and suggests the implications of the semiotic representations. It is uncovered that various sign-scapes which coexist in the subway space in coordinated or contradictory ways product the space into multiple and complex techno-social spaces. That is, the spatio-temporal representations of the subway space form the space of 'non-place' on the one hand and the space of 'place' on the other hand, and involve the spatialization of 'memory' on the one hand and the spatialization of 'forgetting' on the other hand. Thus, the subway space should be regarded to be not only the space of 'mobility' which people move in and through, but also the space of 'identity' which has effects on the ways for them to see the machine space and its urban space.