• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.71-88
• /
• 1996

For understanding skin temperature based on clothing design from a viewpoint of comfortable wearing, the skin temperature, physiological reactions(body temperature, blood pressure and pulse) and physilolgical response(thermal sensation, comfort sensation and perceptive sweaty sensation) were measured on condition tha t5 naked healthy male exposed to serveral environmental temperatures,( $20{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$ ,$28{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$ and $32{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$). As the results of this testing, the regional skin temperature was varied for 90min just after expose to those the environment but was generally stabilized for the nest 90min. It was proved the difference of the regional skin temperature at low temperature environmental($20{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$) was larger than at high temperature environmental($32{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$) and inder serveral environmental temperature,the degree of the regional skin was not equal. Except in case of the thigh, the front of all regional skin temperature turned out higher than the back of them. According to change of environmental temperature, body temperature and pulse were altered. In the pshycological response, 'thermal sensation-comfort sensation' was felt to 'slightly warm - comfortable' at $28{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$of the environmental temperature, and 'perceptive sweaty sensation', wneh it was said 'sweat' at only $32{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$ of it.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Marine Engineers Conference
• /
• 2006.06a
• /
• pp.231-232
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study is to measure and evaluate the thermal conditions of large cruiser's cabin. As the result of this study, followings are cleared. The air volume supplied to the 2 types of cabins is quite diffenrent. Temperature differences in the Room A which is located A deck and supplied enough air volume is stable all around the cabin. But Room B which is located B deck and supplied comparatively small air volume has temperature distribution problems, like time-dependent differences, vertical differences. To serve more comfort and productivity of Room B, it is strongly recommended to do a T.A.B.(Testing, Adjusting and Balancing) for more air volume and/or to design new air flow path to make air stay longer.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.44 no.6
• /
• pp.1107-1119
• /
• 2020

This study analyzed a subject's body reaction and subjective sensation when wearing a gait-assistive rehabilitation robot. The research method measured skin and clothing surface temperatures for 'seating-standing' and 'walking in place' exercises after wearing a gait-assistive rehabilitation robot. In addition, subjective sensation and satisfaction were evaluated on a 7-point Likert scale. The study results showed that the average skin temperature during exercise while wearing the gait-assistive rehabilitation robot was within a comfortable range. However, during the 'seating-standing' exercise, the skin temperature was slightly lowered. Additionally, the clothing surface temperature tended to be lower than the pre-exercise temperature after all exercises. The subjective sensation evaluation results showed that the wear comfort of the waist part was low during mobility/activity. In addition, an overall improvement in the wear comfort of the robot is necessary. The short-time movement of wearing and walking in the gait-assistive rehabilitation robot did not interfere with the thermal comfort of the body. However, the robot needs to be ergonomically improved in consideration of the long wearing time along with improved material that to satisfy overall wearing comfort.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.31 no.8
• /
• pp.939-946
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study is to measure and analyze the ship's indoor thermal conditions and also to integrate experimental database of those, supplied and controlled by ship's HVAC. On this study, temperature, humidity and air volume of 6 different needs' cabin are measured on a newly-launched training ship during 2nd through 5th of April, 2007. Followings are the results of this study. (1)Because only partial loads are needed in spring season, the air volume from diffusers are measured as below 20%. (2)The temperatures are ranged between $20{\sim}25^{\circ}C$ and those are within comfort temperature range proposed by AHREA. (3)But humidities in cabins are very low and it could be the reason of a cold and/or a skin disease. (4)From the student cabins' measurements which have different supply diffuser(s), it is clear that the design is suitable for this case. (5)Because of low humidity, only 16.1% among the measured data are satisfied with the comfort standard range proposed by ASHREA. To improve the predictability and the comfort, HVAC should maintain the humidity as $40{\sim}60%$.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.149-157
• /
• 2018

In this research, the psychological and physiological reactions of the driver were measured during winter to evaluate thermal comfort. The experiment was conducted using 3 different cases which are hot air heating, warm-wire seat heating and hot air & warm-wire seat heater operating simultaneously. With regard to psychological reaction, the warm-wire heating mode was the most preferred. The reason is that it is dry in other cases. With regard to EEG response, thermal comfort increased by 37% in warm air mode heating. In addition, when the warm-wire heating mode and the hot air & warm-wire heating mode were simultaneously operated, the thermal comfort continuously increased by between 17% and 20% for 20 minutes after boarding. Under the change of the autonomic nervous system, the thermal stress level increased by 23% after 15 minutes on board in the hot air heating mode and decreased continuously by 13% during the warm-wire seat heating mode. We recommended the hot air heating mode is only used for a short time to raise the inside temperature during the early boarding period and that warm-wire seat heating mode be actively utilized.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.21 no.5
• /
• pp.606-617
• /
• 2019

The present study newly developed a firefighters' protective jacket and pants using a Nomex honeycomb structured layer (HPC) in cases of being exposed to flashover or flameover. This study evaluated the protective and comfort functions of an HPC compared to the current KFI firefighters' protective clothing (FPC). The results are as follows. First, thermal protective performance (TPP) of fabric layers was 2.75 times greater for HPC than FPC at $125kW/m^2$. Second, the predicted second and third degree burn areas were smaller for HPC than FPC when using a flame manikin. Third, thermal insulation using a thermal manikin was 0.2 clo greater for HPC than FPC. Fourth, there were no marked differences in maximal performance, mobility, and microclimate temperature/humidity between FPC and HPC through human wear trials. The thermal insulation of HPC was higher than that of FPC; however, any negative effect of HPC thermal insulation on the comfort functions for firefighters was not found. In conclusion, the newly-developed HPC provided more protection in reducing burn injuries from $125kW/m^2$, while no negative impact on maximal performance, mobility and thermal comfort functions of firefighters, which is appropriate for quick-evasive tactics at the flashover, flameover or back draft fires.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.681-686
• /
• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of the thermally different states of human feet on temperature regulation in winter season. Five healthy female students of age 20 volunteered as subjects to participate in the study. Physiological responses such as rectal temperature and skin temperatures as well as subjective responses of thermal comfort and thermal sensation were observed. Preferred clothing and preferred temperature were also evaluated in terms of behavioral temperature regulation. The results obtained through the experiment were statistically analyzed using paired t test. Rectal temperature was decreased greater (p<.01) and mean skin temperature was maintained higher (p<.01) in feet wanning than in feet cooling. Results of preferred clothing were coincident with those of general thermal sensation. There was a higher tendency to prefer temperature in feet wanning than feet cooling in the morning. It was concluded that keeping feet skin temperature lower in the early morning and higher in the late evening would be effective in terms of regulating circadian rhythm of core temperature.

• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
• /
• 1997.04a
• /
• pp.227-246
• /
• 1997

With a view of to providing basic data for designing male's and female's clothes, heslthy males and females(five each) were exposed to three different environmental temperature( $20{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$ $28{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$,$32{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$ in the nude. Their adaptation of skin temperature, physilogical responses, oral temperature, blood pressure, pulse rates) and psychological reactions (thermal, comfort and perceptive sweat sensations) were analyzed to be as follows; The subjects's skin temperature had a similar look of adaptation, but the stability of skin temperature differed at the $20{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$and at the $28{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$ Males had higher skin temperatures at three environmental temperatures, but females showed a higher temperature change at the $20{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$ and$28{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$ and males at the $32{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$ Thus females were more resistant to the cold, while male were more resistant to the heat. As environmental temperature increased, oral temperature and pulse rates also grew up. Females turned higher in oral temperature and lower in blood pressure, but both sexes had a normal range of physiological reactions. Even though three environmental temperature were same changes in thermal sensation at and in perceptive sweat sensation at $28{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$and in perceptive sweat sensation at$32{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$ the two sexes had the same response in comfort sensation at the three environmental temperature.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.123-130
• /
• 1996

The purpose of this study is to examine and to evaluate the wearing performance of pile materials to produce velvet fabrics which have excellent wearing comfort. Acetate velvet, Cuprammonium rayon velvet were combined as textiles for clothing and acetate and viscose rayon were as textiles for lining at the environmental condition of temperature $15^{\circ}C,\;18^{\circ}C,\;21^{\circ}C,\;24^{\circ}C$, relative humidity $50{\pm}5%$ and air velocity 0.25 m/sec. Wearing comfort among 4 materials combinations(Aa, Av, Ra, Rv) was examined and compared. The results are as follows. The investigation of mean skin temperature for environmental temperature and material combinations showed that the mean temperature had a significant difference at the p<0.01 level in accordance with environmental temperature and material combinations.(Aa>Av>Ra>Rv) Moreover, in clothing climate only clothing temperature tended to increase almost linearly but at $24^{\circ}C$ there was no significant difference among textiles for lining compared with the other environmental temperatures. In subjective sensations thermal sensation and comfort sensation showed a significant difference in environmental temperatures and materials.(Aa>Av>Ra>Rv) Though a subject felt warmer, more humid, and more uncomfortable at $24^{\circ}C$ for all of the material combinations comparing with the other temperatures, there was no significant difference in materials.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
• /
• v.18 no.9
• /
• pp.2486-2493
• /
• 1994

Transient heat transfer characteristics in th radiant heating panel with heat diffusion fin were predicted by numerical analysis. Thermal behaviors of panel, such as temperature distributions in panel and convective and radiative heat fluxes in panel surface with advance of time, were obtained for several important parameters. The performance and thermal comfort of heating panel were studied and compared for various design conditions, such as pipe pitch, area ratio and thermal conductivity of optimal design of the new heating panels with heat diffusion fin. It was concluded that the efficient area ratio of heat diffusion fin is about 0.5, and the greater the thermal conductivity of fin is, the better the performance of panel is.