• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.539-545
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• 1997

Since the length of massive wall-structure is generally longer and larger than its thickness and a lift height of concrete of placement, cracks induced by hydration heat are governed by outer structural restriction rather than inner one. However, the degree of restriction control is expected to be affected by the sizes of wall thickness, length and a lift height. Thus, this analytical study aims at the development of relationship among those to minimize thermal cracks. In addition, the effect of types of cement on the thermal heats and stresses is evaluated for anti-sulphate and 2blended Portland cements concrete. It was found from analytical study that a lift height of concrete placement is the most important factor controlling thermal cracks, and the increase of lift heights is not always detrimental to structural safety.

• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.12-23
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• 1998

The Thermal Barrier Coating(TBC) has been used to improve the heat barrier and tribological properties of the aircraft engine and the automobile engine in high temperature. Especially, the high temperature tribological propertied of the cylinder haed and the piston crown of diesel engine was emphasized. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to evaluate the microstructure, tribological propeer in high tempearmal shock resistance and bonding strength of five layer functionally gradient TBC for the applications. The five layerwere composed with 100% ceramic insulating later, 75(ceramic):25 (metal) layer, 50:50 layer, 25:75 layer and 100% metal bonding layer to redude the thermal stress. the YSL and MSL poweders were the insulation ceramics powers. The NiCrAly, Inconel625 and SUS powders were the bonding and mixingg powders for plasma spray process. According to the result of high temperature wear test, the wera resistance of YSZ/NiCrAlY siytem was most out standing at 600 and $800^{\circ}C$. At $400^{\circ}C$, the wear resistance of YSZ/Inconel system was better than others. Wear volume at other temperature because of the low temperature degration of zirconia. The thermal shock mechanism of 5 later is the vertical crack gegration in insulating layer. this means that the initial cracks were generated in the top layer, and then developed into the composite layers during thermal shock test. Finally, these cracks werereached to the interface of coating and substrate and also, these vertioal cracks join with the horizontal cracks of the each layers. The bonding strength of YSZ/NiCrAlY and YSZ/Inconel 5 layer system is better than other 5layer systems. The theramal shock resistance of thermal barrier coating s with 5 layer system is better than that of 3 layers and 2 layers.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.492-498
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• 2017

A thermal barrier coating (TBC) with self-healing property for cracks was proposed to improve reliability during gas turbine operation, including structural design. Effect of healing agent on crack propagation behavior in TBCs with and without buffer layer was investigated through furnace cyclic test (FCT). Molybdenum disilicide ($MoSi_2$) was used as the healing agent; it was encapsulated using a mixture of tetraethyl orthosilicate and sodium methoxide. Buffer layers with composition ratios of 90 : 10 and 80 : 20 wt%, using yttria stabilized zirconia and $MoSi_2$, respectively, were prepared by air plasma spray process. After generating artificial cracks in TBC samples by using Vickers indentation, FCTs were conducted at $1100^{\circ}C$ for a dwell time of 40 min., followed by natural air cooling for 20 min. at room temperature. The cracks were healed in the buffer layer with the healing agent of $MoSi_2$, and it was found that the thermal reliability of TBC can be enhanced by introducing the buffer layer with healing agent in the top coat.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.771-781
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• 1994

The heat generation of cement causes the internal temperature rise and volume change at early age, particulary in massive concrete structures. As the results of the temperature rise and restraint conditions, the thermal stress may induce cracks in concrete. Therefore, the prediction of the thermal stress is very important in the design and construction in order to control the cracks developed in mass concrete. In case of young concrete, creep effect by the temperature load is larger than that of old concrete. Thus, the effect of creep must be considered for checking the cracks, serviceability, durability and leakage. This paper is concentrated on the development of a finite element program which is capable of simulating the temperature history and the thermal stress considering creep and the modified elastic modulus due to inner temperature change and maturity. The analytical results in the inner parts highest important to control cracks are in good agreement with experimental data. Therefore this study may provide available method to control the cracks.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.93-100
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• 2018

It is seldom possible that geotechnical materials like rocks and concretes found without joints, cracks, or discontinuities. Thereby, the impact of micro-cracks on the mechanical properties of them is to be considered. In the present study, the effect of micro-crack on the failure mechanism of rock specimens under uniaxial compression was investigated experimentally. For this purpose, thermal stress was used to induce micro-cracks in the specimens. Several cylindrical and disk shape specimens were drilled from granite collected from Zanjan granite mine, Iran. Some of the prepared specimens were kept in room temperature and the others were heated by a laboratory furnace to different temperature levels (200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 degree Celsius). During the experimental tests, Acoustic Emission (AE) sensors were used to monitor specimen failure at the different loading sequences. Also, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was used to distinguish the induced micro-crack by heating in the specimens. The fractographic analysis revealed that the thin sections heated to $800^{\circ}C$ and $1000^{\circ}C$ contain some induced micro-fractures, but in the thin sections heated to $200^{\circ}C$, $400^{\circ}C$ and $600^{\circ}C$ have not been observed any micro-fracture. In the next, a comprehensive experimental investigation was made to evaluate mechanical properties of heated and unheated specimens. Results of experimental tests showed that induced micro-cracks significantly influence on the failure mode of specimens. The specimens kept at room temperature failed in the splitting mode, while the failure mode of specimens heated to $800^{\circ}C$ are shearing and the specimens heated to $1000^{\circ}C$ failed in the spalling mode. On the basis of AE monitoring, it is found that with increasing of the micro-crack density, the ratio of the number of shear cracks to the number of tensile cracks increases, under loading sequences.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.233-238
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• 2014

In case of the slender mass concrete like attached wall, retaining wall and bridge tower, the low heat cement and the control joint are mainly used for thermal cracking control. However, even if these cracking control methods are considered, it is impossible to control thermal cracks perfectly, because the external restraint is largely in these mass concrete. Because these cracks occurring in slender mass concrete members almost penetrate concrete member, the special cracking control is demanded in these mass concretes. The vertical pipe cooling method improving existing pipe cooling method was developed for the active thermal cracking control of slender mass concrete, and applied at the field attached wall. In results, the maximum temperature dropped more than $10^{\circ}C$ by vertical pipe cooling method, and the cracks decreased about more than 50%.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.29-34
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• 2002

The heat of hydration of cement causes the internal temperature rise at early age, paticular in massive concrete structures. As the results of the temperature rise and restraint condition, the thermal stress may induce cracks in concrete. The prediction of the thermal stress is important in design and construction stages in order to control the cracks in mass concrete. It is poor economy to analysis for prediction of the thermal stress on each design or construction. In this study, the hydration heat and thermal stress analysis is performed by ABAQUS program, as a results of thermal analysis, the formula of size-placing depth relationship is proposed.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.296-301
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• 2012

This paper describes an analytic method for infrared thermography to detect surface cracks in thin plates. Traditional thermographic method uses the spatial contrast of a thermal field, which is often corrupted by noise in the experiment induced mainly by emissivity variations of target surfaces. This study developed a robust analytic approach to crack detection for thermography using the holomorphic function of a temperature field in thin plate under steady-state thermal conditions. The holomorphic function of a simple temperature field was derived for 2-D heat flow in the plate from Cauchy-Riemann conditions, and applied to define a contour integral that varies depending on the existence and strength of singularity in the domain of integration. It was found that the contour integral at each point of thermal image reduced the noise and temperature variation due to heat conduction, so that it provided a clearer image of the singularity such as cracks.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2000.10b
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• pp.1163-1168
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• 2000

The method for preventing thermal cracks is necessary in mass concrete structures. So various experiments were carried out for the controls of thermal cracks and we substituted fly ash for a quarter of cement quantity in order to decrease hydration heat. The maximum block size is determined by numerical analysis as well. Hydration heat and thermal stress were measured through various gauges and analysis considering the steps of concrete placement were carried out. It was found from this study that the appropriate block size was able to be determined properly by numerical analysis.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.286-294
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• 1988

The thermal stress intensity factors (TSIF's) for the cusp cracks such as hypocycloid crack, symmetric airfoil crack and symmetric lip crack are determined by using Bogdanoff's complex variable approaches in plane thermoplasticity. The results are expressed in terms of the periodic functions of the direction of uniform heat flow. The TSIF's are shown to be sensitive to both the direction of uniform heat flow and be thermal boundary conditions. It is also shown that Fourence's solutions for an insulated circular hole and Sih's solutions for an insulated Griffith crack are derived from the results of the stress and displacement fields for the hypocycloid crack and the TSIF's for the various cusp cracks, respectively.