• Title/Summary/Keyword: Theory U

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Application of Program Theory and Logic Model to Evaluate Immunization Disparity Program for Children under 3 Years

  • Chung, Jee In
    • Health Policy and Management
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    • v.32 no.3
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    • pp.272-281
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    • 2022
  • With the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, health policymakers are adopting new policies regarding the issue of immunization disparities, especially for children in low-income communities of color who lack awareness and thereby access to vaccines. The purpose of this paper is to propose an evaluation framework using program theory-based evaluation approach and logic model to analyze and evaluate the immunization disparities in children aged 19-35 months. Data is collected from New York City department of Health and the U.S. Census Bureau for Northern Manhattan Start Right Coalition program which consists of 19,800 children, and the community-provider partnership includes 26 practices and 20 groups. Program theory is used to evaluate this community-based initiative with the logic model which is a visual depiction that illustrations the program theory to all stakeholders. The logic model highlights the resources, activities, outputs, outcomes, and impacts of the program to guide to planners and evaluators and to call attention to the inadequacies or flaws in the operational, implementation and service delivery process of the program in offering a new perspective on the program. This framework adds to the literature on evaluations of immunization disparities in determining whether evaluators can definitively attribute positive immunization outcomes in the community to the program and conclude whether it has potential in expanding or duplicating it to other similar settings, especially in other rural areas of the United States, and abroad, where routine immunization equity gaps are wide due to income, racial and ethnic diversity, and language barrier.

Employment Instability and Security Funds in U.S. Households

  • Baek, Eun-Woung
    • International Journal of Human Ecology
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    • v.4 no.2
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    • pp.55-75
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    • 2003
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of employment related factors on household savings for precautionary purposes when controlling for financial security and to compare the results between the two different economic periods. A conceptual framework was developed based on the precautionary saving theory, the family stress theory, and previous empirical studies. As a self-insurance, a measure of security funds were developed and used as the dependent variable. Using data on working households in the 1992 and the 1998 Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF), a MLE estimation was conducted on the pooled data. The 1992 and 1998 data were used to reflect periods of economic recession and expansion, respectively. The results suggested that factors representing resources played the most significant role in determining the amount of security funds. Some of the employment related factors, preferences, financial security, and race were also significantly affected the amount of security funds. The results suggested that stable employment conditions were important for households to accumulate security funds. Households with more human resources and financial resources had a larger amount of security funds than those that had less human and financial resources. From the findings, implications for research, policies, and financial educators had been suggested.

A Study on Moderating Effect of Unity on Typicality Effect In Product Form (제품 형태에 있어서 전형성 효과에 대한 통일성의 조절효과에 관한 연구)

  • 김진아;양종열;홍정표
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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    • 1999.03a
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    • pp.97-102
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    • 1999
  • The purpose of this study is to find out the moderating influences of unity on typicality effect of prototype theory in new product development process. It is said in the classical point of view of categorization that the higher level of typicality, the more preference a consumer have on a specific product. According to, however, the prototype theory's view on the relationship between product preference and typicality, there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between those two factors. But the prototype theory is needed to be verified with various design variables such as harmony, proportion, balance etc as well as unity. Therefore this study verified moderating effect of unity on typicality effect of new product.

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A Historical Background of Graph Theory and the Computer Representation (그래프 이론의 역사적 배경과 그 컴퓨터 표현)

  • Kim Hwa-jun;Han Su-young
    • Journal for History of Mathematics
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.103-110
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    • 2005
  • This paper is aimed at studying a historical background of graph theory and we deal with the computer representation of graph through a simple example. Graph is represented by adjacency matrix, edge table, adjacency lists and we study the matrix representation by Euler circuit. The effect of the matrix representation by Euler circuit economize the storage capacity of computer. The economy of a storage capacity has meaning on a mobile system.

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A Study on the Measurement of Spatial Density and Structural Characteristic Evaluation using Discrete Event Simulation (이산사건 시뮬레이션을 활용한 공간밀도측정 및 구조특성평가)

  • Yoon, So Hee;Kim, Gun A;Kim, Suk Tae
    • Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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    • v.20 no.7
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    • pp.1090-1101
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    • 2017
  • This study analyzes spatial density and integration of Space Syntax and Discrete Event Simulation (DEVS) of complex system theory and analyzes spatial structure by property, type and depth. The aim of this study is to secure the validity of the theoretical application. The study evaluated the correlation between spatial density and integration by setting up eight types of analysis models. In addition, analyzed the correlation of structural characteristics and approached the application of discrete event simulation of spatial syntax theory. It is confirmed that the concept of integration of spatial syntax theory and analysis using discrete event simulation are valid as new spatial analysis methodology. Also expect that realistic and concrete predictions will be possible if discrete event simulation evolves into research for space allocation and space efficiency optimization.

The Evolution of Community Nutrition in the U.S.

  • Gillespie, Ardyth M.H.
    • Journal of Community Nutrition
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    • v.5 no.4
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    • pp.195-208
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    • 2003
  • Drawing from journal articles, community nutrition textbooks, government documents, national conference reports, the author's own work in community programming, and discussions with practicing Community Nutritionists, this article illuminates the scope and character of community nutrition in the United States. It traces the roots of community nutrition in home economics, nutrition, education, communication, social and behavioral sciences, and describes the evolution of theory. And finally it suggests issues to be addressed by community nutrition researchers and practitioners through collaborations that integrate perspectives within community nutrition and strategically cross disciplinary boundaries. These include: 1) theory development and application in research and practice within philosophically consistent perspectives; 2) methodological development (qualitative and quantitative) drawing from the social and behavioral sciences that apply to community nutrition; 3) taking a long view of community nutrition and recognizing that change requires integrated efforts over long periods of time; 4) engaging community stakeholders in research as well as program planning and 5) engaging with community nutritionists from other countries for cross-cultural research and conceptualization. This journal and the Korean Society for Community Nutrition, as the only journal and society expressly devoted to community nutrition, would be the best context for such collaborations.

Measuring comparison level and comparison level alternatives in marital relationships from the exchange theory perspectives: Development of the comparison Level Scale and the Comparison Level for Alternatives Scale (교환이론적 관점에서 본 결혼관계에서의 비교수준과 대안에 대한 비교수준의 측정 : 비교수준척도와 대안에 대한 비교수준척도의 개발)

  • 윤경자
    • Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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    • v.31 no.4
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    • pp.133-140
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    • 1993
  • This study presents the rationale for the development of the Comparison Level Scale(CLS) and the Comparison Level for Alternatives Scale(CLAS). Data from 130 married women who live in the U.S.A. suggest that the CLS and the CLAS are internally consistent and unidimensional. The CLS and the CLAS are based on exchange theory perspectives, particularly, Thibaut and Kelley's theory, on evaluating an individual's comparative processes. The scales provide explanatory as well as descriptive power concerning evaluating an intimate relationship.

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Sweet Taste Mechanism of 1-Alkoxy-4-nitroaniline (1-알콕시-4-니트로아닐린들의 糖度에 關한 硏究)

  • U. R. Kim;M. S. Jhon;Y. B. Chae
    • Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.17 no.6
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    • pp.391-394
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    • 1973
  • A semiempirical molecular orbital theory which is known as extended H ckel theory is applied to explain the sweet taste mechanism of nitroaniline, 1-methoxy-4-nitroaniline, and 1-ethoxy-4-nitroaniline which has different sweetness respectively. In this paper, the assumption is made that the nitroaniline is coplanar. The relationship between charge density and sweetness has been calculated according to the geometrical rotation of the orthosubstitute of nitroanilines. It has been shown that the calculated results are consistent with the experimental order of the relative sweetness.

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Intimacy passion and commitment in marriage among Korean people: A test of the triangular theory of love (Sternberg 의 사랑의 삼각이론의 한국부부에의 적용)

  • 강진경
    • Journal of Families and Better Life
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    • v.17 no.4
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    • pp.47-60
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    • 1999
  • The predictions derived from Sternberg's triangular theory of love were tested in order to explain the love relationships in marriage among Korean people. We were first interested in whether the subjective love experiences of respondents could be characterized by three components: intimacy passion and commitment we then attempted to examine the time course of each component as the marital relationships continued. 16897 married men and women were asked to complete the questionnaire including the love scale developed by researchers based on Sernberg's and other researchers' work. The results are as follows: First the love experienced by Korean men and women in their marriage can be classified by 3 dimensions: intimacy passion and commitment. Secon intimacy is the most powerful indicator of love in marital rlationships follows bgy passion and commitment. Third each of the 3 dimensions of marital love showed a U-shaped pattern as the marriage continued. Fourth commitment was more table than the other 2 dimensions throughout the marriage. The resultso f the study showed that Sternberg's triangular theory of love is useful to explain the marital love among Korean people.

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Temperature-Dependent Hydrolysis Reactions of U(VI) Studied by TRLFS

  • Lee, J.Y.;Yun, J.I.
    • Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.65-73
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    • 2013
  • Temperature-dependent hydrolysis behaviors of aqueous U(VI) species were investigated with time-resolved laser fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS) in the temperature range from 15 to $75^{\circ}C$. The formation of four different U(VI) hydrolysis species was measured at pHs from 1 to 7. The predominant presence of $UO{_2}^{2+}$, $(UO_2)_2(OH){_2}^{2+}$, $(UO_2)_3(OH){_5}^+$, and $(UO_2)_3(OH){_7}^-$ species were identified based on the spectroscopic properties such as fluorescence wavelengths and fluorescence lifetimes. With an increasing temperature, a remarkable decrement in the fluorescence lifetime for all U(VI) hydrolysis species was observed, representing the dynamic quenching behavior. Furthermore, the increase in the fluorescence intensity of the further hydrolyzed U(VI) species was clearly observed at an elevated temperature, showing stronger hydrolysis reactions with increasing temperatures. The formation constants of the U(VI) hydrolysis species were calculated to be $log\;K{^0}_{2,2}=-4.0{\pm}0.6$ for $(UO_2)_2(OH){_2}^{2+}$, $log\;K{^0}_{3,5}=-15.0{\pm}0.3$ for $(UO_2)_3(OH){_5}^+$, and $log\;K{^0}_{3,7}=-27.7{\pm}0.7$ for $(UO_2)_3(OH){_7}^-$ at $25^{\circ}C$ and I = 0 M. The specific ion interaction theory (SIT) was applied for the extrapolation of the formation constants to infinitely diluted solution. The results of temperature-dependent hydrolysis behavior in terms of the U(VI) fluorescence were compared and validated with those obtained using computational methods (DQUANT and constant enthalpy equation). Both results matched well with each other. The reaction enthalpies and entropies that are vital for the computational methods were determined by a combination of the van't Hoff equation and the Gibbs free energy equation. The temperature-dependent hydrolysis reaction of the U(VI) species indicates the transition of a major U(VI) species by means of geothermal gradient and decay heat from the radioactive isotopes, representing the necessity of deeper consideration in the safety assessment of geologic repository.