• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제29권5A호
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• pp.531-541
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 강도수준(30, 50 및 70 MPa)에 따른 고유동 자기충전 콘크리트의 수화발열 특성을 알아보기 위하여 2성분계 및 3성분계 고유동 자기충전 콘크리트를 제조하여 일반콘크리트와 수화열, 응결 및 역학적 특성을 분석 고찰 하였으며, 콘크리트에 사용된 분체에 대한 미소수화열량을 측정하여 얻은 분체의 열특성값, 간이단열온도실험을 실시하여 얻은 콘크리트의 열특성값 및 콘크리트에 사용된 재료의 일반적인 열특성값을 간편한 방법의 추정식을 이용하여 콘크리트 단열온도를 추정하였다. 또한, 온도해석에 의하여 얻어진 수화열 및 단열온도 특성값을 MIDAS CIVIL 06 프로그램을 이용하여 3차원 온도응력 해석을 실시하여 고유동 자기충전 콘크리트의 수화발열 특성 및 수화열에 의한 온도응력을 분석 고찰하였다.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.82-88
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 유한요소해석을 통해 연소시험 과정 중 발생한 내열 구조품의 파단현상이 분석되었다. 구조 불안정성은 소성변형으로 인한 것으로 이는 급격한 열하중의 변화에서 비롯된 것이다. 한편 소성변형 국부화 현상을 이해하기 위해 구성방정식에 연속체 파손변수가 포함되었으며 또한 Armstrong-Frederick과 Phillips 경화식을 이용, 이중후방응력 구성방정식이 제안되었다. 따라서 본 모델은 광범위한 소성변형거동을 해석할 수 있는 토대를 마련하였다. 수치해석을 통해 소성변형 집중 현상은 지배적인 후방응력의 전개에 의존하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 물체 내에서의 파손 현상은 소성변형 집중을 가속화하는 것으로 밝혀졌다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.257-273
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• 2020

Concrete bond strength with steel re-bars depends on multiple factors including concrete-steel interface and mechanical properties of concrete. However, the hydration development of cementitious paste, and in turn the mechanical properties of concrete, are negatively affected by cold weather. This study aimed at exploring the concrete-steel bonding behavior in concrete cast and cured under freezing temperatures. Three concrete mixtures were cast and cured at -10 and -20℃. The mixtures were protected using conventional insulation blankets and a hybrid system consisting of insulation blankets and phase change materials. The mixtures comprised General Use cement, fly ash (20%), nano-silica (6%) and calcium nitrate-nitrite as a cold weather admixture system. The mixtures were tested in terms of internal temperature, compressive, tensile strengths, and modulus of elasticity. In addition, the bond strength between concrete and steel re-bars were evaluated by a pull-out test, while the quality of the interface between concrete and steel was assessed by thermal and microscopy studies. In addition, the internal heat evolution and force-slip relationship were modeled based on energy conservation and stress-strain relationships, respectively using three-dimensional (3D) finite-element software. The results showed the reliability of the proposed models to accurately predict concrete heat evolution as well as bond strength relative to experimental data. The hybrid protection system and nano-modified concrete mixtures produced good quality concrete-steel interface with adequate bond strength, without need for heating operations before casting and during curing under freezing temperatures down to -20℃.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제26권9호
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• pp.472-477
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• 2016

Microstructure evolutions of thermosetting resin coating layers fabricated by electrostatic spray deposition (ESD) at various processing conditions were investigated. Two different typical polymer systems, a thermosetting phenol-formaldehyde resin and a thermoplastic polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), were employed for a comparative study. Precursor solutions of the phenol-formaldehyde resin and of the PVP were electro-sprayed on heated silicon substrates. Fundamental differences in the thermomechanical properties of the polymers resulted in distinct ways of microstructure evolution of the electro-sprayed polymer films. For the thermosetting polymer, phenol-formaldehyde resin, vertically aligned micro-rod structures developed when it was deposited by ESD under controlled processing conditions. Through extensive microstructure and thermal analyses, it was found that the vertically aligned micro-rod structures of phenol-formaldehyde resin were formed as a result of the rheological behavior of the thermosetting phenol-formaldehyde resin and the preferential landing phenomenon of the ESD method.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.491-504
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• 2011

This review article provides an overview of the evolution of diphtheria vaccine, its value and its future. Diphtheria is an infectious illness caused by diphtheria toxin produced by pathogenic strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae. It is characterized by a sore throat with membrane formation due to local tissue necrosis, which can lead to fatal airway obstruction; neural and cardiac damage are other common complications. Diphtheria vaccine was first brought to market in the 1920s, following the discovery that diphtheria toxin can be detoxified using formalin. However, conventional formalin-inactivated toxoid vaccines have some fundamental limitations. Innovative technologies and approaches with the potential to overcome these limitations are discussed in this paper. These include genetic inactivation of diphtheria toxoid, innovative vaccine delivery systems, new adjuvants (both TLR-independent and TLR-dependent adjuvants), and heat- and freeze-stable agents, as well as novel platforms for producing improved conventional vaccine, DNA vaccine, transcutaneous (microneedle-mediated) vaccine, oral vaccine and edible vaccine expressed in transgenic plants. These innovations target improvements in vaccine quality (efficacy, safety, stability and consistency), ease of use and/or thermal stability. Their successful development and use should help to increase global diphtheria vaccine coverage.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.5-12
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• 2001

Our experimental research focuses on manipulating pinning deflects to alter the phase diagram of vortex matter, creating new vortex phases. Vortex matter offers a unique opportunity for creating and studying these novel phase transitions through precise control of thermal, pinning and elastic energies. The vortex melting transition in untwinned YB $a_2$C $u_3$ $O_{7-}$ $\delta$/ crystals is investigated in the presence of disorder induced by particle irradiation. We focus on the low disorder regime, where a glassy state and a lattice state can be realized in the same phase diagram. We follow the evolution of the first order vortex melting transition line into a continuous transition line as disorder is increased by irradiation. The transformation is marked by an upward shift in the lower critical point on the melting line. With columnar deflects induced by heavy ion irradiation, we find a second order Bose glass transition line separating the vortex liquid from a Bose glass below the lower critical point. Furthermore, we find an upper threshold of columnar defect concentration beyond which the lower critical point and the first order melting line disappear together. With point deflect clusters induced by proton irradiation, we find evidence for a continuous thermodynamic transition below the lower critical point..

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.131-139
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• 2013

The field of structural fire engineering has evolved within the construction industry, driven largely by the acceptance of performance-based or goal-based design. This evolution has brought two disciplines very close together - that of structural engineering and fire engineering. This paper presents an overview of structural systems that are frequently adopted in tall building design; typical beams and columns, concrete filled steel tube columns and long span beams with web openings. It is shown that these structural members require a structural analysis in relation to their temperature evolution and failure modes to determine adequate thermal protection for a given fire resistance period. When this is accounted for, a more explicit understanding of the behaviour of the structure and significant cost savings can be achieved. This paper demonstrates the importance of structural fire assessments in the context of tall building design. It is shown that structural engineers are more than capable of assessing structural capacity in the event of fire using published methodologies. Rather than assumed performance, this approach can result in a safe and quantified design in the event of a fire.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.41-54
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• 2017

Shape-memory alloys (SMA) have interesting behaviors and important mechanical properties due to the solid-solid phase transformation. These phenomena are dominated by the evolution of microstructures. In recent years, the microstructures in SMAs have been studied extensively and modeled using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. However, it remains difficult to identify the crystal variants in the simulation results, which consist of large numbers of atoms. In the present work, a method is developed to identify the austenite phase and the monoclinic martensite crystal variants in MD results. The transformation matrix of each lattice is calculated to determine the corresponding crystal variant. Evolution of the volume fraction of the crystal variants and the microstructure in Ni-Ti SMAs under thermal and mechanical boundary conditions are examined. The method is validated by comparing MD-simulated interface normals with theoretical solutions. In addition, the results show that, in certain cases, the interatomic potential used in the current study leads to inconsistent monoclinic lattices compared with crystallographic theory. Thus, a specific modification is applied and the applicability of the potential is discussed.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2011년도 제36회 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.272-278
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 유한요소해석을 통해 연소시험 과정 중 발생한 내열 구조품의 파단현상이 분석되었다. 구조 불안정성은 소성변형으로 인한 것으로 이는 급격한 열하중의 변화에서 비롯된 것이다. 한편 소성변형 국부화 현상을 이해하기 위해 Armstrong-Frederick과 Phillips 경화식을 이용, 이중후방응력 구성방정식이 제안되었으며, 또한 본 모델은 연속체 파손역학과 조합되었으며 광범위한 소성변형거동을 보일 수 있다. 수치해석을 통해 소성변형 집중 현상은 지배적인 후방응력의 전개에 의존하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 물체 내에서의 파손 현상은 소성변형 집중을 가속화하는 것으로 밝혀졌다.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제32권10호
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• pp.28-37
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• 2004

반응 및 비반응 유동장에서 단일와동의 전개 및 와(渦) 구조 검토를 위해 2 차원 직접 수치모사를 수행하였다. 수치기법으로는 낮은 마하수 근사법이 적용된 예측-교정자법이 적용되었으며, 연소모텔로는 2단계 총괄 반응식이 사용되었다. 반응 및 비반응 유동장에서 단일와동의 거동 비교를 통해, 와동의 전개특성 및 구조는 화학반응으로부터 생성된 열 뿐만 아니라 부력에 의해 생성된 외부 와동에 크게 영향을 받음을 확인하였다. 또한 반응장의 경우에 부피 팽창항, Baroclinic torque항 및 부력항에 의해 와동의 구조가 크게 변화될 수 있음을 알았다.