• 보건행정학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.1-28
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• 2012

Since its establishment in 1948, World Health Organization (WHO) has tried and facilitated international cooperation of public health under the goal of "the highest attainable health," and gained outcomes like the eradication of smallpox and polio, turning itself into the representative of international public health. However, there was discord between member nations during the cold war era, and the status of WHO experienced rise and fall after its establishment. WHO, the representative international health organization, also has not been freed from influences from international regime changes, which means that the discussion on the internal causes of WHO functionings should be expanded more. In this study, functionalism was tested as one of international relations theory that tries to explain the establishment and role of WHO. Especially, this study analyzed the problems and problem-solving process that WHO had to face by using Imber's five steps theory that arranged chronologically the theory of Mitrany. We mainly investigated the secondary source that described historic facts on the rise and fall of WHO in terms of roles and functionings during establishment of WHO, the cold war era, and international cooperation of public health. The roles of WHO were analyzed by selecting the gains of WHO in the post cold war era. The functionalism arrangement of Imber was appropriate to some extent in explaining the establishment and role of WHO. The first step was International Sanitary Conference in 1851 that made nations to recognize international cooperation of public health, and the second step was the establishment of WHO that handles public health as an international organization. Recent cases of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control and International Health Regulations showed that each nation agreed with an international norm that they had to cooperate each other to tackle infectious diseases and smoking, and this implies that these were emergence of global governance. This process was the third step of Imber's theory (nations had a gain from international cooperation would agree with the expansion of authority of international organization). However, the last two steps of the theory are still not realized. The partial success of WHO was based on the functional elements that WHO deals with non-political elements, human resources centering on professionals, and democratic decision making process. This essential and non-political characteristics mean that necessity of international cooperation catalyzed by WHO would continue despite of the global governance era when global health governance get faced more challenges.

• 한국언론정보학보
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• 제35권
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• pp.7-35
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• 2006

신자유주의적 세계화가 강화되면서 문화시장 개방을 둘러싼 국제사회의 논쟁 역시 강화되고 있다. 시장개방 촉진자들은 문화영역의 생산물 역시 타 상품과 같은 조건에서 다루어져야 한다고 강변한다. 이의 반대자들은 문화란 개인과 공동체의 의식과 정체성에 영향을 주는 것이기에 상품교역에 있어서도 예외성이 인정되어야 한다고 강조한다. 이 같은 문화시장 개방을 둘러싼 국제 관계의 흐름은 국제사회의 의사결정과 관리에 대한 규범 창출의 이론적 틀을 제시하는 '글로벌 거버넌스(Global Governance)'의 중요성을 부각시킨다. 이에 본 논문은 문화시장 개방을 둘러싸고 서로 다른 입장을 취하고 있는 국제규범과 이의 행위자들에 대한 고찰을 글로벌 거버넌스라는 관점을 통해 살펴보고 있다. 구체적으로 문화시장 개방을 촉진하는 WTO, GATT, GATS와 같은 국제협약 및 행위자들을, 그리고 그 반대편에 위치하면서 '문화적 다양성' 논의를 이끌고 있는 국제협약 및 행위자들을 글로벌 거버넌스라는 틀 속에서 검토하고 있다. 이를 통해 본 논문은 문화시장 개방을 둘러싼 논쟁과 충돌은 패권국가의 힘에 기반한 국제질서가 아니라 다양한 국제사회의 행위자들이 참가하는 글로벌 거버넌스의 구축을 통해 그 해결책이 모색되어야 한다는 것을 강조하고 있다.

• 한국전자거래학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.49-74
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• 2007

기존의 IT 거버넌스 연구에 따르면 비록 비슷한 환경, 규모, 산업에 속하는 기업이라도 IT 거버넌스 구조가 다양한 형태로 존재하고 있다고 밝히고 있으며, 이는 단일요인에 의한 영향이라기 보다는 다중상황요인들의 영향에 의한 것으로 나타나고 있다. 본 연구는 기업들의 IT 활동에 대한 의사결정의 권한과 책임이 누구에게 있는지를 파악하기 위해 IT 의사결정 구조에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 찾아내고, 다중상황이론을 적용하여 IT 거버넌스 연구모형 개발하고, 이를 통해 국내 중소기업의 IT 거버넌스 구조를 파악하였다. 자료분석을 통해 국내 기업의 IT 거버넌스는 주로 분권형과 하이브리드 구조이고, IT 거버넌스 구조가 본 연구에서 제시된 상황요인들로부터 동시적이고 다중적인 영향을 받는다는 사실을 확인하였다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제61권5호
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• pp.770-776
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• 2012

For a few recent years, KECA(Korea Electrical Contractor Association) has promoted a project to establish an electrical construction specification called Master Spec. This paper analyses the characteristics of standards-making process of the Master Spec. as an umbrella technical standard in electrical construction industry in Korea. This paper argues that even if the Master Spec. is recognized to be technical standards, the standards-making process involves both technical and social practices when viewed from social construction theory and governance perspective. This aspect of social practices in technical standards making should be well understood because various stakeholders in terms of interests, resources, and motives try to influence the process positively and negatively. KECA in responsible for enactment of the Mater Spec. should be very thoughtful in building consensus first of all among electrical contractors, managing relationship with concerned government officials, and dealing with potential deviant groups as well as in pooling expertises and developing technical knowledge needed for designing technical specification.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.67-77
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• 2023

This study investigates the impact of corporate governance (defined as companies' ownership structure and board of directors' characteristics) on cash holdings in the context of Oman. This study leverages a quantitative panel pooled regression on a dataset of Omani non-financial firms from 2009-2015. The findings of this study are generally in line with the predictions of Agency Theory and Mentoring and Busyness Hypotheses. The analysis demonstrates that a large stockholder size has a significant positive relationship with cash holding. Meanwhile, a positive (but insignificant) relationship was also found between institutional ownership and cash holding. Furthermore, state ownership was found to exhibit a significant negative relationship with cash holding. In terms of the board of directors' traits, this study's findings suggest that board sizes have a positive (but insignificant) relationship with cash holding. Furthermore, busy and independent boards were found to have a significant positive relationship with cash holding. The above findings suggest that boards with such traits are less effective in providing oversight on managers' actions, which would then increase Omani non-financial firms' cash holdings.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권12호
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• pp.389-395
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• 2020

Earnings management is a matter of concern for organizations because it affects the interests of stakeholders. This reduces the quality of information on financial statements of the organizations when the organization performs earnings management behavior. The objective of the article is to examine the impact of corporate governance on earnings management of all Vietnamese listed banks from 2015 to 2019. The article uses time-series data and ordinary least square (OLS) with Eviews 10.0 software to test the regression model. The agency and asymmetry information theory is used to explain the relationship between corporate governance and earnings management. The study results show that two variables - the foreign members of the board of directors and audit committee - have an opposite effect on earnings management behavior of Vietnamese listed banks. Therefore, the managers of listed banks need to raise awareness to express responsibility for honest and reasonable information on the financial statements. This creates trust and credibility for stakeholders. Moreover, Central bank of Vietnam should monitor regularly and enforce strict sanctions to limit earnings management behavior of listed banks. This contributes to improving the quality of accounting information in the Vietnamese banking sector to meet the trend of international economic integration.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권8호
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• pp.185-195
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• 2020

This study examines the association between governance quality at country level and stock market performance. Specifically, the study investigates the influence of control of corruption, government effectiveness, political stability and absence of violence, rule of law, regulatory quality, and voice and accountability on all-share index of the stock markets of the six Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. This study is anchored on two theories - the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) and Institutional Theory. The study employs panel data spanning from 2006 to 2017. The findings show that political stability and absence of violence and rule of law exhibit a significant positive impact on stock market performance, while regulatory quality and voice and accountability have a significant, but negative relationship with stock market performance. The results imply that quality of governance in terms of rule of law and political stability devoid of violence have strong impact on stock market returns. Similarly, improved stock market returns are largely dependent on the efficiency of the institutional environment of market as investors are always wary of the inherent risks associated with the uncertainty of the market. This study has crucial policy implications for the government of the GCC countries and stock market participants.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.31-43
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• 2018

Purpose - We examine how a Korean retail firm's social responsibility is related to its financial performances. The traditional view of corporation expects a negative relationship, while the stakeholder theory expects a positive one. Research design, data, and methodology - We adopt the ESG score, published by Korean Corporate Governance Service to measure the level of socially responsible activity for the Korean retail firms. The ordinary least square method is adopted to investigate this relationship. The publicly traded retail firms are examined from 2011 to 2016. Results - We find that the total ESG score is negatively related to ROE but shows no statistically significant relationship with ROA and Tobin's Q value. However, a firm's environmental score is negatively related with both of ROE and ROA. Its social score is no conclusive relationship with the performance measures. The governance score is negatively related to the value of Tobin's Q. Conclusions - This paper generally supports the traditional view of corporate theory, especially in terms of ROE. This evidence is not well aligned with the existing study for Korean corporations generally documenting positive relationships. We find almost no empirical evidence supporting the stakeholder theory of corporation in the Korean retail industry.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.79-89
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• 2010

In recent years, IT organizations are in the process of introducing IT Governance as the concept and measure of transparency, accountability and effectiveness of IT activities and control for managing governance processes. In this paper, the influential factors for IT organizations to adopt COBIT(The Control Objectives for Information and related Technology) which is a typical framework for effective IT Governance execution were classified and analyzed empirically into internal and external factors. Internal factors were designed based on influential factors in the theory of innovation diffusion, and external factors were designed based on influential factors from outside certification which were absent in COBIT and expertise support from the outside. The result of this study showed that understandability, transition and effectiveness which were internal factors had no effect on COBIT introduction, and only expertise support among certification and expertise support which were external factors had significant effects. This result shows that there are lack of COBIT supports and introduction in internal IT organizations. It is expected that the result of this study will allow strategic approach of COBIT adoption in future by verifying influential factors of COBIT introduction within IT organizations.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.503-523
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• 2019

Many cities in the world have increased initiative to realize smart tourism. There are unexplored challenges for the people which lead and manage smart tourism projects and realize its value in tourism (we call them as 'Smart tourism initiatives'), such as orchestrating of tourism complexity, developing and sharing tourism strategy, sustaining tourism projects and innovation. Concerning these challenges, we aim to design a holistic capability maturity model for sustainable and smart tourism governance enabling sustainable tourism innovations via tackling the challenges above. We adopted Dynamic capability theory as a theoretical lens and introduced Design science research methodology in order to develop a new capability maturity governance model as a design artifact. As a result of the study, we could synthesize findings from iterations of the design research cycle based on the IT Capability Maturity Model. Our result proposes a potential capability maturity model supporting effective communication and strategic alignment for the initiatives with illuminating future paths with evaluation methods on tourism capabilities for the initiatives. Throughout this study, we contribute to the body of knowledge as well as practice by proposing a new tourism capability governance model.