• 안보군사학연구
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• 통권1호
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• pp.231-247
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• 2003

To get the basic data for making comfortable military uniforms and to examine the distribution of clothing microclimate, seasonal fluctuations of skin temperature, subjective sensation, and clothing microclimate were measured from 10 males. The subject were questioned on thermal comfort in experiment. Clothing microclimate temperature at breast, skin temperature at four sites (breast, upper arm, thigh, leg), deep body temperature at eardrum( tympanic temperature), and subjective sensation were measured for an hour in the controlled climatic chamber. The subjects felt comfortable when skin temperature were recorded $34.43^{\circ}C$ at breast, $33.53^{\circ}C$ at upper arm, $32.9^{\circ}C$ at thigh, and 32.50 at leg. Then mean skin temperature was $33.55\pm$$0.63^{\circ}C$. Clothing microclimate temperature ranged from 31.2 to $33.8^{\circ}C$, and clothing microclimate humidity ranged from 49.80～52.41%. In the comparison of these results with the microclimate of military uniforms, it needs more insulation in clothing for military uniforms. It also says that military uniforms should be made of the textiles which can control humidity.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2000

This research chose three kinds of sleeping bags with different fillings (A: interfill polyester, B: brushed polyester, C: down) and put them in two environmental conditions (Env. I : $25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, $50{\pm}10%$; Env. II : $18{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, $70{\pm}10%$). The measured Skin temperature, Temperature and Humidity in sleeping bag, Rectal temperature and Psychological reaction. The results of experiment were as follows: 1. The mean skin temperature of Sleeping Bag B was the closest to the most comfortable value in the two environmental conditions. 2. Temperature and humidity in sleeping bags, in both environmental conditions, contained the value nearest to the most comfortable one in Sleeping Bag B. 3. Rectal temperature in both environments had a slight change in the range of antibody temperature in all the subjects of sleeping bags. 4. As subjective psychological reaction, both thermal and humid sensation approached the most comfortable zone in Sleeping Bag B.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.52-65
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• 2016

Presently, sleep disorders are rapidly increasing due to sudden social development and lifestyle diversification. Among the various factors contributing to comfortable sleep, bedclothes are a major factor that readily influence the sleeping conditions, as they directly come in contact with the human body. This study therefore researches use and purchasing status of bedclothes by consumers, as well as the subjective satisfaction. This would accordingly help us to understand the consumers' performance needs, and collect basic data to develop bedclothes that assist comfortable sleep. This study used multiple choice questions and a 5-point Likert scale in a survey-style research. The results of the study indicate that consumers prudently considered practicality and durability, as bedclothes are seldom purchased. The most preferred material was cotton, but the use of microfiber, a new material, has also increased. Further, consumers' preferred lightweight bedclothes that displayed excellent water absorption, thermal insulation, durability, detergency, and flexibility. Hence, bedclothes developed according to the results of this study are expected to aid comfortable sleep.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.402-408
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• 2009

In this paper, the effects of ventilation and humidification on thermal comfort and indoor air quality(IAQ) were evaluated in a classroom when a heat pump system was operated in winter. Thermal comfort parameters, such as temperature, relative humidity, globe temperature and air velocity, were measured at 9 points in the classroom. The concentration of $CO_2$ and total suspended particles(TSP) in the classroom were measured in order to analyze IAQ. Temperature distribution in the classroom was decreased by $2{\sim}5^{\circ}C$ when the ventilation system and the humidifier were operated. When the relative humidity was adjusted to 60% by operating the humidifier and the ventilation system, the predicted mean vote(PMV) in the classroom was within the comfortable range of $-0.5{\sim}0.5$. When the ventilation system was operated, the average concentration of $CO_2$ and TSP were decreased by 645 ppm and 0.17 $mg/m^3$, respectively. This paper suggests the humidification and ventilation conditions to maintain the comfortable environment in the school classroom in winter experimentally.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2006

This study was performed to evaluate sleep efficiencies and conditions for comfortable sleep based on the analysis of EEGs and MST under four thermals conditions. Five female subjects who have similar life cycle and sleep patterns were participated for the sleep experiment. Their age was from 20 to 22 years old. They were healthy, and had regular sleep with consistent bed and wakeup time. It was checked whether they had a good sleep before the night of experiment. Experiments were performed in an environmental chamber of $4.1\times4.9\times2.7m$ size. EEGs were obtained from C3-A2 and C4-Al electrode sites. Sleep stages were classified, then TST, SWS latency and SWS/TST were calculated for the evaluation for sleep efficiencies on thermal conditions. As results, it was concluded that indoor thermal environments of $24\~26^{\circ}C$ was the best for comfortable and deep sleep.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.123-129
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• 2021

When shaving, it is easy to suffer shaving burns, that is, facial burn irritation during shaving. The reason is that the razor blade irritates the skin. The current solution is to make the razor sharper and use a razor with a blade heating function. Although these ways can increase the comfort of shaving, they will also greatly increase shaving costs. This paper proposes using a hairdryer to massage the skin before shaving to reduce skin irritation during shaving. This is a simple, practical and low-cost method. The hair dryer's heat, sound, and wind energy have a massage effect, and they can make shaving easier and more comfortable. For analyzing shaving effect, two evaluation methods are used, which are sound spectrum analysis and mos. The sound spectrum analysis is used to analyze the working status of the razor objectively. The MOS test can reflect the subjective feelings of the subject on the shaving's comfort. The results show that the hairdryer thermal vibration massage can make the beard easier to cut, thereby reducing the irritation of the razor to the skin and improving shaving comfort.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2004

The aim of the research was to evaluate the characteristics of indoor thermal environment and thermal sensation in the traditional Ondol room. Indoor thermal factors including air temperature, operative temperature, floor surface temperature, relative humidity, PMV, OT were measured, and survey was carried out to understand subjective responses of resident's related to indoor thermal environment in Ondol room. The analysed houses are: the Chung hyo dang(the head house of Ryu family in Andong) and the Pyeung won jung(the traditional house in Yesan). The purpose of the survey was to know the relationship between resident's sensation and thermal environmental indicators such as air temperature, relative humidity, floor surface temperature, OT. The experimental results have pointed out how Ondol room may lead to comfortable and uniform indoor thermal environments.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.55-64
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in skin temperature and thermal comfort of participants in a $19^\circ{C}$ room (the recommended room temperature in the winter) depending on age, sex and clothing weight. Subjects were divided into four groups (6 young males, 5 young females, 6 old males, 6 old females) and experimental trials consisted of three conditions: wearing underwear in a $19^\circ{C}$ room (19CUW), without underwear in a $19^\circ{C}$ room (19C), and without underwear in a $24^\circ{C}$ room (24C). The results indicated the following: 1) There were no significant differences in mean skin temperature based on age or sex, and the mean skin temperatures of the four groups were in the range of 32.4∼$34.0^\circ{C}$. 2) In the 19C condition, the skin temperatures of the hands and feet of old females were higher than those of the other three groups. 3) In terms of perceived thermal comfort, young females showed a tendency to feel the most uncomfortable. Both old and young groups agreed that the 24C condition was the most comfortable. 4) Relational coefficients between thermal comfort and skin temperatures were higher in the young group than in the old group. Furthermore, the perceived thermal comfort had a stronger relationship with mean skin temperatures than with local skin temperatures. 5) The mean skin temperatures of subjects who indicated they were 'comfortable' were in the range of 31∼$36^\circ{C}$ regardless of age or sex.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.45-51
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• 1985

The purpose of this study is to research into the thermal condition and the weight of clothes suitable for the officers engagged in light works in an air-conditioned room in summer. The Major findings are as follows: 1. Thermal conditions of the working environment are $24.5^{\circ}C$ (Dry bulb temp.), $68\%$ (Relative humidity) and 2.6m/sec (Air Velocity). 2. Total clothing weights are 416.6 g/$m^2$ (male) and 340.9 g/$m^2$ (female). Underwear weights are 96.8g/$m^2$ (male) and 85.1g/$m^2$ (female). The latter turned out to be statistically significant in Sexual difference. 3. Means of the thermal sensation are 3.0 (comfortable; male) 2.7 ('Slightly cool' -'Comfortable'; female) and the relationship between clothing weights and thermal sensation proves to be significantly correlated in the case of female. 4. $66.7\%$ of the women and $37.1\%$ of the men feel sensation of coldness at the body's specific area and $79.5\%$ of the women and $54.3\%$ of the men reveals air-conditioning disturbance. 5. As the thermal sensation is close to 'cool-cold', sensation of coldness or air conditioning disturbance are showed up more frequently which is reversely related with weight of under-wear. It is also proved that air conditioning disturbances are influenced by sexual difference in addition to sensation of coldness and thermal sensation. 6. According to the result of experiment, we can have the idea that at condition $X_1$, the drop of limbs' skin temp. is remarkable. At condition $X_2$ skin temp. for distal limbs and mean skin temp. are raised and the falling degree is similar. At condition $X_3$, mean skin temp. and distal skin temp. are remarkably raised, and the falling degree decreases and the beats of pulse rate increase and diastoric blood pressure is lowered.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2003

This study aims to survey the living spaces of the welfare facilities for the aged to get the objective relationships between the physical thermal environment and the users' subjective responses. The surveys were made twice in winter and once in summer during 2001 and 2002. An ambient temperature, relative humidity, air velocity, globe temperature were measured as physical elements of thermal environment and the ASHRAE Psychophysical Voting Scale were used as an evaluation index for subjective responses. As the results, the aged respond thermally comfortable, in spite of the differences among important factors such as thermal sensations, humidity sensations and air velocity sensations. Also the physical thermal environmental elements and the subjective responses indices exceed thermal comfort range calculated by PMV(Predicted Mean Vote) and PPD(Predicted Percentage Dissatisfied). It shows that the insulation of walls of the facilities is not enough for heating and cooling seasons, and the indoor environmental control is necessary.