• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.524-532
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• 2003

In this paper, a personal air-conditioning system considering the human thermal adaptability is analyzed. Although the conventional personal air-conditioner was proofed to be satisfactory in providing for the thermal comfort, it is being questioned on the term of its energy efficiency. Therefore, it is important and urgent to develop new types of personal air-conditioning system with sustainable control strategy that can ensure energy saving and thermal comfort simultaneously. In this study, we first examined the problems of the conventional personal air-conditioning system with field interview and laboratory experiment in terms of usage, management and thermal comfort, and proposed the energy-saving personal air-conditioning system considering the human thermal adaptation. Then a laboratory experiment was performed to analyze the characteristics of the human thermal comfort under severe indoor thermal conditions, which were controlled using a new personal air-conditioning unit designed according to the proposal. The results help to illustrate the alleviation effect of the new personal air-conditioning system, and indicate that the thermal alleviation time is useful to maintain the thermal comfort with efficient usage of energy.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.84-89
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• 2003

Fuzzy controller is one of the succeed controller used in the process control in case of model uncertainties. But it my be difficult to fuzzy controller to articulate the accumulated knowledge to encompass all circumstance. Hence, it is essential to provide a tuning capability. There are many parameters in fuzzy controller can be adapted, scale factor tuning of normalized fuzzy controller is one of the adaptation parameter. Two adaptation methods are implemented in this work on an experimental thermal process, which simulate heating process in liquefied petroleum gases (LPG) recovery process in one of petrochemical industries: Gradient decent (GD) adaptation method; supervisory fuzzy controller. A comparison between the two methods is discussed.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.747-754
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• 2003

The actual clothing conditions were surveyed to diagnose clothing condition of Korean female in the view point of the adaptation to the thermal environment according to seasonal changes. Then, clothing microclimate, physiological responses, and subjective sensation were investigated through wearing trials on human body in climatic chamber based on the results from the survey. Factors to evaluate validity of clothing condition were clothing weight, clothing microclimate, physiological response of human body, and subjective sensation. The results were as follows: 1. Clothing weight per body surface area of the season was $856g/m^{2}$, $439g/m^{2}$ in summer, $630g/m^{2}$ in fall, and $1184g/m^{2}$ in winter. Cold - resistance of Korean female in office was superior to Japanese, inferior to residents of rural areas of Korea, and similar to male in office. However, in heat - resistance, female in office was inferior to residents of rural areas of Korea. 2. In spring, fall, winter, clothing microclimate temperature was a little higher than that in summer. Therefore, it was not a desirable wearing condition even though the clothing microclimate was comfortable zone. 3. Mean skin temperature of female in office was including within the range of Winslow's comfortable zone, but the range of comfortable zone in mean skin temperature of female was more narrow than Winslow's. Thus, it has problem for female to adaptation to thermal environment.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.838-846
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• 2006

The purpose of this study to develop the air-conditioning system that adopts adaptive model as an indoor climate control logic for energy saving. The adaptive model using the ability of human thermal adaptation could be expected to alleviate the indoor set-point temperature compared with the past heat-balance model. Especially, in case of hybrid air-conditioning system coupled with natural ventilation and heating/cooling system, the adaptive model can be describe the thermal comfort of inhabitant who stay at hybrid system controlled buildings with accuracy. In this paper, the concept of adaptive model will be described and the results of a continuous measurement on the actual thermal experiences and behaviors of thermal adaptation for office worker will be reported.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.1403-1406
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• 2005

The present study was undertaken to study the effect of thermal stress on sexual behaviour of superovulated ewes. Fourteen adult Bharat Merino ewes with an average body weight of 29.4${\pm}$2.34 kg were randomly allocated into two groups of 7 each. All the animals were grazed on natural pasture in the morning and evening hours and housed in shed during night. Animals of Group-1 were housed in shed from 10:00 to 16:00 h while the animals of Group-2 were exposed to thermal stress in a hot chamber ($40^{\circ}C$ /6 h/day). All the animals were offered drinking water once a day at 16:30 h. Meteorological observations i.e. dry bulb, wet bulb, minimum and maximum temperature were recorded daily inside the shed as well as in hot chamber throughout the experimental period. For superovulation of animals, standard protocol developed at the Institute, using FSH (Ovagen 5.4 mg in eight injections) and PMSG (200 IU) was followed. Various sexual behaviour parameters (circling, tail fanning, head turning, standing and approaching to ram) and estrus incidence (onset of estrus and estrus duration) were observed in both the groups. The different estrus symptoms were graded subjectively on arbitrary scale of 0-5 where 0 representing no sexual behaviour (0%) and 5 representing maximum intensity in sexual behaviour (100%). Estrus was detected with the help of a marked aproned ram of proven vigor at six hourly intervals. The average percent values for sexual behaviour parameters recorded in Group-1 and Group-2 animals were 53.7${\pm}$3.76 vs. 41.1${\pm}$2.18 for circling, 71.8${\pm}$5.42 vs. 49.0${\pm}$4.41 for tail fanning, 64.7${\pm}$3.30 vs. 44.5${\pm}$4.34 for head turning, 90.1${\pm}$3.16 vs. 75.8${\pm}$4.02 for standing and 63.8${\pm}$4.8 vs. 41.9${\pm}$4.58 for approaching to ram. Animals exposed to thermal stress had significantly lower values of these sexual behaviour parameters. The animals kept in shed exhibited estrus earlier (25.4${\pm}$1.12 h) and duration was higher (37.7${\pm}$1.59 h) as compared to animals exposed to thermal stress i.e. 30.6${\pm}$1.16 h and 31.7${\pm}$3.57 h, respectively. The findings of the study indicate that thermal stress reduces the intensity of sexual behaviour in ewes and may result in failure of the animal to mate and conceive.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.502-509
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• 2007

This study evaluates thermal comfort by air conditioner temperature raising at the point of time that human body begins to adapt. Thermal comfort according to change of time enters by uncomfortable area gradually at general cold room temperature that magnetic pole is in human body. However, can know that keep continuous thermal comfort in case raise temperature in human body adaptation visual point. Experiments were performed in environmental chamber. Subjects were selected 4 men and 4 women whose life cycle were proved that are similar. The subjects stay in the pretesting room during the 30 minutes and enter the testing room under each experiment conditions. During the experiment, brain wave, electrocardiogram, blood pressure and thermal comfort and sensation responses were measured. In this study, physiological and psychological responses correspond under temperature raising at human body adaptation.

• BMB Reports
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• v.50 no.7
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• pp.343-344
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• 2017

Plants are able to recognize even small changes in surrounding temperatures to optimize their growth and development. At warm temperatures, plants exhibit diverse architectural adjustments, including hypocotyl and petiole elongation, leaf hyponasty, and reduced stomatal density. However, it was previously unknown how such warm temperatures affected the early stages of seedling development. In our recent study, we demonstrated that the RNA-binding protein, FCA, is critical for sustaining chlorophyll biosynthesis during early seedling development, which is a prerequisite for autotrophic transition at warm temperatures. FCA plays a dual role in this thermal response. It inhibits the rapid degradation of protochlorophyllide oxidoreductases (PORs) that mediate chlorophyll biosynthesis. In addition, it induces the expression of POR genes at the chromatin level, which contributes to maintaining functional enzyme levels. Our findings provide molecular basis for the thermal adaptation of chlorophyll biosynthesis during the early stages of seedling development in nature.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.12-18
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• 2024

The accelerated pace of climate crisis due to continuous industrialization and greenhouse gas emissions necessitates sustainable solutions that simultaneously address mitigation and adaptation to climate change. Naturebased Solutions (NbS) have gained prominence as viable approaches, with Green Infrastructure being a representative NbS. Green Infrastructure involves securing green spaces within urban areas, providing diverse climate adaptation functions such as removal of various air pollutants, carbon sequestration, and isolation. The proliferation of Green Infrastructure is influenced by the quantification of improvement effects related to various projects. To support decision-making by assessing the climate vulnerability of Green Infrastructure, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) has developed i-Tree Tools. This study proposes a comprehensive evaluation approach for climate change adaptation types by quantifying the climate adaptation performance of urban Green Infrastructure. Using i-Tree Canopy, the analysis focuses on five urban green spaces covering more than 30 hectares, considering the tree ratio relative to the total area. The evaluation encompasses aspects of thermal environment, aquatic environment, and atmospheric environment to assess the overall eco-friendliness in terms of climate change adaptation. The results indicate that an increase in the tree ratio correlates with improved eco-friendliness in terms of thermal, aquatic, and atmospheric environments. In particular, it is necessary to prioritize consideration of the water environment sector in order to realize climate change adaptive green infrastructure, such as increasing green space in urban areas, as it has been confirmed that four out of five target sites are specialized in improving the water environment.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.753-756
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• 1999

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.77-84
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• 2006

This research evaluates thermal comfort by comparing the case of maintain cooing temperature of room with the case of raising it at the point of time that human body begins to adapt. An experiment uses constant temperature & humidity chamber 2 places. Pretesting room make up summer season environment, the testing room control by air-conditioner. In condition that maintain temperature of $33^{\circ}C$. The subjects stay in the pretesting room during the 30 minute for the heat storage amount of the normal summertime. The subjects stay in the testing room under each case (case 1: maintaining $24^{\circ}C$, case 2: maintaining $26^{\circ}C$, case 3: up $1^{\circ}C$ after maintaining $24^{\circ}C$ during 30 minute, case 4: up $1^{\circ}C$ after maintaining $26^{\circ}C$ during 40 minute). 1. Result of comparison of case 1 and case 2 appears that thermal sensitive vote examine from slight cool to cool and thermal comfort examine slight comfort by temperature rise at human body adaptation point of time.2. Test of case 3 and case 4 appear similar value at thermal sensitive vote and thermal comfort.3. Through the case 2 and case 4, continuous thermal comfort maintain at $24^{\circ}C$, if raise $26^{\circ}C$, same thermal comfort maintain after a human body adaptation temperature rising effect bring energy saving.