• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.88-92
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• 2020

Thermal effects in bulk and SOI FinFETs are briefly reviewed herein. Different techniques to measure these thermal effects are studied in detail. Self-heating effects show a strong dependency on geometrical parameters of the device, thereby affecting the reliability and performance of FinFETs. Mobility degradation leads to 7% higher current in bulk FinFETs than in SOI FinFETs. The lower thermal conductivity of SiO₂ and higher current densities due to a reduction in device dimensions are the potential reasons behind this degradation. A comparison of both bulk and SOI FinFETs shows that the thermal effects are more dominant in bulk FinFETs as they dissipate more heat because of their lower lattice temperature. However, these thermal effects can be minimized by integrating 2D materials along with high thermal conductive dielectrics into the FinFET device structure.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제48권10호
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• pp.901-906
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• 2010

The first stage blade of a gas turbine was operated under a severe environment which included both $1300^{\circ}C$ hot gas and thermal stress. To obtain high efficiency, a thermal barrier coating (TBC) and an internal cooling system were used to increase the firing temperature. The TBC consists of multi-layer coatings of a ceramic outer layer (top coating) and a metallic inner layer (bond coat) between the ceramic and the substrate. The top and bond coating layer respectively act as a thermal barrier against hot gas and a buffer against the thermal stress caused by the difference in the thermal expansion coefficient between the ceramic and the substrate. Particularly, the bondcoating layer improves the resistance against oxidation and corrosion. An inter-diffusion layer is generated between the bond coat and the substrate due to the exposure at a high temperature and the diffusion phenomenon. A thickness measurement result showed that the bond coat of the suction side was thicker than that of the pressure side. The thickest inter-diffusion zone was noted at SS1 (Suction Side point 1). A chemical composition analysis of the bond coat showed aluminum depletion around the inter-diffusion layer. In this study, we evaluated the properties of the bond coat and the degradation of the coating layer used on a $1300^{\circ}C$-class gas turbine blade. Moreover, the operation temperature of the blade was estimated using the Arrhenius equation and this was compared with the result of a thermal analysis.

• 폴리머
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.712-720
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• 2012

광학현미경분석, 주사전자현미경분석 및 적외선분광분석을 이용하여, 열화시간 경과에 따른 유리섬유가 보강된 폴리아미드 66 복합소재의 열 열화 특성을 조사하였다. 열화시간이 증가함에 따라, 인장강도는 열화 초기 약간의 증가 후 점진적으로 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 열 열화가 진행됨에 따라 결정화도의 증가, 가교밀도의 증가, 사슬 전단 및 사슬 운동성의 감소 등에 기인한 것으로 판단된다. 적외선분광분석을 통하여, 폴리아미드 66 복합소재 표면상에 열화에 기인한 케톤 피크와 규소 피크의 증가를 관찰하엿다. 또한 세 가지 승온속에서 측정된 열중량분석 결과를 이용하여 폴리아미드 66 복합소재으 열 분해 반응동역학을 분석하였다. 통계학적 기법, UL 746B, Ozawa 및 Kissinger 등 여러 방법을 통해 계산된, 폴리아미드 66 복합소재의 활성화 에너지와 수명 예측간의 상관관계를 조사하였다. 열중량분석으로부터 계산된 활성화 에너지는 가속시험으로 구한 값보다 상대적으로 큰 값을 나타내며, 이는 폴리아미드 66 소재으 수명을 과대 평가하는 결과를 초래하였다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 사용 온도에서의 활성화 에너지를 외삽하여 계산 가능한 지수 패턴의 표준곡선을 개발하였다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제56권9호
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• pp.1561-1565
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• 2007

According to thermal degradation on power transformers, it is known that electrical, mechanical and chemical characteristics for power transformer's oil-paper are changed. In the chemical property, especially, when the kraft paper is aged, the cellulose polymer chains break down into shorter lengths. It causes decrease in both tensile strength and degree of polymerization of paper insulation. Also the paper breakdown is accompanied by an increase in the content of various furanic compounds within the dielectric liquid. It is known that furanic components in transformer oil come only from the decomposition of insulating paper rather than from the oil itself. Therefore the analysis of furanic degradation products provides a complementary technique to dissolved gas analysis for monitoring transformers when we evaluate the aging of insulating paper by the total concentration of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide dissolved in oil only. Recently, the analysis of furanic compounds by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) using IEC 61198 method for estimating degradation of paper insulation in power transformers has been used more conveniently for assessment of oil-paper. It is know that the main products which is produced by aging are 2-furfuryl alcohol, 2-furaldehyde(furfural), 2-furoic acid, 2-acetylfuran, 5-methyl-2-furaldehyde, and 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde. For investigating the accelerated aging process of oil-paper samples we manufactured accelerating aging equipment and we estimated variation of insulations at $140^{\circ}C$ temp. during 500 hours. Typical transformer proportions of copper, silicon steel and iron have been added to oil-paper insulation during the aging process. The oil-paper insulation samples have been measured at intervals of 100 hours. Finally we have analyzed that 2-furoic acid and 2-acetylfuran products of furanic compounds were detected by HPLC, and their concentrations were increased with accelerated aging time.

• Composites Research
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.268-274
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• 2020

이 연구에서는 에폭시 수지에 나노 실리카 입자의 농도가 열화 거동에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보았다. 약 12 nm 크기의 실리카 입자를 에폭시 수지에 세가지 무게비로 섞은 나노 복합소재를 제작하여 열중량분석(Thermogravimetric Analysis, TGA)을 이용하여 여섯 가지의 서로 다른 승온률 하에서 열화거동 변화를 분석하였다. 등변환법(Isoconversional Method)에 기초한 Friedman, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa, Kissinger 그리고 DAEM(Distributed Activation Energy Method) 방식으로 활성화에너지를 정량적으로 계산하였다. 계산 결과에 의하면 순수 에폭시와 비교했을 때, 실리카 입자가 함유될 경우 활성화에너지가 상승한다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 그러나 10%와 18%의 활성화에너지 값이 유사함에 따라 반드시 함유랑에 비례하지는 않는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 각 방법에 의한 계산방식을 분석하여 그 결과를 비교하였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권5호
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• pp.937-946
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• 2020

The aim in the present work is to simulate accident scenarios of AP1000 during the small-break loss-of-coolant accident (SBLOCA) and investigate the performance and behavior of automatic depressurization system (ADS) during accidents by using MIDAC (The Module In-vessel Degradation severe accident Analysis Code). Four types of accidents with different hypothetical conditions were analyzed in this study. The impact on the thermal-hydraulic of the reactor coolant system (RCS), the passive core cooling system and core degradation was researched by comparing these types. The results show that the RCS depressurization becomes faster, the core makeup tanks (CMT) and accumulators (ACC) are activated earlier and the effect of gravity water injection is more obvious along with more ADS valves open. The open of the only ADS1-3 can't stop the core degradation on the basis of the first type of the accident. The open of ADS1-3 has a great impact on the injection time of ACC and CMT. The core can remain intact for a long time and the core degradation can be prevent by the open of ADS-4. The all results are significant and meaningful to understand the performance and behavior of the ADS during the typical SBLOCA.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.161-167
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• 2015

The performance of high power LEDs highly depends on the junction temperature. Operating at high junction temperature causes elevation of the overall thermal resistance which causes degradation of light intensity and lifetime. Thus, appropriate thermal management is critical for LED packaging. The main goal of this research is to improve thermal resistance by optimizing and comparing nano-pore silicon-based thermal substrate to insulated metal substrate and direct bonded copper thermal substrate. The thermal resistance of the packages are evaluated using computation fluid dynamic approach for 1 W single chip LED module.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1999년도 하계학술대회 논문집 D
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• pp.1627-1629
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• 1999

In order to analysis the degradation process of epoxy/glass fiber for outdoor condition, FRP laminate was exposed to high temperature and water. Then the degradation process was evaluated by comparing contact angle, surface potential decay, and surface resistivity. For the change of wettability, the contact angle of thermal-treated specimen with the high temperature of $200^{\circ}C$ increased. But that of water-treated specimen decreased. The characteristic of surface potential decay shows the tendency of the remarkable decrease on water-treated specimens, but no difference on thermal-treated specimen compared with untreated one. Also, for the surface resistivity, it shows the same trend compared with the change of contact angle.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제64권6권
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• pp.793-802
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• 2017

The damage of concrete due to the expansion of alkali-aggregate reaction (AAR) and thermal-chemical reactions affecting the strength of concrete is studied. The empirical equations for the variations of expansion of AAR, compressive strength and degradation of the modulus of elasticity with time, and compressive strength with degradation of the modulus of elasticity are proposed by analysing numerous experimental data. It is revealed that the expansion of AAR and compressive strength increase with time. The proposed combination of the time variations of chemical and mechanical parameters provides a satisfactory prediction of the concrete strength. Seismic analysis of the aged Koyna dam is conceded for two different long-term experimental data of concrete incorporating the proposed AAR based properties. The responses of aged Koyna dam reveal that the crest displacement of the Koyna dam significantly increases with time while the contour plots show that major principal stress at neck level reduces with time. As the modulus of elasticity decreases with ages the stress generated in the concrete structure get reduces. On the other hand with lesser value of modulus of elasticity the structure becomes more flexible and the crest displacement becomes very high that cause the seismic safety of the dam reduce.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2010년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.119-119
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• 2010

Among the various factors influencing the service life of the electric equipment, the performance of dielectric insulation materials has an important role to determine their whole service life. In order to determine the degradation of insulating materials immersed in extremely low temperature media such as liquid nitrogen, the abrupt temperature change from cryogenic to normal room temperature should be considered. But the assessments of low-temperature aging test method for the dielectric materials immersed in liquid nitrogen considering these conditions were not fully reported. Therefore, for the fundamental step to establish the suitable degradation test methods for cryogenic dielectric materials, we focused on the evaluation of ageing test methods for dielectric materials exposed to low temperature environments considering thermal shock by cool-down and warm up test.