• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.24-28
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• 2002

Effect of pretreatment processing (peeling time, drying temperature, sample type) on the quality of hot air drying peony roots was investigated. Peony roots were peeled for 0, 10, 20, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minute in the peeling machine after water washing. Sample types were whole or cut (thickness of 3mm). Temperatures of hot air drying were 30, 40, 50 and $60^{\circ}C$ The level of water contents in dried sample was $14{\sim}15%$. Drying time was muth reduced as the peeling time, cutting sample types and higher temperature. Contents of paeoniflorin were maintained highest amount (3.48%) in the non-peeling cut sample dried at $30^{\circ}C$ and lowest amount (2.29%) in the 120min-peeling whole one dried at $60^{\circ}C$. Skin color of dried peony roots was heavily discolored in the sample of non-peeling whole type dried at $60^{\circ}C$ and the color was dark brown $({\Delta}E\;was\;46.1)$. When considering shortening of drying time, preservation of active compounds and maintenance of color, the best pretreatment method of drying in peony roots was non-peeling, cut type processing.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.53-62
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• 2012

The archival objects are tangible evidence related to the public service. They are unique and offer information representing the specific events, time or person. The archival objects as modern cultural heritage do not have the guideline to classify, manage and conserve them. Especially, it is difficult to apply general conservation process for burial artifacts, because there are few study example of conservation for metal archival objects and they have complex administrative value. We tried to find suitable material and application method for consolidation of copper alloy archival object. We choose three kinds of wax and acrylic resin for burial artifacts and had done comparative analysis of their characterizations following kinds and coating methods. As a result of evaluation by several surface analysis such as optical microscope, measuring film thickness, adhesive strength, contact angle and yellowing test, acrylic resin can use to archival objects of copper alloy, effectively but the method of heating after dip-coating with Wax B used before can get best effect of consolidation.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.327-336
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• 1996

This study was performed to investigate the effec% of immersion in water and thermal cycling on the mechanical peoperties of light cured restorative composite resins. Five commerically available light-cured composite resins(Photo Clearfil A : CA, Lite-Fil A . LF, Clearril Photo Posterior CP, Prisms AP.H.. PA, 2100 : ZH) were unto The specimens of 12 m in diameter and 0.7 m in thickness were made, and an immersion in $37^{\circ}C$ water for 7 days and a thermal cycling of 1000 cycles at 15 second dwell time each in $5^{\circ}C$ and $55^{\circ}C$ baths were performed. Biaxial flexure test was conducted using the ball-on-three-ball method at the crosshead speed of 0.5mm/min. In order to investigate the deterioration of composite resins during the thermal cycling test, Weibull analysis for the biaxial flexure strengths was done. Fracture surfaces and the surfaces before and after the thermal cycling test were examined by SEM. The highest Weibull modulus value of 10.09 after thermal cycling tests which means the lowest strength variation, was observed in the CP group, and the lowest value of 4.47 was obsered in the LF Group. Biaxial flexure strengths and Knoop hardness numbers significantly decreased due to the thermal cycling ($\textit{p}$< 0.01), however, they recovered when specimens were drie4 The highest biaxial flexure strength of 125.65MPa was observed in the ZH group after the thermal cycling test, and the lowest value of 64.86MPa was observed in the CA group. Biaxial flexure strengths of ZH and CP groups were higher than those of PA, CF, and CA groups after thermal cycling test($\textit{p}$< 0.05). Knoop hardness numbers of CP group after the thermal cycling test was the highest(95.47 $\pm$ 7.35kg/$mm^2$) among the samples, while that of CA group was the lowest(30.73 $\pm$ 2.58kg/$mm^2$). Knoop hardness numbers showed the significant differences between the CP group and others after the thermal cycling test(($\textit{p}$< 0.05). Fracture surfaces showed that the composite resin failure developed along the matrix resin and the filler/resin interface region, and the cracks propagated in the conical shape from the maximum tensile stress zone.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.402-408
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of estrogen deficiency on pulpodentinal complex of tooth in ovariectomized rats. Thirty female Sprague-Dawley rats, 10 weeks old, were used. Rats were grouped into two groups. One group (n = 15) was subjected to sham surgery (SHAM) and the other group (n = 15) was ovariectomized bilaterally (OVX). Animals were sacrificed 12 weeks later, and their mandibular molars and associated periodontal supporting tissues were dissected out, and fixed in $10\%$ buffered formalin. For comparison of groups, immunostained for osteonectin. Histomorphometrical measurement of change of teeth was performed using an image analysis system and paired t-test was used and the level of significance for overall differences was set at p < 0.05. In immunostaining of osteonectin, they were significantly different from each other. The predentin thickness in OVX rats was wider than in SHAM rats. And in SHAM rats, osteonectin was more specifically stained in predentin areas than in OVX rats. These results indicate that estrogen deficiency increased the unmineralized predentin areas and decreased osteonectin content in pulpal tissues in rats. If our result is applicable to human studies, odotoblast is affected by estrogen deficiency.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.580-586
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• 2016

Cr-Si-Al-N coating with different Si content were deposited by hybrid physical vapor deposition (PVD) method consisting of unbalanced magnetron (UBM) sputtering and arc ion plating (AIP). The deposition temperature was $300^{\circ}C$, and the gas ratio of $Ar/N_2$ were 9:1. The CrSi alloy and aluminum targets used for arc ion plating and sputtering process, respectively. Si content of the CrSi alloy targets were varied with 1 at%, 5 at%, and 10 at%. The phase analysis, composition and microstructural analysis performed using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) including energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), respectively. All of the coatings grown with textured CrN phase (200) plane. The thickness of the Cr-Si-Al-N films were measured about $2{\mu}m$. The friction coefficient and removal rate of films were measured by a ball-on-disk test under 20N load. The friction coefficient of all samples were 0.6 ~ 0.8. Among all of the samples, the removal rate of CrSiAlN (10 at% Si) film shows the lowest values, $4.827{\times}10^{-12}mm^3/Nm$. As increasing of Si contents of the CrSiAlN coatings, the hardness and elastic modulus of CrSiAlN coatings were increased. The morphology and composition of wear track of the films was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy, respectively. The surface energy of the films were obtained by measuring of contact angle of water drop. Among all of the samples, the CrSiAlN (10 at% Si) films shows the highest value of the surface energy, 41 N/m.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.356-360
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• 2005

The maintenance of intestinal health is complex and relies on a delicate balance between the diet, the normal microflora and mucosa, including the digestive epithelium and overlying mucus layer. The colorectal mucosa is protected by a visco-elastic mucus gel formed by high molecular mass glycoproteins referred to as mucins. Abnormality of mucin have been identified with colorectal disease. Constipation increases with age, and is more common among women than men in all age groups, e.g. 10% of men and 20% of women in the USA. The aim of the present study was conducted to investigate that the effects of formulation KTG075 from edible plants on intestinal function on mucus secretion, were examined by loperamide-induced constipation method using Sprague Dawley male rats. Epithelial cells of colonic crypt contained more mucus in the KTG075 group compared with those of the control group and the thickness of the mucus layer stained with alcian blue was significantly thicker in KTG075 treated rats compared with in control rats. Mucus production of epithelial cells of crypt and mucus contents at fecal and mucosa surfaces were reduced by loperamide-induced constipation. These results indicates that a poly herbal formulation KTG075 accelerates evacuation and activated intestines.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.191-197
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• 1988

Sorption properties of corn starch(CS) and Soy protein isolates(SPI) in plastic films packaging were investigates for binary system. The mixture were sealed in plastic films of low density polyethylene(LDPE), oriented polypropylene(OPP) and LDPE/OPP coated film and packaging effect on the changes of moisture sorption during storage at $40^{\circ}C$ were studied. The following results were obtained. The water vapor permeability of material films was $32.6g/m^2/24hrs(below\;g)$ for 0.02mm LDPE film, 14.01g for 0.04mm LDPE film, 7.30g for 0.02mm OPP film, 3.37g for 0.04mm OPP film and 4.869 for 0.02mm LDPE/0.02 mm OPP confine film at $40^{\cire}C$ 90%RH, therefore the OPP film was more effective than LDPE film on the resistance of relative humidity. And the OPP film packaging sealed mixture of food samples was also more elective then LDPE film, having same thickness for increase of water vapor permeability during storage at $40^{\cire}C$. A general increase in sorption rate was found more in SPI than CS in the packaged mixtures.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.42-50
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• 1984

The Jung Kwa is of the traditional Han Kwa which boiled in sugar or honey. This study summerized the history of the Jung Kwa by the cook book which introduced 1600 years from now. The purpose of this study was to find out the most scientific and effective preparation process of 'Jung Kwa' of lotus root by the preference sensory test and the mechanical method of penetrometer. In this paper the effect of changes in boiling method mixture ratio of water, sugar, and honey, boiling time, upon the appearance, taste, texture and color of 'Jung Kwa' has been studied. The results are as follows : (1) The Jung Kwas which introduced in the cook books are 34 different kinds and the most well-known one among them is lotus root Jung Kwa. (2) In the beginning Jung Kwa boiled in honey but, Jung Kwa which boiled in sugar was introduced at first in 'Eum Sick Bup' Published in 1843. (3) The lotus root cut in a thickness of 7 mm, water 150 ml lotus root 100 g and vinegar 4 ml are mixed and boiled for 12 minutes. To prevent from browning reaction vinegar is added, In this case, the hardness is 5.86 min.(5) The most proper quantity of water in appearance, taste, texture and color is 200 ml. In this case, the hardness is 3.3 mm. (5) The most proper quantity of sugar in appearance, taste, texture and color is 30 g. In this case, the hardness is 3.8 mm.(6) The most proper quantity of honey in appearance, taste, texture and color is 40 g. In this case, the hardness is 4.9 mm.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.37-42
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• 2001

The concerns of the toxicity and health hazard of lead in solders have demanded the research to find suitable lead-free solder alloys. It was discussed that effect of the intermetallic formation and structure on the reliability of solder joints. In this study, lead-free solder alloys with compositions of Sn/3.5Ag/0.75Cu, Sn/2.0Ag/0.5Cu/2.0Bi were applied to the 48 $\mu$BGA packages. Also, the lead-free solder alloys compared with eutectic Sn/37Pb solder using shear test under various aging temperature. Common $\mu$BGA with solder components was aged at $130^{\circ}C$, $150^{\circ}C$ and $170^{\circ}C$. And the each temperature applied to 300, 600 and 900 hours. The thickness of the intermetallics was measured for each condition and the activation energy for their growth was computed. The fracture surfaces were analyzed using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) with EDS (Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy). These results for reliability of lead-free interconnections are discussed.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.187-196
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• 2004

Now many sustitution and false articles is used in korea instead of shanyao. To use shanyao correctly, we will make a quilitative certificational plan of shanyao to investigate all of lieraturea, records and documents. And we could reach conclusions as folloews. 1) Source About a source of shanyao, though korea and china has a each other source, we think there is no problem in use of both. 2) Process In our country producing shanyao as medical use is a 'duanma', we can divide into peeling and non-peeling, drying at bulks and at briquets, steaming shanyao and fresh shanyao. Regardless of existence for peeling and steaming, a distributing shanyao is received a proper judgment. Like this result was expressed by insufficiency of standards about medical components or indicating components. We detected a reminding S02 more than 10 ppm. And this expresses that there ia a problum at a drying method. To suggest proper processing methods, a standard of quility will have to be made which the existence of peeling, difference of quility between 'changma' and 'duanma', drying method and exudation test with cutted thickness are adaptable. Besides, 'maoshanyao' and 'guangshanyao' of china is processed by various methods which decrease a medical effect such as too much soaking shanyao in water, steaming with a sulfur, too much peeling, So we must process shanyao like the next methods. (1) When harvesting, dig deeply not to cut off roots. (2) Not to peel, wash shanyao in a washing machine. (3) Dry to 50-60% degree at sunny place or drying machine. (4) To be easy for drying and exudation, cut off a thick piece with 5 mm (5) Dry perfectly at ding machine. 3) Quality3) Quality (1) Functional standards It is not Proper that 'guangshanyao' is used in china because it has a problem with quility on process of working, If they did not soak shanyao in water or heat with steam, it is the real situation that they cannot cutt off shanyao evenly. In conclusion, shanyao must be heavy, powdery with a perfectly non-peeling surface, section surface is yellow-white color, unequal and has no holes. (2) Physicochemical standards It is the real situation that we can not distinguish into quility of shanyao with established test because various workings which decrease medical effects is used. Therefore we suggest a testing standard of S02 which is used in bleaching. And testing standards relatived with decrease of medical effects must be established at once. It must that Dry on loss is less than 14.0%, content of ash is less than 6.0%. Content of acid-nonsoluble ash is less than 0.5%. Contens of heavy metal has to detect less than 30 ppm and there is no reminding agricultural medince.